Author: Kevin Tomossonie
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781735052212
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 318
Book Description
Practical, real-world advice and technical knowledge for corporate buyers who do M&A Did you ever do a search for the failure rate of M&A deals? Apparently, it's high. In fact, there are many studies that say M&A deals tend to fail a majority of the time, especially for corporate buyers. But are these statistics really true? Because if the majority of deals fail, then why would anyone keep doing them year after year? Does anyone do them right? Actually, a lot of people do them right. But if you believe the statistics, there seem to be a lot more people doing them wrong. The question is, how can buyers do deals the right way, so that they don't become just another statistic? This book answers that question and explains exactly how corporate buyers in particular can do deals the right way. Buyers who have the right mindset to approaching their deals, and a process that involves the right people with the right skills, are much more likely to have success in M&A. With that being said, this book contains practical real-world advice that has been applied in actual deals, and it provides the framework, best practices, and technical skills that are so important for executing successful deals and avoiding the failures. What's Inside Part one of the book provides a basic overview of the M&A market. It then turns its attention to the corporate buyer and explains some of the more common reasons why deals tend to fail for corporate buyers. From there, it provides a framework for these buyers to develop their own playbooks for approaching and executing deals in a consistent, reliable, and repeatable way. Part two of the book begins to cover some of the more technical details that a buyer should know when doing a deal. It explains in detail how M&A deals are structured and negotiated. It also points out where buyers need to be careful as they negotiate, so that they're choosing the right structures, keeping the economics of a deal fair, and aren't taking on any unnecessary risks. Part three of the book explains how businesses are valued, with a focus on the middle market where many businesses are privately owned. It explains purchase price multiples, discounted cash flow analysis, and how to measure returns. It also explains how accretion and dilution are created from a deal and why that's so important to a corporate buyer. Then, the book provides a framework so that buyers can use all of this information together in order to objectively decide for themselves what a business should be worth when negotiating a deal. Part four of the book covers some of the more advanced topics that buyers should be aware of when doing deals so that they don't run into unexpected surprises after a deal has closed. This includes explaining what a quality of earnings is, why it's important, and how it can affect a buyer's view on the valuation of a business, as well as how to navigate the complexities of carve-outs, cross-border transactions, structuring earn-outs, and valuing intangible assets. From having an appreciation for the mindset and process that goes into executing deals, to understanding how they're structured, negotiated, and valued, this book is intended to be the most useful, practical, and hands-on guide ever written for corporate buyers doing M&A deals in the middle market.
Mergers & Acquisitions
Author: Kevin Tomossonie
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781735052212
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 318
Book Description
Practical, real-world advice and technical knowledge for corporate buyers who do M&A Did you ever do a search for the failure rate of M&A deals? Apparently, it's high. In fact, there are many studies that say M&A deals tend to fail a majority of the time, especially for corporate buyers. But are these statistics really true? Because if the majority of deals fail, then why would anyone keep doing them year after year? Does anyone do them right? Actually, a lot of people do them right. But if you believe the statistics, there seem to be a lot more people doing them wrong. The question is, how can buyers do deals the right way, so that they don't become just another statistic? This book answers that question and explains exactly how corporate buyers in particular can do deals the right way. Buyers who have the right mindset to approaching their deals, and a process that involves the right people with the right skills, are much more likely to have success in M&A. With that being said, this book contains practical real-world advice that has been applied in actual deals, and it provides the framework, best practices, and technical skills that are so important for executing successful deals and avoiding the failures. What's Inside Part one of the book provides a basic overview of the M&A market. It then turns its attention to the corporate buyer and explains some of the more common reasons why deals tend to fail for corporate buyers. From there, it provides a framework for these buyers to develop their own playbooks for approaching and executing deals in a consistent, reliable, and repeatable way. Part two of the book begins to cover some of the more technical details that a buyer should know when doing a deal. It explains in detail how M&A deals are structured and negotiated. It also points out where buyers need to be careful as they negotiate, so that they're choosing the right structures, keeping the economics of a deal fair, and aren't taking on any unnecessary risks. Part three of the book explains how businesses are valued, with a focus on the middle market where many businesses are privately owned. It explains purchase price multiples, discounted cash flow analysis, and how to measure returns. It also explains how accretion and dilution are created from a deal and why that's so important to a corporate buyer. Then, the book provides a framework so that buyers can use all of this information together in order to objectively decide for themselves what a business should be worth when negotiating a deal. Part four of the book covers some of the more advanced topics that buyers should be aware of when doing deals so that they don't run into unexpected surprises after a deal has closed. This includes explaining what a quality of earnings is, why it's important, and how it can affect a buyer's view on the valuation of a business, as well as how to navigate the complexities of carve-outs, cross-border transactions, structuring earn-outs, and valuing intangible assets. From having an appreciation for the mindset and process that goes into executing deals, to understanding how they're structured, negotiated, and valued, this book is intended to be the most useful, practical, and hands-on guide ever written for corporate buyers doing M&A deals in the middle market.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781735052212
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 318
Book Description
Practical, real-world advice and technical knowledge for corporate buyers who do M&A Did you ever do a search for the failure rate of M&A deals? Apparently, it's high. In fact, there are many studies that say M&A deals tend to fail a majority of the time, especially for corporate buyers. But are these statistics really true? Because if the majority of deals fail, then why would anyone keep doing them year after year? Does anyone do them right? Actually, a lot of people do them right. But if you believe the statistics, there seem to be a lot more people doing them wrong. The question is, how can buyers do deals the right way, so that they don't become just another statistic? This book answers that question and explains exactly how corporate buyers in particular can do deals the right way. Buyers who have the right mindset to approaching their deals, and a process that involves the right people with the right skills, are much more likely to have success in M&A. With that being said, this book contains practical real-world advice that has been applied in actual deals, and it provides the framework, best practices, and technical skills that are so important for executing successful deals and avoiding the failures. What's Inside Part one of the book provides a basic overview of the M&A market. It then turns its attention to the corporate buyer and explains some of the more common reasons why deals tend to fail for corporate buyers. From there, it provides a framework for these buyers to develop their own playbooks for approaching and executing deals in a consistent, reliable, and repeatable way. Part two of the book begins to cover some of the more technical details that a buyer should know when doing a deal. It explains in detail how M&A deals are structured and negotiated. It also points out where buyers need to be careful as they negotiate, so that they're choosing the right structures, keeping the economics of a deal fair, and aren't taking on any unnecessary risks. Part three of the book explains how businesses are valued, with a focus on the middle market where many businesses are privately owned. It explains purchase price multiples, discounted cash flow analysis, and how to measure returns. It also explains how accretion and dilution are created from a deal and why that's so important to a corporate buyer. Then, the book provides a framework so that buyers can use all of this information together in order to objectively decide for themselves what a business should be worth when negotiating a deal. Part four of the book covers some of the more advanced topics that buyers should be aware of when doing deals so that they don't run into unexpected surprises after a deal has closed. This includes explaining what a quality of earnings is, why it's important, and how it can affect a buyer's view on the valuation of a business, as well as how to navigate the complexities of carve-outs, cross-border transactions, structuring earn-outs, and valuing intangible assets. From having an appreciation for the mindset and process that goes into executing deals, to understanding how they're structured, negotiated, and valued, this book is intended to be the most useful, practical, and hands-on guide ever written for corporate buyers doing M&A deals in the middle market.
Mergers & Acquisitions: Crushing It as a Corporate Buyer in the Middle Market
Author: Kevin Tomossonie
Publisher: Rock Center Financial Partners, LLC
ISBN: 1735052221
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 314
Book Description
Practical, real-world advice and technical knowledge for corporate buyers who do M&A Did you ever do a search for the failure rate of M&A deals? Apparently, it’s high. In fact, there are many studies that say M&A deals tend to fail a majority of the time, especially for corporate buyers. But are these statistics really true? Because if the majority of deals fail, then why would anyone keep doing them year after year? Does anyone do them right? Actually, a lot of people do them right. But if you believe the statistics, there seem to be a lot more people doing them wrong. The question is, how can buyers do deals the right way, so that they don’t become just another statistic? This book answers that question and explains exactly how corporate buyers in particular can do deals the right way. Buyers who have the right mindset to approaching their deals, and a process that involves the right people with the right skills, are much more likely to have success in M&A. With that being said, this book contains practical real-world advice that has been applied in actual deals, and it provides the framework, best practices, and technical skills that are so important for executing successful deals and avoiding the failures. What’s Inside Part one of the book provides a basic overview of the M&A market. It then turns its attention to the corporate buyer and explains some of the more common reasons why deals tend to fail for corporate buyers. From there, it provides a framework for these buyers to develop their own playbooks for approaching and executing deals in a consistent, reliable, and repeatable way. Part two of the book begins to cover some of the more technical details that a buyer should know when doing a deal. It explains in detail how M&A deals are structured and negotiated. It also points out where buyers need to be careful as they negotiate, so that they’re choosing the right structures, keeping the economics of a deal fair, and aren’t taking on any unnecessary risks. Part three of the book explains how businesses are valued, with a focus on the middle market where many businesses are privately owned. It explains purchase price multiples, discounted cash flow analysis, and how to measure returns. It also explains how accretion and dilution are created from a deal and why that’s so important to a corporate buyer. Then, the book provides a framework so that buyers can use all of this information together in order to objectively decide for themselves what a business should be worth when negotiating a deal. Part four of the book covers some of the more advanced topics that buyers should be aware of when doing deals so that they don’t run into unexpected surprises after a deal has closed. This includes explaining what a quality of earnings is, why it’s important, and how it can affect a buyer’s view on the valuation of a business, as well as how to navigate the complexities of carve-outs, cross-border transactions, structuring earn-outs, and valuing intangible assets. From having an appreciation for the mindset and process that goes into executing deals, to understanding how they’re structured, negotiated, and valued, this book is intended to be the most useful, practical, and hands-on guide ever written for corporate buyers doing M&A deals in the middle market.
Publisher: Rock Center Financial Partners, LLC
ISBN: 1735052221
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 314
Book Description
Practical, real-world advice and technical knowledge for corporate buyers who do M&A Did you ever do a search for the failure rate of M&A deals? Apparently, it’s high. In fact, there are many studies that say M&A deals tend to fail a majority of the time, especially for corporate buyers. But are these statistics really true? Because if the majority of deals fail, then why would anyone keep doing them year after year? Does anyone do them right? Actually, a lot of people do them right. But if you believe the statistics, there seem to be a lot more people doing them wrong. The question is, how can buyers do deals the right way, so that they don’t become just another statistic? This book answers that question and explains exactly how corporate buyers in particular can do deals the right way. Buyers who have the right mindset to approaching their deals, and a process that involves the right people with the right skills, are much more likely to have success in M&A. With that being said, this book contains practical real-world advice that has been applied in actual deals, and it provides the framework, best practices, and technical skills that are so important for executing successful deals and avoiding the failures. What’s Inside Part one of the book provides a basic overview of the M&A market. It then turns its attention to the corporate buyer and explains some of the more common reasons why deals tend to fail for corporate buyers. From there, it provides a framework for these buyers to develop their own playbooks for approaching and executing deals in a consistent, reliable, and repeatable way. Part two of the book begins to cover some of the more technical details that a buyer should know when doing a deal. It explains in detail how M&A deals are structured and negotiated. It also points out where buyers need to be careful as they negotiate, so that they’re choosing the right structures, keeping the economics of a deal fair, and aren’t taking on any unnecessary risks. Part three of the book explains how businesses are valued, with a focus on the middle market where many businesses are privately owned. It explains purchase price multiples, discounted cash flow analysis, and how to measure returns. It also explains how accretion and dilution are created from a deal and why that’s so important to a corporate buyer. Then, the book provides a framework so that buyers can use all of this information together in order to objectively decide for themselves what a business should be worth when negotiating a deal. Part four of the book covers some of the more advanced topics that buyers should be aware of when doing deals so that they don’t run into unexpected surprises after a deal has closed. This includes explaining what a quality of earnings is, why it’s important, and how it can affect a buyer’s view on the valuation of a business, as well as how to navigate the complexities of carve-outs, cross-border transactions, structuring earn-outs, and valuing intangible assets. From having an appreciation for the mindset and process that goes into executing deals, to understanding how they’re structured, negotiated, and valued, this book is intended to be the most useful, practical, and hands-on guide ever written for corporate buyers doing M&A deals in the middle market.
Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Restructurings
Author: Patrick A. Gaughan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119380731
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 819
Book Description
The essential M&A primer, updated with the latest research and statistics Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Restructurings provides a comprehensive look at the field's growth and development, and places M&As in realistic context amidst changing trends, legislation, and global perspectives. All-inclusive coverage merges expert discussion with extensive graphs, research, and case studies to show how M&As can be used successfully, how each form works, and how they are governed by the laws of major countries. Strategies and motives are carefully analyzed alongside legalities each step of the way, and specific techniques are dissected to provide deep insight into real-world operations. This new seventh edition has been revised to improve clarity and approachability, and features the latest research and data to provide the most accurate assessment of the current M&A landscape. Ancillary materials include PowerPoint slides, a sample syllabus, and a test bank to facilitate training and streamline comprehension. As the global economy slows, merger and acquisition activity is expected to increase. This book provides an M&A primer for business executives and financial managers seeking a deeper understanding of how corporate restructuring can work for their companies. Understand the many forms of M&As, and the laws that govern them Learn the offensive and defensive techniques used during hostile acquisitions Delve into the strategies and motives that inspire M&As Access the latest data, research, and case studies on private equity, ethics, corporate governance, and more From large megadeals to various forms of downsizing, a full range of restructuring practices are currently being used to revitalize and supercharge companies around the world. Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Restructurings is an essential resource for executives needing to quickly get up to date to plan their own company's next moves.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119380731
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 819
Book Description
The essential M&A primer, updated with the latest research and statistics Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Restructurings provides a comprehensive look at the field's growth and development, and places M&As in realistic context amidst changing trends, legislation, and global perspectives. All-inclusive coverage merges expert discussion with extensive graphs, research, and case studies to show how M&As can be used successfully, how each form works, and how they are governed by the laws of major countries. Strategies and motives are carefully analyzed alongside legalities each step of the way, and specific techniques are dissected to provide deep insight into real-world operations. This new seventh edition has been revised to improve clarity and approachability, and features the latest research and data to provide the most accurate assessment of the current M&A landscape. Ancillary materials include PowerPoint slides, a sample syllabus, and a test bank to facilitate training and streamline comprehension. As the global economy slows, merger and acquisition activity is expected to increase. This book provides an M&A primer for business executives and financial managers seeking a deeper understanding of how corporate restructuring can work for their companies. Understand the many forms of M&As, and the laws that govern them Learn the offensive and defensive techniques used during hostile acquisitions Delve into the strategies and motives that inspire M&As Access the latest data, research, and case studies on private equity, ethics, corporate governance, and more From large megadeals to various forms of downsizing, a full range of restructuring practices are currently being used to revitalize and supercharge companies around the world. Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Restructurings is an essential resource for executives needing to quickly get up to date to plan their own company's next moves.
Mergers, Acquisitions, and Other Restructuring Activities
Author: Donald DePamphilis
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123854857
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 784
Book Description
Two strengths distinguish this textbook from others. One is its presentation of subjects in the contexts wherein they occur. The other is its use of current events. Other improvements have shortened and simplified chapters, increased the numbers and types of pedagogical supplements, and expanded the international appeal of examples.
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123854857
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 784
Book Description
Two strengths distinguish this textbook from others. One is its presentation of subjects in the contexts wherein they occur. The other is its use of current events. Other improvements have shortened and simplified chapters, increased the numbers and types of pedagogical supplements, and expanded the international appeal of examples.
Mergers & Acquisitions
Author: Dennis J. Roberts
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470262109
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 452
Book Description
This book was designed not only for owners and managers of middle market businesses but as a training text for middle market M&A investment bankers and consultants. It discusses the art and science of middle market M&A as well the all-important psychology and behind-the-scenes negotiations pursued with a particular emphasis on obtaining the absolute highest value when selling a business. Subjects addressed include valuation, taxation, negotiations, M&A conventions, among many others from the buy-side and sell-side perspectives. Subtitled “Tales of A Deal Junkie,” this serious but occasionally irreverent book tells it like it is, including anecdotes to provide a “feel” for what really goes on in middle market transactions. The author, a former practicing CPA and a business valuation expert, is a veteran M&A investment banker with years of real life experience. He also is a widely-acclaimed instructor in the M&A field and a nationally-respected practitioner who has trained thousands of investment bankers. No comparable book on the market today provides this degree of comprehensive and invaluable insight.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470262109
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 452
Book Description
This book was designed not only for owners and managers of middle market businesses but as a training text for middle market M&A investment bankers and consultants. It discusses the art and science of middle market M&A as well the all-important psychology and behind-the-scenes negotiations pursued with a particular emphasis on obtaining the absolute highest value when selling a business. Subjects addressed include valuation, taxation, negotiations, M&A conventions, among many others from the buy-side and sell-side perspectives. Subtitled “Tales of A Deal Junkie,” this serious but occasionally irreverent book tells it like it is, including anecdotes to provide a “feel” for what really goes on in middle market transactions. The author, a former practicing CPA and a business valuation expert, is a veteran M&A investment banker with years of real life experience. He also is a widely-acclaimed instructor in the M&A field and a nationally-respected practitioner who has trained thousands of investment bankers. No comparable book on the market today provides this degree of comprehensive and invaluable insight.
Cases in Corporate Acquisitions, Buyouts, Mergers, and Takeovers
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Consolidation and merger of corporations
Languages : en
Pages : 1542
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Consolidation and merger of corporations
Languages : en
Pages : 1542
Book Description
The Great Transformation of 2021
Author: Norman Poire
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 0557948908
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 220
Book Description
The decade of the 2020s promises to be as dynamic as any in recorded history. Those ten years will be characterized by an unprecedented commingling of an extremely rare confluence of social cycles with the three ingredients of the looming Sustainability Crisis - overpopulation, peak oil, and global climate change.Out of the ashes will arise the Great Transformation of 2021 - a cultural upheaval at least as significant as the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century. It is unlikely that either capitalism or the nation-state will survive it, and quite likely that the United States will descend into permanent decline because of it.The Great Transformation of 2021 will present mankind with challenges of historic proportions. If global society makes the right choices, the world could come out a better place on the other side. If it chooses wrongly, a nightmarish existence - if not outright human extinction - will be the consequence.
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 0557948908
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 220
Book Description
The decade of the 2020s promises to be as dynamic as any in recorded history. Those ten years will be characterized by an unprecedented commingling of an extremely rare confluence of social cycles with the three ingredients of the looming Sustainability Crisis - overpopulation, peak oil, and global climate change.Out of the ashes will arise the Great Transformation of 2021 - a cultural upheaval at least as significant as the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century. It is unlikely that either capitalism or the nation-state will survive it, and quite likely that the United States will descend into permanent decline because of it.The Great Transformation of 2021 will present mankind with challenges of historic proportions. If global society makes the right choices, the world could come out a better place on the other side. If it chooses wrongly, a nightmarish existence - if not outright human extinction - will be the consequence.
Exit Rich
Author: Michelle Seiler Tucker
Publisher: Greenleaf Book Group
ISBN: 1732510296
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 366
Book Description
Too many entrepreneurs push off planning for the sale of their business until the last moment. But for a business to sell for what it’s really worth—or even more—owners need to prepare for the sale from the very start. In Exit Rich, author and mergers and acquisitions authority Michelle Seiler Tucker joins forces with Sharon Lechter, finance expert and author of Rich Dad Poor Dad, to create a must-have guide for all business owners—whether they’re gearing up to sell a business now or just getting started building out their company into something to sell for a profit in the future. Seiler Tucker’s twofold approach to selling your business for maximum profit combines two of the most powerful elements of her mergers and acquisitions toolkit: the “ST GPS Exit Model” to help business owners set goals for the sale before their business hit the market, and the “6 P Method” to help them objectively evaluate their business’s worth, before their potential buyers do. Combined, these tools provide invaluable insight into the process of preparing a business for sale, finding the right buyers, and staging the sale itself. Throughout the book, Sharon Lechter’s wisdom peppers each chapter in the “Mentoring Corner” section, providing forward-thinking entrepreneurs with the perspective that they need to take control of their business’s future and exit rich. This book is a rich resource for any business owner looking to: • Objectively evaluate their business before a sale • Improve their chances of finding the right buyer • Sell their business for maximum profit
Publisher: Greenleaf Book Group
ISBN: 1732510296
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 366
Book Description
Too many entrepreneurs push off planning for the sale of their business until the last moment. But for a business to sell for what it’s really worth—or even more—owners need to prepare for the sale from the very start. In Exit Rich, author and mergers and acquisitions authority Michelle Seiler Tucker joins forces with Sharon Lechter, finance expert and author of Rich Dad Poor Dad, to create a must-have guide for all business owners—whether they’re gearing up to sell a business now or just getting started building out their company into something to sell for a profit in the future. Seiler Tucker’s twofold approach to selling your business for maximum profit combines two of the most powerful elements of her mergers and acquisitions toolkit: the “ST GPS Exit Model” to help business owners set goals for the sale before their business hit the market, and the “6 P Method” to help them objectively evaluate their business’s worth, before their potential buyers do. Combined, these tools provide invaluable insight into the process of preparing a business for sale, finding the right buyers, and staging the sale itself. Throughout the book, Sharon Lechter’s wisdom peppers each chapter in the “Mentoring Corner” section, providing forward-thinking entrepreneurs with the perspective that they need to take control of their business’s future and exit rich. This book is a rich resource for any business owner looking to: • Objectively evaluate their business before a sale • Improve their chances of finding the right buyer • Sell their business for maximum profit
The Antitrust Paradox
Author: Robert Bork
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781736089712
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 536
Book Description
The most important book on antitrust ever written. It shows how antitrust suits adversely affect the consumer by encouraging a costly form of protection for inefficient and uncompetitive small businesses.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781736089712
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 536
Book Description
The most important book on antitrust ever written. It shows how antitrust suits adversely affect the consumer by encouraging a costly form of protection for inefficient and uncompetitive small businesses.
Mergers and Acquisitions from A to Z
Author: Andrew J. Sherman
Publisher: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn
ISBN: 9780814403761
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 302
Book Description
A business lawyer demystifies mergers and acquisitions (MandA) and shows both buyers and sellers how to succeed in this complicated transaction. He explains each step of the MandA process in jargon-free language, calling attention to potential pitfalls and obstacles and dealing with both sides' needs and objectives. Topics include methods for finding suitable acquisition candidates, exercising proper due diligence, bidding negotiations, and legal, strategic, tax, and regulatory issues. Includes sample documents and examples. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Publisher: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn
ISBN: 9780814403761
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 302
Book Description
A business lawyer demystifies mergers and acquisitions (MandA) and shows both buyers and sellers how to succeed in this complicated transaction. He explains each step of the MandA process in jargon-free language, calling attention to potential pitfalls and obstacles and dealing with both sides' needs and objectives. Topics include methods for finding suitable acquisition candidates, exercising proper due diligence, bidding negotiations, and legal, strategic, tax, and regulatory issues. Includes sample documents and examples. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR