Author: Pavel Rizo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Mg/transition-metal nanomaterials for efficient hydrogen storageMagnesium metal is a prominent element for solid-state hydrogen storage due to its large abundance in earth's crust and its high weight and volumetric hydrogen uptakes. However, hydrogen sorption suffers from sluggish kinetics and the formed hydride is too stable for applications working under ambient conditions. The former issue can be solved by developing composites combining two hydrides, MgH2 and TiH2 at the nanoscale. These materials are synthesized by mechanical milling under reactive atmosphere. By this technique, the formation of nanocomposites and their hydrogenation can be obtained in a single-step. Moreover, these materials can be produced at large scale for application purposes. The work focused on three topics: i) the optimization of the TiH2 content in the (1-y) MgH2+yTiH2 system. This was accomplished by optimizing the titanium content (0.0125≤y≤0.3 mole), while keeping good kinetics, hydrogen reversibility and cycle-life. The data show that y=0.025 is the best compromise to fulfill the most practical properties; ii) the extension to other transition metals for the system 0.95MgH2+0.05TMHx (TM: Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, V and Nb), evaluating the contribution of each additive to kinetics, hydrogen reversibility and cycle-life; iii) the conception of an automatic cycling device able to carry out hundreds of sorption cycles whit the aim of measuring the cycle-life of metal hydrides. The work was done using manifold experimental methods. For synthesis, reactive ball milling under hydrogen atmosphere was primarily used. The crystal structure and the chemical composition of nanomaterials was determined from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Particle size and morphology were obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy / Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Thermodynamic, kinetic and cycling properties toward hydrogen sorption were determined by the Sieverts method.
Author: R. G. Barnes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy storage
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
Ames Laboratory, Iowa, USA
Author: Mieczyslaw Jurczyk
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1315340771
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Nanoscale metallic and ceramic materials, also called nanomaterials, have held enormous attraction for researchers over the past few years. They demonstrate novel properties compared with conventional (microcrystalline) materials owing to their nanoscale features. Recently, mechanical alloying and powder metallurgy processes for the fabrication of metal–ceramic/alloy–ceramic nanocomposites with a unique microstructure have been developed. This book focuses on the fabrication of nanostructured hydrogen storage materials and their nanocomposites. The potential application of the research presented in the book fits well into the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020, where one of the societal challenges is secure, clean, and efficient energy. Wherever possible, the authors have illustrated the subject by their own results. The goal of the book is to provide comprehensive knowledge about materials for energy applications to graduate students and researchers in chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science.
Author: Kohei Kusada
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 4431550879
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
This thesis reports the discovery of metal nanoparticles having new structures that do not exist in bulk state and that exhibit hydrogen storage ability or CO oxidation activity. Research into the reaction of hydrogen with metals has attracted much attention because of potential applications as effective hydrogen storage materials, as permeable films, or as catalysts for hydrogenation. Also, CO oxidation catalysts have been extensively developed because of their importance to CO removal from car exhaust or fuel-cell systems. At the same time, atomic-level (solid solution) alloying has the advantage of being able to continuously control chemical and physical properties of elements by changing compositions and/or combinations of constituent elements. This thesis provides a novel strategy for the basis of inter-elemental fusion to create highly efficient functional materials for energy and material conversions.
Author: Dunwei Wang
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1786343649
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 836
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Book Description
The use of nanomaterials in energy conversion and storage represents an opportunity to improve the performance, density and ease of transportation in renewable resources. This book looks at the most recent research on the topic, with particular focus on artificial photosynthesis and lithium-ion batteries as the most promising technologies to date. Research on the broad subject of energy conversion and storage calls for expertise from a wide range of backgrounds, from the most fundamental perspectives of the key catalytic processes at the molecular level to device scale engineering and optimization. Although the nature of the processes dictates that electrochemistry is a primary characterization tool, due attention is given to advanced techniques such as synchrotron studies in operando. These studies look at the gap between the performance of current technology and what is needed for the future, for example how to improve on the lithium-ion battery and to go beyond its capabilities.Suitable for students and practitioners in the chemical, electrochemical, and environmental sciences, Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Storage provides the information needed to find scalable, economically viable and safe solutions for sustainable energy.
Author: Fatih Şen
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128194774
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage Applications introduces nanomaterials and nanocomposites manufacturing and design for hydrogen storage applications. The book covers the manufacturing, design, characterization techniques and hydrogen storage applications of a range of nanomaterials. It outlines fundamental characterization techniques for nanocomposites to establish their suitability for hydrogen storage applications. Offering a sound knowledge of hydrogen storage application of nanocomposites, this book is an important resource for both materials scientists and engineers who are seeking to understand how nanomaterials can be used to create more efficient energy storage solutions. Assesses the characterization, design, manufacture and application of different types of nanomaterials for hydrogen storage Outlines the major challenges of using nanomaterials in hydrogen storage Discusses how the use of nanotechnology is helping engineers create more effective hydrogen storage systems
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128145595
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
Advanced Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage covers recent progress made in the rational design and engineering of functional nanomaterials for battery and supercapacitor applications in the forms of electrode materials, separators and electrolytes. The book includes detailed discussions of preparation methods, structural characterization, and manipulation techniques. Users will find a comprehensive illustration on the close correlation between material structures and properties, such as energy density, power density, cycle number and safety. Provides an overview on the application of nanomaterials for energy storage and power systems Includes a description of the fundamental aspects of the electrochemical process Explores the new aspects of electrolyte and separator systems
Author: Lu Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Electrochemical energy conversion technologies including Zn-air batteries, water splitting and energy storage devices such as Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors are booming to meet the increasing energy demands owing to their high energy density, excellent durability, low cost and feasible potability. The performance of energy conversion are largely determined by the efficiency of oxygen reactions (oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER)) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) facilitated by the high-performance electrocatalysts. While the utilizations and performance of various energy storage devices are limited by the electrode materials properties. Nowadays, transition metal-based materials exhibit their high electrochemical activities due to their adjustable morphologies, controllable structures, and low cost. However, they still face some challenges such as low conductivity, low surface area, and structure collapsing. Hence, this research studies the rational design of three types of transition metal-based nanomaterials for both energy conversion and storage. By investigating physical properties via different characterizations and electrochemical measurements, obtaining a comprehension understanding of correlation of electrocatalytic performance with material's structure and morphology while achieving the goal of " designing one type of material for multiapplication". In energy conversion, the first is bimetallic CoNi alloy nanoparticles embedded in pomegranate-like nitrogen-doped carbon spheres (N-CoNi/PCS) for oxygen reactions. By studying the morphology configurations, we find that the porous structure possesses plentiful active sites and high surface area enables excellent electrochemical performance, which delivers a low half-wave potential of 0.80 V towards ORR and overpotential of 540 mV towards OER with excellent durability. By combining the results of physical and electrochemical properties, such porous structure play a key role to contribute to high electrochemical performance. Second, a unique nanostructure of N and S codoped porous carbon (N,S-Co/Zn-ZIF) derived from bimetallic ZIFs as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reactions. By studying the physical properties, we find that the nanostructure forms a rhombic dodecahedron morphology with rough surface, containing abundant active sites of sulfides nanocrystals. Owing to the special structure, such bifunctional electrocatalyst delivers a superior half wave potential of 0.86 V towards ORR and overpotential of 350 mV towards OER. Third, Ni9S8/MoS2 nanosheets decorated NiMoO4 nanorods heterostructure is developed by hydrothermal and sulfurization as an electrocatalyst for water splitting. Core-shell nanorods with diameter of 180-200 nm consisted of 2D Ni9S8/MoS2 nanoflakes as outer shell part and 1D nickel molybdate nanorods inner core, providing plentiful charge transportation channels. According to these features, such nanomaterials present high performance with low overpotentials of 190 and 360 mV for HER and OER in alkaline solution, respectively. Based on these, it's concluded that rational design of electrocatalyst is correlated with electrochemical performance. Furthermore, to explore the electrochemical performance of transition metal-sulfides for energy storage, N,S-codoped carbon dodecahedron/transition metal sulfides are also studied as anode materials for Li-ion intercalation. Surprisingly, such nanocomposites with rough surface area and active sites still donates high-performance Li-ion intercalation with superior initial reversible capacity of 938.2 mA h g-1 with a high-capacity retention of 65.6% after 100 cycles at 150 mA g-1. At the same time, hetero-structural core-shell NiMoO4@Ni9S8/MoS2 nanorods are also studied as electrode materials for supercapacitor, which unveils unsurpassed specific capacity of 373.4 F g-1 at 10 A g-1. Such excellent electrochemical properties prove that such core shell structure is still favorable for energy storage. The above results all prove the successful design of three types of transition metal-based nanomaterials and different structural features contribute to excellent electrochemical performance. Thus, there is a strong relationship about structure design and electrochemical performance. Since all of nanomaterials show excellent electrochemical performance in both energy conversion and storage, we have achieved goal of "multiapplication". This research provides the effective design strategies of high-performance transition metal-based nanomaterials for multiapplication which paves a new way of development and understanding of these materials towards electrochemical energy conversion and storage.
Author: Gongbiao Xin
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662494043
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
This thesis introduces the preparation of a series of Mg-based thin films with different structures using magnetron sputtering, as well as the systematical investigation of their gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage properties under mild conditions. It reviews promising applications of Mg-based thin films in smart windows, hydrogen sensors and Ni-MH batteries, while also providing significant insights into research conducted on Mg-based hydrogen storage materials, especially the Mg-based films. Moreover, the unique experimental procedures and methods (including electric resistance, optical transmittance and electrochemical methods) used in this thesis will serve as a valuable reference for researchers in the field of Mg-based hydrogen storage films.
Author: Ram K. Gupta
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323998291
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 816
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Book Description
Metal-Organic Framework-Based Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Storage addresses current challenges and covers design and fabrication approaches for nanomaterials based on metal organic frameworks for energy generation and storage technologies. The effect of synthetic diversity, functionalization, ways of improving conductivity and electronic transportation, tuning-in porosity to accommodate various types of electrolyte, and the criteria to achieve the appropriate pore size, shape and surface group of different metal sites and ligands are explored. The effect of integration of other elements, such as second metals or hetero-atomic doping in the system, to improve catalytic activity and durability, are also covered. This is an important reference source for materials scientists, engineers and energy scientists looking to further their understanding on how metal organic framework-based nanomaterials are being used to create more efficient energy conversion and storage systems. Describes major metal organic framework-based nanomaterials applications for fuel cell, battery, supercapacitor and photovoltaic applications Provides information on the various nanomaterial types used for creating the most efficient energy conversion and storage systems Assesses the major challenges of using nanotechnology to manufacture energy conversion and storage systems on an industrial scale
