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Author: Anthony P. Corfield
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592590489
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 491
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Book Description
The mucins (mucus glycoproteins) have long been a complex corner of glycoprotein biology. While dramatic advances in the separation, structural an- ysis, biosynthesis, and degradation have marked the progress in general glycop- tein understanding, the mucins have lagged behind. The reasons for this lack of progress have always been clear and are only now being resolved. The mucins are very large molecules; they are difficult to separate from other molecules present in mucosal secretions or membranes; they are often degraded owing to natural protective functions or to isolation methodology and their peptide and oligos- charide structures are varied and complex. Understanding these molecules has demanded progress in several major areas. Isolation techniques that protect the intact mucins and allow dissociation from other adsorbed but discrete molecules needed to be developed and accepted by all researchers in the field. Improved methods for the study of very large molecules with regard to their aggregation and polymerization were also needed. Structural analysis of the peptide domains and the multitude of oligosaccharide chains was required for smaller sample sizes, for multiple samples, and in shorter time. In view of these problems it is perhaps not surprising that the mucins have remained a dilemma, of obvious biological importance and interest, but very difficult to analyze.
Author: Anthony P. Corfield
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592590489
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 491
Get Book Here
Book Description
The mucins (mucus glycoproteins) have long been a complex corner of glycoprotein biology. While dramatic advances in the separation, structural an- ysis, biosynthesis, and degradation have marked the progress in general glycop- tein understanding, the mucins have lagged behind. The reasons for this lack of progress have always been clear and are only now being resolved. The mucins are very large molecules; they are difficult to separate from other molecules present in mucosal secretions or membranes; they are often degraded owing to natural protective functions or to isolation methodology and their peptide and oligos- charide structures are varied and complex. Understanding these molecules has demanded progress in several major areas. Isolation techniques that protect the intact mucins and allow dissociation from other adsorbed but discrete molecules needed to be developed and accepted by all researchers in the field. Improved methods for the study of very large molecules with regard to their aggregation and polymerization were also needed. Structural analysis of the peptide domains and the multitude of oligosaccharide chains was required for smaller sample sizes, for multiple samples, and in shorter time. In view of these problems it is perhaps not surprising that the mucins have remained a dilemma, of obvious biological importance and interest, but very difficult to analyze.
Author: Alan Beck
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 9781627033268
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Glyco-engineering is being developed as a method to control the composition of carbohydrates and to enhance the pharmacological properties of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other proteins. In Glycosylation Engineering of Biopharmaceuticals: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field provide readers with production and characterization protocols of glycoproteins and glyco-engineered biopharmaceuticals with a focus on mAbs. The volume is divided in four complementary parts dealing with glyco-engineering of therapeutic proteins, glycoanalytics, glycoprotein complexes characterization, and PK/PD assays for therapeutic antibodies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Glycosylation Engineering of Biopharmaceuticals: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for scientists striving to push forward the exciting field of engineered biopharmaceuticals.
Author: Ray H. Gavin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592590519
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Over the past two decades experimental studies have solidified the int- pretation of the cytoskeleton as a highly dynamic network of microtubules, actin microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and myosin filaments. Rather than a network of disparate fibers, these polymers are often interconnected and display synergy, which is the combined action of two or more cytoskeletal polymers to achieve a specific cellular structure or function. Cross-commu- cation among cytoskeletal polymers is thought to be achieved through cytoskeletal polymer accessory proteins and molecular motors that bind two or more cytoskeletal polymers. Development of the modern concept of the cytoskeleton is a direct o- growth of advances in experimental tools and reagents that are available to cell and molecular biologists. Technological advances and refinements in cell imaging have made it possible to selectively image a single cytoskeletal po- mer and monitor its dynamics through the use of fluorescence probes in vitro and in vivo. Two decades ago, cytoskeletal research was limited to a few perturbation reagents that included colchicine and cytochalasin. Today, the perturbation arsenal has expanded to a highly selective group of reagents that includes Taxol, nocodazole, benomyl, latrunculin, jasplakinolide, and such endogenous proteins as gelsolin. These reagents enable the investigator to selectively perturb or destroy a cytoskeletal polymer while leaving other cytoskeletal polymers intact. Site-specific monoclonal antibodies that target a specific cytoskeletal polymer have proven to be highly selective affinity tools for cytoskeletal research.
Author: Philip H. Howe
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592590535
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
Philip H. Howe and a group of well-versed experimentalists present the first major volume a collection of indispensable classic and cutting-edge TGFß assays. Described in great detail to ensure robust and successful results, these readily reproducible techniques range from the growth inhibition assay for TGFß to methods for monitoring its interactions with the mediating proteins. Extensive notes discuss potential pitfalls and provide tips on how to avoid failures, and throughout, emphasis is given to detailing those technical steps critical for experimental success that are often omitted in the primary literature. Concise and highly practical, Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Protocols provides today's molecular and cell biologists-both expert and novice-with time-tested methods for the identification and analysis of the signal transduction pathways by which TGFß induces and modulates physiological behavior.
Author: Walter A. Hall
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592591140
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
Immunotoxins represent a new class of human therapeutics that have widespread applications and a potential that has not yet been fully recognized since they were first conceived of by Paul Ehrlich in 1906. The majority of advances in the development and implementation of immunotoxins has occurred over the last 20 years. The reasons for this use of immunotoxins in basic science and clinical research are the powerful concurrent advances in genetic engineering and receptor physiology. Recombinant technology has allowed investigators to produce sufficient quantities of a homogeneous c- pound that allows clinical trials to be performed. The identification of specific receptors on malignant cell types has enabled scientists to generate immunotoxins that have had positive results in clinical trials. As more cellular targets are identified in coming years, additional trials will be conducted in different disease states affecting still larger patient populations. Modulation of the immune system to decrease the humoral response to immunotoxins may improve their overall efficacy. As increasingly more effective compounds are generated, it will be necessary to decrease the local and systemic toxicity - sociated with these agents, and methods for doing so are presently being - veloped. The work presented in Immunotoxin Methods and Protocols focuses on three specific areas of immunotoxin investigation that are being conducted by experts throughout the world. The first section describes the construction and development of a variety of immunotoxins.
Author: Gregory A. Tucker
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592590675
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 201
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Book Description
Established investigators from around the world describe in step-by-step detail their best techniques for the study of plant hormones and their regulatory activities. These state-of-the-art methods include contemporary approaches to identifying the biosynthetic pathways of plant hormones, monitoring their levels, characterizing the receptors with which they interact, and analyzing the signaling systems by which they exert their effects. Comprehensive and fully detailed for reproducible laboratory success, Plant Hormone Protocols offers plant biologists an indispensable compendium of today's most powerful methods and strategies to studying plant hormones, their regulation, and their activities.
Author: John R. Chapman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592590454
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 539
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Book Description
Little more than three years down the line and I am already writing the Preface to a second volume to follow Protein and Peptide Analysis by Mass . What has happened in between these times to make this second venture worthwhile? New types of mass spectrometric instrumentation have appeared so that new techniques have become possible and existing techniques have become much more feasible. More particularly, however, the newer ionization te- niques, introduced for the analysis of high molecular weight materials, have now been thoroughly used and studied. As a result, there has been an en- mous improvement in the associated sample handling technology so that these methods are now routinely applied to much smaller sample amounts as well as to more intractable samples. Again, this particular community of mass spectrometry users has both increased in number and diversified. And, riding this wave of acceptance, leaders in the field have set their sights on more complex problems: molecular interaction, ion structures, quantitation, and kinetics are just a few of the newer areas reported in Mass Spectrometry of Proteins and Peptides. As with the first volume, one purpose of this collection, Mass Spectr- etry of Proteins and Peptides, is to show the reader what can be done by the application of mass spectrometry, and perhaps even to encourage the reader to venture down new paths.
Author: John S. Elce
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592590500
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
The purpose of Calpain Methods and Protocols is quite straightf- ward: it is to present the actual experimental methods used in many different laboratories for the study of calpain. It will provide the vital experimental detail, and the discussion of possible pitfalls, for which the standard journals no longer provide space. This will make it as easy as possible for investi- tors interested in calpain to adopt established methods without repeating old mistakes, and to adapt and apply these methods in novel approaches to the many outstanding calpain questions. These questions range from purely biochemical problems of protein structure and enzyme regulation at the molecular level, through large areas of cell biology, to applied and clinical aspects of calpain function in human d- ease. Within this panoply of topics, a wide range of investigators will find many fascinating and as yet unanswered questions about calpain. Calpain Methods and Protocols will provide instant access to many essential te- niques, while saving them the time and effort involved in developing a new method. In addition to questions relating to the normal physiological roles of the calpains, there is considerable evidence that inappropriate calpain activity may have pathological effects in many tissues, for example, following ischemia. This provides a major stimulus for the development of specific calpain inhi- tors for therapeutic purposes, and for the development of methods to evaluate such inhibitors.
Author: Tom Moss
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592592082
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 633
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Book Description
Dr. Tom Moss assembles the new standard collection of cutting-edge techniques to identify key protein-DNA interactions and define their components, their manner of interaction, and their manner of function, both in the cell and in the test tube. The techniques span a wide range, from factor identification to atomic detail, and include multiple DNA footprinting analyses, including in vivo strategies, gel shift (EMSA) optimization, SELEX, surface plasmon resonance, site-specific DNA-protein crosslinking, and UV laser crosslinking. Comprehensive and broad ranging, DNA-Protein Interactions: Principles and Protocols, 2nd Edition, offers a stellar array of over 100 up-to-date and readily reproducible techniques that biochemists and molecular, cellular, and developmental biologists can use successfully today to understand DNA-protein interactions.
Author: Ambikaipakan Balasubramaniam
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 159259042X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
The observation that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the most abundant peptide present in the mammalian nervous system and the finding that it elicits the most powerful orexigenic signal have led to active investigations of the properties of the NPY family of hormones, including peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Nearly two decades of research have led to the identification of several NPY receptor subtypes and the development of useful receptor selective ligands. Moreover, these investigations have imp- cated NPY in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases, including feeding disorders, seizures, memory loss, anxiety, depression, and heart failure. Vigorous efforts are therefore continuing, not only to understand the bioche- cal aspects of NPY actions, but also toward developing NPY-based treatments for a variety of disorders. To facilitate these efforts, it was decided to produce the first handbook on NPY research techniques as part of the Methods in Molecular Biology Series. In compiling Neuropeptide Y Protocols, I have gathered contributions on techniques considered critical for the advancement of the NPY field from experts in various disciplines. Each chapter starts with a brief introduction, with Materials and Methods sections following. The latter sections are presented in an easy to follow step-by-step format. The last section of the chapter, Notes, highlights pitfalls and the maneuvers employed to overcome them. This information, not usually disseminated in standard research pub- cations, may prove extremely useful for investigators employing these te- niques in NYP research.
