MEETING REPORT ON ASSESSMENT OF WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION HIV DRUG RESISTANCE EARLY WARNING INDICATORS: Report of the Early Warning Indicator Advisory Panel Meeting PDF Download
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Author: world health organization
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: world health organization
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: world health organization
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Michael R. Jordan (MD)
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789241511179
Category : Drug resistance
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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"This global report is based on 59 countries that reported data from more than 12 000 clinics from cohorts of patients receiving ART between 2004 and 2014. The report includes the most recent clinic-level data reported to WHO in 2015-2016 and reflects a lag due to the 12 month cohort reporting period. Globally, amongst the clinics reporting data, high levels of appropriate antiretroviral (ARV) drug prescribing were observed, with over 99% of people prescribed regimens according to national or international HIV treatment guidelines. Global levels of LTFU at 12 months during the same period averaged 20%, exceeding the WHO-recommended target of 15%. Moreover, global levels of LTFU among clinics reporting data increased significantly over time, from 11.9% in 2004 to 24.5% in 2012. Globally, retention on ART at 12 months averaged only 73.5% amongst clinics reporting data, falling short of the WHO-recommended target of 85% or above. Estimates of retention varied considerably across regions. Adherence, as estimated by on-time pill pick-up and on-time appointment keeping, fell below global targets. On-time pill pick-up was a strong predictor of clinic-level viral load suppression suggesting that identifying clinics with less-than-desirable pill pick-up, then targeting their patient populations for adherence interventions, may lead to improvements in overall population-level outcomes. Amongst 1150 clinics monitoring drug stock outs, 35.7% had at least one drug stock out of routinely dispensed ARV drugs during their respective reporting year, thus failing to attain the WHO-recommended target of no ARV drug stock outs. This report examines national and regional EWI prevalence estimates to compare performance over time within and across regions. In general, significant variability of clinic performance within countries was noted. EWI methods use colour-coded score cards (performance strata) to visualize clinic performance, which facilitate identification of gaps in service delivery. From a country perspective, understanding clinic-level variability of EWI results is critical to improving overall programme performance. Variability should be explored to characterize best practices to improve quality and facilitate their application in clinics not achieving global EWI targets."--Page 3.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240086315
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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This brief report summarizes recent information on HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in the era of integrase-strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) for HIV prevention and treatment. In this report, WHO documents high levels of HIV viral load suppression (>90%) in populations receiving dolutegravir (DTG)-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, recent observational data reveal that HIVDR to DTG is emerging at levels exceeding those observed in clinical trials. Few countries have reported people not achieving viral suppression while receiving DTG-containing ART. However, amongst the surveys reported, levels of DTG resistance ranged from 3.9% to 8.6%, with levels as high as 19.6% observed among highly treatment-experienced people who transitioned to a DTG-containing ART while having high HIV viral loads. Levels of observed DTG resistance in real world populations receiving ART appear to be higher than anticipated from clinical trials. WHO recommends that countries routinely implement standardised surveillance of HIVDR to follow the prevalence and patterns of resistance among people not achieving suppressed viral load. The use of long acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA) for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) greatly reduces the risk of acquiring HIV. However, INSTI resistance has been observed in some cases with recent CAB-LA exposure, and delayed detection and confirmation of HIV infection can increase the risk of selection of INSTI drug resistance–associated mutations. Despite the possible risk, the roll-out of CAB-LA for PrEP should not be hindered. Scale-up of PrEP should be accompanied by standardized surveillance of drug resistance among people testing positive for HIV while receiving PrEP.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240071083
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Author: William B. Coleman
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128229934
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 846
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Diagnostic Molecular Pathology: A Guide to Applied Molecular Testing, Second Edition assembles a group of experts to discuss the molecular basis and mechanisms of major human diseases and disease processes and how the molecular features of disease can be harnessed to develop practical molecular tests for disease detection, diagnosis and prognosis. The book explains how molecular tests are utilized in the treatment of patients in personalized medicine, highlights new technologies and approaches of applied molecular pathology, and discusses how this discovery-based research yields new and useful biomarkers and tests. As it is essential to stay up-to-date on new molecular diagnostics in this changing field, this book covers critically important areas in the practice of personalized medicine and reflects our understanding of the pathology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of human disease. Includes new material on mass spectrometry for infectious diseases, microbiome, homology-directed repair for PARPi, whole genome sequencing for constitutional testing, and much more Provides insights on the value of the molecular test in comparison to traditional methods, which include speed, precision, sensitivity and clinical impacts for the patient Focuses on the menu of molecular diagnostic tests available in modern molecular pathology or clinical laboratories that can be applied to disease detection, diagnosis and classification in the clinical workup of a patient Explains how molecular tests are utilized to guide the treatment of patients in personalized medicine (guided therapies) and for the prognostication of disease
Author:
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 924003854X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Author: World Health Organization
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789241565714
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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WHO has published a global TB report every year since 1997. The main aim of the report is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic, and of progress in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease, at global, regional and country levels. This is done in the context of recommended global TB strategies and targets endorsed by WHO?s Member States, broader development goals set by the United Nations (UN) and targets set in the political declaration at the first UN high-level meeting on TB (held in September 2018). The 2019 edition of the global TB report was released on 17 October 2019. The data in this report are updated annually. Please note that direct comparisons between estimates of TB disease burden in the latest report and previous reports are not appropriate. The most recent time-series of estimates are published in the 2019 global TB report.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241564865
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 211
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"The presence, or absence, of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) can be seen as a proxy for poverty and for the success of interventions aimed at reducing poverty. Today, coverage of the public-health interventions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) against NTDs may be interpreted as a proxy for universal health coverage and shared prosperity - in short, a proxy for coverage against neglect. As the world's focus shifts from development to sustainable development, from poverty eradication to shared prosperity, and from disease-specific goals to universal health coverage, control of NTDs will assume an important role towards the target of achieving universal health coverage, including individual financial risk protection. Success in overcoming NTDs is a "litmus test" for universal health coverage against NTDs in endemic countries. The first WHO report on NTDs (2010) set the scene by presenting the evidence for how these interventions had produced results. The second report (2013) assessed the progress made in deploying them and detailed the obstacles to their implementation. This third report analyses for the first time the investments needed to achieve the scale up of implementation required to achieve the targets of the WHO Roadmap on NTDs and universal coverage against NTDs. INVESTING TO OVERCOME THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES presents an investment strategy for NTDs and analyses the specific investment case for prevention, control, elimination and eradication of 12 of the 17 NTDs. Such an analysis is justified following the adoption by the Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly in 2013 of resolution WHA6612 on neglected tropical diseases, which called for sufficient and predictable funding to achieve the Roadmap's targets and sustain control efforts. The report cautions, however, that it is wise investment and not investment alone that will yield success. The report registers progress and challenges and signals those that lie ahead. Climate change is expected to increase the spread of several vector-borne NTDs, notably dengue, transmission of which is directly influenced by temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and climate variability primarily through their effects on the vector. Investments in vector-borne diseases will avoid the potentially catastrophic expenditures associated with their control. The presence of NTDs will thereby signal an early warning system for climate-sensitive diseases. The ultimate goal is to deliver enhanced and equitable interventions to the most marginalized populations in the context of a changing public-health and investment landscape to ensure that all peoples affected by NTDs have an opportunity to lead healthier and wealthier lives."--Publisher's description.
Author: world health organization
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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