Meloidogyne Incognita Resistance Qtls in Upland Cotton Have Different Effects on Nematode Development, But Do Not Affect Fusarium Wilt Severity PDF Download
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Author: Mychele Batista Da Silva
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
The germplasm sources highly resistant to Meloidogyne incognita (Southern root-knot nematode) in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) contain the resistance QTLs qMI-C11 and qMi-C14. Previous research documented resistance expressed at two stages of nematode development, and later research documented an epistatic interaction between the two QTLs, both of which suggest the QTLs have different modes of action. Our experiments demonstrated that qMi-C11 reduces the number of galls and egg masses, total egg production, and eggs/egg mass whereas qMi-C14 reduces the number of egg masses, total egg production, and eggs/egg mass without reducing galling. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov) interacts with M. incognita resulting in increased Fusarium wilt (FW), therefore, we tested the effect of the nematode resistance QTLs on the severity of FW. A reduction of plant growth and an increase in FW severity was seen on all genotypes regardless of nematode resistance QTLs when coinfected with Fov and M. incognita. FW has been reported more frequently in Georgia in recent years, which suggests that something affecting the disease complex may have changed. In 2015 and 2016, a survey of Georgia cotton fields was conducted. The survey showed that Fov race 1 is still the dominant race, but Fov genotypes not previously reported in Georgia were found. Additionally, many instances of FW in Georgia are due to Fov interacting with Belonolaimus longicaudatus and not M. incognita as previously believed.
Author: Mychele Batista Da Silva
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
The germplasm sources highly resistant to Meloidogyne incognita (Southern root-knot nematode) in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) contain the resistance QTLs qMI-C11 and qMi-C14. Previous research documented resistance expressed at two stages of nematode development, and later research documented an epistatic interaction between the two QTLs, both of which suggest the QTLs have different modes of action. Our experiments demonstrated that qMi-C11 reduces the number of galls and egg masses, total egg production, and eggs/egg mass whereas qMi-C14 reduces the number of egg masses, total egg production, and eggs/egg mass without reducing galling. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov) interacts with M. incognita resulting in increased Fusarium wilt (FW), therefore, we tested the effect of the nematode resistance QTLs on the severity of FW. A reduction of plant growth and an increase in FW severity was seen on all genotypes regardless of nematode resistance QTLs when coinfected with Fov and M. incognita. FW has been reported more frequently in Georgia in recent years, which suggests that something affecting the disease complex may have changed. In 2015 and 2016, a survey of Georgia cotton fields was conducted. The survey showed that Fov race 1 is still the dominant race, but Fov genotypes not previously reported in Georgia were found. Additionally, many instances of FW in Georgia are due to Fov interacting with Belonolaimus longicaudatus and not M. incognita as previously believed.
Author: Amanda Gaudin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum ) is an important fiber crop grown throughout the southern United States. Plant-pathogenic nematodes are worm-like animals that feed on the roots of most agronomic crops, including cotton. The southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita, RKN) and the reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis, RN) cause significant yield losses in cotton every year. Current sources of resistance are effective but limited, therefore historical screenings of cotton accessions were revisited in search for novel resistance sources. None were identified but many of the screened accessions possessed markers of known root-knot nematode and reniform nematode resistance. The emerging guava root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne enterolobii, GRKN) is a risk for upland cotton production, and identifying host plant resistance would greatly reduce the yield losses for growers. Assays were conducted on the currently available RN and RKN resistance sources inoculated with GRKN. No known nematode resistance gene suppressed GRKN infection, indicating that work must be done to protect crops from the eventual discovery of GRKN in Mississippi fields. Using the same resistance sources, tests were conducted to determine if the currently available resistances to RKN and RN offer any suppression of secondary infection of non-target nematode species for resistance. This is referred to as systemic acquired resistance, which is the induction of non-specific plant defense. Assays found that early inoculation with the nematode targeted by resistance did not effect infection by a secondary nematode species.
Author: Jianbing Ma
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267549969
Category : Cotton
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, and the seedling pathogen, Thielaviopsis basicola, commonly co-exist in Arkansas cotton fields and may interact resulting in increased losses. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of soil physical parameters on these soilborne pathogens and cotton growth in controlled environmental, field, and microplot studies. Controlled environmental experiments used two soil bulk densities and four pathogen treatments: non-infested soil, soil infested with M. incognita or T. basicola and soil infested with both pathogens. The results indicated bulk density generally did not affect seedling growth or disease since soils had low penetration resistance under well-watered conditions. The combination of M. incognita with T. basicola reduced seedling stands and root volume more than either pathogen alone. Both M. incognita and T. basicola reduced root topological characters, but only M. incognita changed the root topological index. The effects of subsoiling and application of the nematicide 1,3-dichloropropene (Telone II®) on root system development and plant growth were investigated from 2009 to 2011 in a cotton field in northeastern Arkansas. Subsoiling did not consistently affect early season growth. Nematicide treatment consistently improved seedling growth for one or more parameters in 2010 and 2011. Root galling and the population of M. incognita were suppressed by Telone II®. Neither subsoiling nor nematicide application affected cotton development or root topology. The effects of a soil hard pan (HP) and M. incognita on cotton root architecture and plant growth were evaluated in a microplot study in 2010 and 2011 at Hope, Arkansas. An artificial HP was created 20 cm below the soil surface in half of the microplots. Pathogen treatments included soil infested with T. basicola plus four different M. incognita levels (0, 4, 8, 12 eggs/cm3 soil). Generally, soil HP improved seedling growth due to higher soil water contents above the HP layer. M. incognita reduced taproot length, delayed cotton maturity and reduced seed cotton yield. Root topology provides a new approach to quantify the changes caused by soilborne pathogens and soil physical factors and will help in crop management in the future.
Author: Jaacov Katan
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849368684
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Soil Solarization describes the principles and technology of soil solarization and the use of soil solarization for different crops and cropping systems. The book evaluates and interprets the extensive amount of literature available on soil solarization in relation to climatic effects and changes in populations of soil-borne microorganisms and weeds. It also compares the advantages and disadvantages of soil solarization with other methods of soil disinfestation, such as soil steaming and fumigation. Soil Solarization explores the effects of soil solarization, covering such points as biological control, changes in soil chemistry involving mineral elements, as well as other changes, such as soil salinity and soil structure. It is suitable for solarizers, researchers working with soil-borne pathogens and soil microbiology, plant protection experts, and other plant researchers and extension specialists.
Author: Khawar Jabran
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119385512
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 435
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Book Description
Provides a comprehensive overview of the role of cotton in the economy and cotton production around the world This book offers a complete look at the world’s largest fiber crop: cotton. It examines its effect on the global economy—its uses and products, harvesting and processing, as well as the major challenges and their solutions, recent trends, and modern technologies involved in worldwide production of cotton. Cotton Production presents recent developments achieved by major cotton producing regions around the world, including China, India, USA, Pakistan, Turkey and Europe, South America, Central Asia, and Australia. In addition to origin and history, it discusses the recent advances in management practices, as well as the agronomic challenges and the solutions in the major cotton producing areas of the world. Keeping a focus on global context, the book provides sufficient details regarding the management of cotton crops. These details are not limited to the choice of cultivar, soil management, fertilizer and water management, pest control, cotton harvesting, and processing. The first book to cover all aspects of cotton production in a global context Details the role of cotton in the economy, the uses and products of cotton, and its harvesting and processing Discusses the current state of cotton management practices and issues within and around the world’s cotton producing areas Provides insight into the ways to improve cotton productivity in order to keep pace with the growing needs of an increasing population Cotton Production is an essential book for students taking courses in agronomy and cropping systems as well as a reference for agricultural advisors, extension specialists, and professionals throughout the industry.
Author: M. Rafiq Chaudhry
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780970491831
Category : Cotton
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Author: Zulqurnain Khan
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000535622
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 533
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Book Description
Cotton Breeding and Biotechnology presents information on one of the most economically important crops of the world, cotton. This book contains chapters on the history of cotton; breeding approaches; technologies for increasing germination, crop growth and yield; and fiber quality issues. It emphasizes sustainable development in the cotton industry analysing the progress of breeding technologies under environmental adversity. The book explores the national and global status of cotton crop, including cotton production, possible impacts of climate change, and the vulnerability of cotton to pest infestations and disease attacks. Features Focuses on cotton breeding and biotechnology Proposes ideas, data, and strategies to mount breeding programs for enhancing cotton production Details strategies for cotton quality improvement against abiotic and biotic stresses Emphasizes the revival of cotton in Pakistan and South Asian region This book is useful to researchers, cotton breeders and growers, farmers, and the agriculture industry.
Author: Allen V. Barker
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420014870
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 662
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Book Description
The burgeoning demand on the world food supply, coupled with concern over the use of chemical fertilizers, has led to an accelerated interest in the practice of precision agriculture. This practice involves the careful control and monitoring of plant nutrition to maximize the rate of growth and yield of crops, as well as their nutritional value.
Author: M. Wajid Khan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401114889
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
Nematode interactions are important biological phenomena and of great significance in agriculture. It is a fascinating subject which is multidisciplinary by nature, and concerns any scientist involved with plant health. There have been marked advances in our knowledge of various aspects of the subject in the last two decades. This study area has been the subject of several reviews, but there was no exclusive text on the subject. This has stressed the need to document the information, developing a unifying theme which treated nematode interactions in a holistic manner. This book is about the inter action of plant-parasitic nematodes with other plant pathogens or root symbionts, the nature of their associations, their impact on the host and con sequential interactive effects on the involved organisms. Since nematodes are at the centre of the theme, the responsibility of understanding of other plant pathogens dealt with in this book is largely delegated to the reader. I have limited the book content to interactions with biotic pathogens and root symbionts only, for various reasons. The book embodies 16 chapters, and attempts to present balanced infor mation on various aspects of nematode interactions with other plant pathogens and root symbionts. Some chapters describe general aspects of the subject. Interactions of nematodes with specific groups of organisms are addressed in the remaining chapters.
Author: Th. Jacobs
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401120048
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 370
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Book Description
From February 24 -28, 1992 an international symposium on Durability of Disease Resistance was held at the International Agricultural Centre in Wageningen, the Netherlands. The symposium, organized by the Department of Plant Breeding of Wageningen Agricultural University and the Centre for Plant Breeding and Repro duction Research, CPRO-DLO, was part of the DGIS funded programme Durable Resistance in Developing Countries. Without any form of prevention or protection nearly all crops will be seriously or even severely damaged by a range of pathogens. In modern agriculture man has been able to control many if not most pathogens using i) pesticides, ii) phyto sanitary methods such as control of seed and plant material in order to start a crop disease free, iii) agronomic measures such as crop rotation, iv) disease resis tance or combinations of these measures. Over the years the use of pesticides has increased enormously and so did the pro blems associated with pesticide use, such as environmental pollution and building of resistance and tolerance to these pesticides in the pathogens. The use of resis tance too increased strongly over the years and here too problems arose.
