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Author: Patrick Rabbitt
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135472025
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
This volume reflects the pressure to develop useful models and methodologies to study executive behaviour - the ability to update information in working memory in order to control selective attention to formulate plans of action and to monitor their efficient execution. Many models are based on the concept of a single "central executive" that manges these functions; others propose a number of independent "working memory systems" that each serve one task or activity but not others.; This book is a collection of essays by active researchers who discuss their own work on the definition of "executive" or "controlled" behaviours, and on the relation of these behaviours to specific areas of the frontal cortex. The papers are particularly concerned with logical difficulties that arise in defining these functions that lead, in turn, to methodological difficulties in studying them. In particular, they discuss such problems as the low test-re-test reliability of tasks that have been used to define and explore "executive" behaviours, the limited validity of these tasks in predicting performance deficits, the poor localization of the changes observed with respect to underlying brain function, and the relation of performance on these tasks to individual difference in performance on measures of "global" or "general" intellectual ability such as Spearman's 1927 gf.; The authors discuss their own research on the relations between cognitive function and neuropsychology, on changes in executive competence in conditions such as closed head injuries or dementias that may diffusely affect the whole brain, and on changes in executive function in normal old age.
Author: Patrick Rabbitt
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135472025
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
This volume reflects the pressure to develop useful models and methodologies to study executive behaviour - the ability to update information in working memory in order to control selective attention to formulate plans of action and to monitor their efficient execution. Many models are based on the concept of a single "central executive" that manges these functions; others propose a number of independent "working memory systems" that each serve one task or activity but not others.; This book is a collection of essays by active researchers who discuss their own work on the definition of "executive" or "controlled" behaviours, and on the relation of these behaviours to specific areas of the frontal cortex. The papers are particularly concerned with logical difficulties that arise in defining these functions that lead, in turn, to methodological difficulties in studying them. In particular, they discuss such problems as the low test-re-test reliability of tasks that have been used to define and explore "executive" behaviours, the limited validity of these tasks in predicting performance deficits, the poor localization of the changes observed with respect to underlying brain function, and the relation of performance on these tasks to individual difference in performance on measures of "global" or "general" intellectual ability such as Spearman's 1927 gf.; The authors discuss their own research on the relations between cognitive function and neuropsychology, on changes in executive competence in conditions such as closed head injuries or dementias that may diffusely affect the whole brain, and on changes in executive function in normal old age.
Author: Nelson Cowan
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317232380
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
Author: Patrick Doyle
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9781841699301
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
The First Annual Clinical Aphasiology Conference (CAC) was convened in Albuquerque in 1971. It was attended by a small group of primarily practicing clinicians dedicated to meeting the human service needs of their clients, while recognizing the importance of contributing to the collective knowledge base of their discipline by providing empirical evidence supporting the links between their clinical interventions and outcomes. Thirteen years later Barlow, Hays, and Nelson (1984) would describe, in their now seminal publication The Scientist Practitioner, an integrated model of applied behavioral research, its strategies and methods, and the role of the practitioner in the acquisition of knowledge directed toward improving clinical procedures and outcomes. By this time, 13 Volumes of CAC publications had already been published and comprised the single largest source of applied clinical data addressing the nature of aphasia and its clinical management. These documents represented the product of the scientist-practitioner model in action prior to its formalization by Barlow et al., and provide a rich source of evidence supporting the efficacy of aphasia rehabilitation. Unfortunately, these and subsequent CAC publications remain unavailable to the larger clinical and scientific community due to their limited distribution. Much has changed in the ensuing years. Indeed, many of the healthcare delivery systems in which aphasia rehabilitation is now practiced in 2002 severely restrict the frequency and duration of clinical services. Increasingly, practitioners are required to be more accountable for their clinical outcomes, and to measure behavioral change in units that represent meaningful differences to consumers. Now more than ever, it is critical that the scientist-practitioner model be promoted in order to better serve individuals with aphasia, and to further advance the collective knowledge and evidence base of the discipline. Now more than ever, the available evidence needs to be disseminated as broadly as possible. These goals are in keeping with the mission of CAC as envisioned by its founding members and remain the focused commitment of its many participants, steering committee and publication board. In keeping with these goals, the papers that appear in this special edition of Aphasiology were selected based upon their theoretical importance, clinical relevance, and scientific merit, from among the many platform and poster presentations comprising the 31st Annual Clinical Aphasiology Conference held in Santa Fe, New Mexico in 2001. Each paper was peer-reviewed by the Editorial Consultants and Associate Editors acknowledged herein consistent with the standards of Aphasiology and the rigours of merit review that represent this indexed, archival journal that is accessible to clinicians and scientists all over the world.
Author: Patrick Rabbitt
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135472033
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
This volume is a collection of essays by active researchers who discuss their own work on the definition of "executive" or "controlled" behaviours, and on the relation of these behaviours to specific areas of the frontal cortex.
Author: Scott J. Hunter
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139576682
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
Executive dysfunction occurs in many clinical conditions and has significant impact on multiple facets of life. This book summarizes executive function and dysfunction for practitioners, researchers and educators, covering lifespan development, assessment, impact and interventions. Drawing together clinical, neurobiological and developmental viewpoints, the authors summarize the latest research findings in practical and applied terms, and review conceptual approaches to assessing and identifying executive function and dysfunction. Several chapters are devoted to practical aspects of executive dysfunction, including research-based treatment strategies, educational implications, forensic cautions and intervention resources. Executive dysfunction in ADHD, LD, MR, autism, mood disorders, epilepsy, cancer and TBI is covered, with test performance, neuroimaging and clinical presentation for these clinical conditions. The book concludes with anticipation of future work in the field. This is a key reference for medical, psychological and educational professionals who work with children, adolescents and young adults in clinical and educational settings.
Author: Sam Goldstein
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461481066
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 565
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Book Description
Planning. Attention. Memory. Self-regulation. These and other core cognitive and behavioral operations of daily life comprise what we know as executive functioning (EF). But despite all we know, the concept has engendered multiple, often conflicting definitions and its components are sometimes loosely defined and poorly understood. The Handbook of Executive Functioning cuts through the confusion, analyzing both the whole and its parts in comprehensive, practical detail for scholar and clinician alike. Background chapters examine influential models of EF, tour the brain geography of the executive system and pose salient developmental questions. A section on practical implications relates early deficits in executive functioning to ADD and other disorders in children and considers autism and later-life dementias from an EF standpoint. Further chapters weigh the merits of widely used instruments for assessing executive functioning and review interventions for its enhancement, with special emphasis on children and adolescents. Featured in the Handbook: The development of hot and cool executive function in childhood and adolescence. A review of the use of executive function tasks in externalizing and internalizing disorders. Executive functioning as a mediator of age-related cognitive decline in adults. Treatment integrity in interventions that target executive function. Supporting and strengthening working memory in the classroom to enhance executive functioning. The Handbook of Executive Functioning is an essential resource for researchers, scientist-practitioners and graduate students in clinical child, school and educational psychology; child and adolescent psychiatry; neurobiology; developmental psychology; rehabilitation medicine/therapy and social work.
Author: P. M. A. Rabbitt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cognitive psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: James Russell
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 9780198523499
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
Autism continues to fascinate researchers because it is both debilitating in its effects and complex in its nature and origins. The prevalent theory is that autism is primarily characterised by difficulties in understanding mental concepts, but the contributors to this book present new andcompelling arguments for an alternative theory. Their research points strongly to the idea that autism is primarily a disorder of "executive functions", those involved in the control of action and thought. As such, the book provides a new and controversial perspective on this importantquestion.
Author: Peter W. Halligan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780198526544
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 418
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Book Description
"In this book, some of the leading clinicians and cognitive neuroscientists consider the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation. They situate the issues within an overall context that considers the different types and levels of diagnosis and assessment, the adequacy of underlying cognitive theory for rehabilitation, and more importantly, the clinical effectiveness of current treatments to improve functional recovery. By employing an evidence-based approach that critically evaluates the published literature, the book provides for a better understanding of the strengths and limitations of the cognitive approach and hopefully a more realistic expectation of its outcome for patients with neurological deficits." "The book will serve as a valuable source for a wide spectrum of professionals who deal with the neuropsychological and neurological effects of brain damage."--BOOK JACKET.
Author: Marjorie Taylor
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199909199
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 608
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Book Description
Children are widely celebrated for their imaginations, but developmental research on this topic has often been fragmented or narrowly focused on fantasy. However, there is growing appreciation for the role that imagination plays in cognitive and emotional development, as well as its link with children's understanding of the real world. With their imaginations, children mentally transcend time, place, and/or circumstance to think about what might have been, plan and anticipate the future, create fictional relationships and worlds, and consider alternatives to the actual experiences of their lives. The Oxford Handbook of the Development of Imagination provides a comprehensive overview of this broad new perspective by bringing together leading researchers whose findings are moving the study of imagination from the margins of mainstream psychology to a central role in current efforts to understand human thought. The topics covered include fantasy-reality distinctions, pretend play, magical thinking, narrative, anthropomorphism, counterfactual reasoning, mental time travel, creativity, paracosms, imaginary companions, imagination in non-human animals, the evolution of imagination, autism, dissociation, and the capacity to derive real life resilience from imaginative experiences. Many of the chapters include discussions of the educational, clinical, and legal implications of the research findings and special attention is given to suggestions for future research.
