Mercury in Extraction and Refining Process of Crude Oil and Natural Gas PDF Download
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Author: Gerard Subirachs Sanchez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Crude oil and natural gas are predominantly composed by hydrocarbon atoms, water and a wide spectrum of elements at low levels such as arsenic, vanadium and mercury. The presence of mercury in crude oil and natural gas varies in each stage of extraction and transformation process because it distributes unequally among the vapour, condensate and aqueous phase in function of the pressure and temperature. Mercury causes a wide range of problems for refiners as for example: equipment degradation, toxic waste generation, health impacts and poisoning of catalysts. In order to remove the contaminant, there are different technologies based on adsorption, chemical oxidation, precipitation or ion exchange treatments. The use of each one depends on the concentration and the physical and chemical state of mercury in crude oil or natural gas.
Author: Gerard Subirachs Sanchez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Crude oil and natural gas are predominantly composed by hydrocarbon atoms, water and a wide spectrum of elements at low levels such as arsenic, vanadium and mercury. The presence of mercury in crude oil and natural gas varies in each stage of extraction and transformation process because it distributes unequally among the vapour, condensate and aqueous phase in function of the pressure and temperature. Mercury causes a wide range of problems for refiners as for example: equipment degradation, toxic waste generation, health impacts and poisoning of catalysts. In order to remove the contaminant, there are different technologies based on adsorption, chemical oxidation, precipitation or ion exchange treatments. The use of each one depends on the concentration and the physical and chemical state of mercury in crude oil or natural gas.
Author: John Gilkeson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mercury
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Book Description
Author: Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443192243
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications is a comprehensive eight-volume set of books that discusses in detail the theoretical basics and practical methods of various aspects of natural gas from exploration and extraction, to synthesizing, processing and purifying, producing valuable chemicals and energy. The volumes introduce transportation and storage challenges as well as hydrates formation, extraction, and prevention. Volume 5 titled Natural Gas Impurities and Condensates Removal comprehensively discusses the characteristics and properties of natural gas condensates and dehydrated non-acidic impurities. The book describes related environmental challenges, removal standards, policies and regulations as well as economic assessment. It covers particulates (such as aerosols, arsenic, etc.) and condensates removal techniques from natural gas as well as mercury, nitrogen and helium removal from natural gas by absorption, adsorption and membrane-based processes. Introduces different impurities and condensates of natural gas with their characteristics Includes common methods for particulates and condensates removal from natural gas such as adsorption, absorption and cryogenic techniques Describes various membrane technologies for particulates and condensates removal from natural gas
Author: Havard Devold
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1105538648
Category : Gas fields
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
Author: SM. Wilhelm
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fuel
Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Book Description
Sampling and analytical procedures used to determine total mercury content in crude oils were examined. Three analytical methods were compared with respect to accuracy, precision, and detection limit. The combustion method (U.S. EPA 7473 hybrid) and a commercial extraction method (non-standard) were found adequate to provide a good combination of sensitivity and accuracy, while instrumental neutron activation analysis was found to suffer from interferences from elements other than mercury (Ni, Se) that are typically found in crude oil. Aliquot removal and processing steps were found to be important to accuracy and precision of the combustion method. Potential errors caused by incomplete homogenization and loss of volatile mercury were investigated in detail. Homogenization of oils that contain suspended mercury compounds was found important to allow retrieval of representative aliquots for analysis. Ultrasonication at slightly elevated temperature yielded the more reproducible and higher magnitude results. It was discovered that volatile mercury can be lost from sample containers when they are opened to remove aliquots. Alternative sample containers and aliquot removal techniques were developed that minimized loss of volatile mercury. Speciation experiments were utilized to determine the identity of volatile species and the rates at which they are lost from containers. Both elemental mercury and dimethylmercury were identified as volatile mercury components of one freshly sampled crude oil.
Author: S. Mark Wilhelm
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mercury
Languages : en
Pages : 69
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Author: S. Mark Wilhelm
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mercury
Languages : en
Pages : 69
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Book Description
Author: Ramasamy Marappa Gounder
Publisher:
ISBN: 1839684097
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
Author: Mohamed Farouk Ezzeldin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The presence of Hg in natural gas and gas condensate is termed as a "critical severity risk", according to health and safety regulation of the petroleum industry. Mercury affects the gas processing plants as well as refinery industries; damaging heat exchanger, poisoning the catalysts and increases the exposure risk to the field workers. Consequently, in order to establish a data base project to assess both the total mercury content and/or the dominants species for certain production field, alongside with mercury distribution within a natural gas processing plant or petrochemical industries, it is vital to develop and establish a reliable, low cost, time saving and applicable method(s) to be used in oil and gas industry as a routine method, if possible. Hence, the current study primarily aimed to follow the distribution of mercury, as a total and species, within Obaiyed plant (Egypt) as a model of natural gas processing factory. Then the second phase of this work has been devoted to conduct an environmental visibility study to develop reliable and convenient methods to measure and speciate mercury on polluted crops due to industrial waste. This part of study was followed by a screening analysis for commercial rice samples represent the product of different world regions including Egypt.
Author: B. P. Hollebone
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mercury
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
