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Author: Mohammad Naser
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Emergency management
Languages : en
Pages : 81
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Book Description
Modeling and developing different evacuation scenarios gained significant interest in recent years, where the management of the transportation system in support of evacuation efforts proved to be critical in mitigating the impacts of regional emergency events. However, most of the evacuation modeling efforts focused on large urban areas due to the recurrence of the regional emergency event, resources availability, and data availability. For urban areas that are classified as small- and medium-size metropolitan areas, confusion still exists at the metropolitan planning organization (MPO) level on how to develop effective and practical evacuation plans. This study aims to develop a methodology for supporting effective decision making and testing emergency scenarios while taking into account various factors and their effect on public safety. The focus of this study is on developing an evacuation model for urban areas utilizing the resources available to MPOs and obtaining local evacuation data, which include human behavior data from a local household survey. A case study is developed using Fargo-Moorhead Council of Government's travel demand model integrated with DYNASMART-P software. The modeling approach provides direct connectivity with the regional model, and the hybrid model incorporates a traffic generation component into the regional model along with dynamic supply.
Author: Mohammad Naser
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Emergency management
Languages : en
Pages : 81
Get Book Here
Book Description
Modeling and developing different evacuation scenarios gained significant interest in recent years, where the management of the transportation system in support of evacuation efforts proved to be critical in mitigating the impacts of regional emergency events. However, most of the evacuation modeling efforts focused on large urban areas due to the recurrence of the regional emergency event, resources availability, and data availability. For urban areas that are classified as small- and medium-size metropolitan areas, confusion still exists at the metropolitan planning organization (MPO) level on how to develop effective and practical evacuation plans. This study aims to develop a methodology for supporting effective decision making and testing emergency scenarios while taking into account various factors and their effect on public safety. The focus of this study is on developing an evacuation model for urban areas utilizing the resources available to MPOs and obtaining local evacuation data, which include human behavior data from a local household survey. A case study is developed using Fargo-Moorhead Council of Government's travel demand model integrated with DYNASMART-P software. The modeling approach provides direct connectivity with the regional model, and the hybrid model incorporates a traffic generation component into the regional model along with dynamic supply.
Author: Jony Alexander Zambrano Tapia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
In this work we integrate a macroscopic and microscopic model to evaluate the evacuation dynamics within a university campus in emergency scenarios. While the macroscopic approach is derived from an optimization model with an underlying network structure, the microscopic model is based on a discrete event simulation. In this way, we propose an iterative process, in which the output from one model is the input of the other one: the movement of the pedestrians through the optimization paths are simulated, resulting in new information about the transit time within the campus, which is used to execute the optimization model again. This process is iterated until a convergence of the optimization is achieved, producing a mesoscopic model that considers bottlenecks, flows direction, pedestrian speed variations, and congestion. The model performance is evaluated in a real instance of the university campus, resulting on an evacuation time that considers pedestrian interactions and more realistic evacuation dynamics in the studied network.
Author: C. A. Brebbia
Publisher: WIT Press
ISBN: 1853129836
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
As problems caused by environmental exploitation increase, related health issues are also becoming a source of major worldwide concern. Containing many of the papers presented at the Second International Conference on the Impact of Environmental Factors on Health, this volume includes contributions from a variety of different countries. These contributions report on studies carried out using modern scientific methodology in order to better understand, and try to eliminate or considerably reduce, hazardous factors from the environment and minimize associated health risks. A wide range of issues related to health risk are considered and the papers featured are divided into the following sections: Water Quality Issues; Air Pollution; Radiation Fields; Accident and Man-Made Risks; Aral Sea Problems; Risk Analysis; Analysis of Urban Road Transportation Systems in Emergency Conditions.
Author: Andreas Horni
Publisher: Ubiquity Press
ISBN: 190918876X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 620
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Book Description
The MATSim (Multi-Agent Transport Simulation) software project was started around 2006 with the goal of generating traffic and congestion patterns by following individual synthetic travelers through their daily or weekly activity programme. It has since then evolved from a collection of stand-alone C++ programs to an integrated Java-based framework which is publicly hosted, open-source available, automatically regression tested. It is currently used by about 40 groups throughout the world. This book takes stock of the current status. The first part of the book gives an introduction to the most important concepts, with the intention of enabling a potential user to set up and run basic simulations. The second part of the book describes how the basic functionality can be extended, for example by adding schedule-based public transit, electric or autonomous cars, paratransit, or within-day replanning. For each extension, the text provides pointers to the additional documentation and to the code base. It is also discussed how people with appropriate Java programming skills can write their own extensions, and plug them into the MATSim core. The project has started from the basic idea that traffic is a consequence of human behavior, and thus humans and their behavior should be the starting point of all modelling, and with the intuition that when simulations with 100 million particles are possible in computational physics, then behavior-oriented simulations with 10 million travelers should be possible in travel behavior research. The initial implementations thus combined concepts from computational physics and complex adaptive systems with concepts from travel behavior research. The third part of the book looks at theoretical concepts that are able to describe important aspects of the simulation system; for example, under certain conditions the code becomes a Monte Carlo engine sampling from a discrete choice model. Another important aspect is the interpretation of the MATSim score as utility in the microeconomic sense, opening up a connection to benefit cost analysis. Finally, the book collects use cases as they have been undertaken with MATSim. All current users of MATSim were invited to submit their work, and many followed with sometimes crisp and short and sometimes longer contributions, always with pointers to additional references. We hope that the book will become an invitation to explore, to build and to extend agent-based modeling of travel behavior from the stable and well tested core of MATSim documented here.
Author: Michael Behrisch
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662450798
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Urban Mobility, SUMO 2013, held in Berlin, Germany, in May 2013. The 12 revised full papers presented tin this book were carefully selected and reviewed from 22 submissions. The papers are organized in two topical sections: models and technical innovations and applications and surveys.
Author: Paul Brian Wolshon
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309098319
Category : Emergency transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
"TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 392: Transportation's Role in Emergency Evacuation and Reentry explores information on transportation's role in emergency evacuation and reentry by summarizing aspects of its planning, control, and research as well as highlighting effective and innovative practices"--Publisher's description.
Author: Jaume Barceló
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441961429
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
The increasing power of computer technologies, the evolution of software en- neering and the advent of the intelligent transport systems has prompted traf c simulation to become one of the most used approaches for traf c analysis in s- port of the design and evaluation of traf c systems. The ability of traf c simulation to emulate the time variability of traf c phenomena makes it a unique tool for capturing the complexity of traf c systems. In recent years, traf c simulation – and namely microscopic traf c simulation – has moved from the academic to the professional world. A wide variety of traf- c simulation software is currently available on the market and it is utilized by thousands of users, consultants, researchers and public agencies. Microscopic traf c simulation based on the emulation of traf c ows from the dynamics of individual vehicles is becoming one the most attractive approaches. However, traf c simulation still lacks a uni ed treatment. Dozens of papers on theory and applications are published in scienti c journals every year. A search of simulation-related papers and workshops through the proceedings of the last annual TRB meetings would support this assertion, as would a review of the minutes from speci cally dedicated meetings such as the International Symposiums on Traf c Simulation (Yokohama, 2002; Lausanne, 2006; Brisbane, 2008) or the International Workshops on Traf c Modeling and Simulation (Tucson, 2001; Barcelona, 2003; Sedona, 2005; Graz 2008). Yet, the only comprehensive treatment of the subject to be found so far is in the user’s manuals of various software products.
Author: Ulrich Weidmann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business
ISBN: 3319024477
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1380
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Book Description
The 6th International Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (PED2012) showcased research on human locomotion. This book presents the proceedings of PED2012. Humans have walked for eons; our drive to settle the globe began with a walk out of Africa. However, much remains to discover. As the world moves toward sustainability while racing to assess and accommodate climate change, research must provide insight on the physical requirements of walking, the dynamics of pedestrians on the move and more. We must understand, predict and simulate pedestrian behaviour, to avoid dangerous situations, to plan for emergencies, and not least, to make walking more attractive and enjoyable. PED2012 offered 70 presentations and keynote talks as well as 70 poster presentations covering new and improved mathematical models, describing new insights on pedestrian behaviour in normal and emergency cases and presenting research based on sensors and advanced observation methods. These papers offer a starting point for innovative new research, building a strong foundation for the next conference and for future research.
Author: Robert Tanton
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400746237
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
This book is a practical guide on how to design, create and validate a spatial microsimulation model. These models are becoming more popular as academics and policy makers recognise the value of place in research and policy making. Recent spatial microsimulation models have been used to analyse health and social disadvantage for small areas; and to look at the effect of policy change for small areas. This provides a powerful analysis tool for researchers and policy makers. This book covers preparing the data for spatial microsimulation; a number of methods for both static and dynamic spatial microsimulation models; validation of the models to ensure the outputs are reasonable; and the future of spatial microsimulation. The book will be an essential handbook for any researcher or policy maker looking to design and create a spatial microsimulation model. This book will also be useful to those policy makers who are commissioning a spatial microsimulation model, or looking to commission work using a spatial microsimulation model, as it provides information on the different methods in a non-technical way.
Author: Michael Patriksson
Publisher: Courier Dover Publications
ISBN: 0486802272
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
This monograph provides both a unified account of the development of models and methods for the problem of estimating equilibrium traffic flows in urban areas and a survey of the scope and limitations of present traffic models. The development is described and analyzed by the use of the powerful instruments of nonlinear optimization and mathematical programming within the field of operations research. The first part is devoted to mathematical models for the analysis of transportation network equilibria; the second deals with methods for traffic equilibrium problems. This title will interest readers wishing to extend their knowledge of equilibrium modeling and analysis and of the foundations of efficient optimization methods adapted for the solution of large-scale models. In addition to its value to researchers, the treatment is suitable for advanced graduate courses in transportation, operations research, and quantitative economics.
