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Author: John Arthur Guarisco
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aflatoxins
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
Author: John Arthur Guarisco
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aflatoxins
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
Author: Patrick Joseph Klein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aflatoxins
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Author: Sumit Rawal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 161
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Book Description
The pathogenesis of hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic actions of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) involves initial bioactivation by microsomal cytochrome P450s (P450) to a reactive and electrophilic intermediate, exoaflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide (exo-AFBO). Poultry, especially turkeys, are extremely sensitive to AFB1, a condition associated with efficient epoxidation by P450s. The purpose of this research was to 1) discover and characterize the P450s in turkey liver responsible for AFB1 bioactivation, and 2) determine the relative importance of these P450s in turkey liver. Initial investigations led to the discovery of CYP1A5. We then identified CYP3A37, a human CYP3A4 homologue from turkey liver, which along with CYP1A5 plays an important role in the bioactivation of AFB1 to exo-AFBO. The E. coli-expressed CYP3A37 possessed striking similarities to human CYP3A4, in terms of its catalytic activities and the kinetics of AFB1 oxidation. After the discovery of CYP3A37, further research evaluated its relative importance to CYP1A5, with respect to the epoxidation of AFB1, to determine which of the homologues bioactivated relatively low "real world" AFB1 concentrations, reflective of the potential dietary exposure. Using antibodies directed to both the enzymes as tools in immuno-inhibition experiments, we determined that CYP1A5 contributes to about 98% of the exo-AFBO formation at the low AFB1 concentrations (0.1 [mu]M), which led us to conclude that CYP1A5 is likely the dominant homologue involved in the extreme sensitivity of the turkeys to AFB1. CYP3A37 also efficiently epoxidated AFB1, but only at high concentrations of this mycotoxin, not likely to be achievable in turkey liver in vivo. Our research has helped shed light on the relative importance of CYP1A5 and CYP3A37 in the bioactivation of AFB1 to the toxic exo-AFBO, and thus on the mechanisms of the extreme sensitivity of turkeys to AFB1. Given that AFB1 is a ubiquitous component of corn-based poultry feed and contamination is practically unavoidable, we conducted further studies evaluating the chemopreventive action of probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus, on AFB1 toxicity in turkeys. Probiotic bacteria are known to bind AFB1, thus reducing its bioavailability. A mix of probiotic bacteria provided protection against key endpoints of aflatoxicosis, like AFB1-induced reduction in body and liver weights. Our data demonstrate that Lactobacillus was protective against aflatoxicosis in turkeys, thus validating its use as a possible chemopreventive, thereby helping alleviate the significant annual losses to the poultry industry due to feed contamination by AFB1.
Author: Hafez M. Hafez
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031633180
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
Author: Steven Leeson
Publisher: Guelph, Ont. : University Books
ISBN:
Category : Health
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
Sudden death syndrome; Roundheart and aortic rupture in turkeys; Ascites; Hepatic hemorrhage; Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome; Fatty liver and kidney syndrome; Gout and kidney urolithiasis; Oily bird syndrome; Water imbalance; Electrolyte imbalance; Skeletal disorders; Trichothecenes; Ochratoxins; Aflatoxins; Fumonisins; Other mycotoxins; Mineral and vitamin toxicities.
Author: Ramon G. Guevara-Gonzalez
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9533073950
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 482
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Book Description
Aflatoxins - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology is a book that has been thought to present the most significant advances in these disciplines focused on the knowledge of such toxins. All authors, who supported the excellent work showed in every chapter of this book, are placed at the frontier of knowledge on this subject, thus, this book will be obligated reference to issue upon its publication. Finally, this book has been published in an attempt to present a written forum for researchers and teachers interested in the subject, having a current picture in this field of research about these interesting and intriguing toxins.
Author: Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535109049
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
This book is broadly divided into five sections and 17 chapters, highlighting recent advances in aflatoxin research from epidemiology to molecular genomics and control measures, biocontrol approaches, modern analytical techniques, economic concerns and underlying mechanisms of contamination processes. This book will update readers on several cutting-edge aspects of aflatoxins research with useful up-to-date information for mycologists, toxicologists, microbiologists, agriculture scientists, plant pathologists and pharmacologists, who may be interest to understanding of the impact, significance and recent advances within the field of of aflatoxins with a focus on control strategy.
Author: Patrick Berka Njobeh
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1838818464
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
This Edited Volume Mycotoxins - Impact and Management Strategies is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of Mycotoxicology. The book comprises of single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in this research area. This book is divided into three sections. Section 1 consists of one chapter that gives an overview of the socioeconomic impact of mycotoxins. Section 2 has five chapters that address the prevention and control of aflatoxins both at pre- and post-harvest stages. Section 3 has two chapters that deal with health impact and control in the poultry industry. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts in the field and opens new possible research paths for further novel developments in addressing the problem of mycotoxins.
Author: Lukman Abdulra'Uf
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535134574
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
Aflatoxins are a group of highly toxic and carcinogenic substances, which occur naturally, and can be found in food substances. Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of certain strains of the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and the less common A. nomius. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 are the most important members, which can be categorized into two groups according to the chemical structure. As a result of the adverse health effects of mycotoxins, their levels have been strictly regulated especially in food and feed samples. Therefore, their accurate identification and determination remain a Herculean task due to their presence in complex food matrices. The great public concern and the strict legislation incited the development of reliable, specific, selective, and sensitive analytical methods for pesticide monitoring that are discussed in this book.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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