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Author: Kurt Brendlinger
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319739301
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 261
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Book Description
This thesis presents two production cross-section measurements of pairs of massive bosons using final states with leptons, made with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The first measurement, performed using data collected in 2012 at center-of-mass energy √ s = 8 TeV, is the first fiducial and differential cross-section measurement of the production of the Higgs Boson when it decays to four charged leptons (electrons or muons). The second measurement is the first fiducial and inclusive production cross-section measurement of WZ pairs at center-of-mass energy √ s = 13 TeV using final states with three charged leptons. A significant portion of the thesis focuses on the methods used to identify electrons from massive boson decay—important for many flagship measurements—and on assessing the efficiency of these particle identification techniques. The chapter discussing the WZ pair cross-section measurement provides a detailed example of an estimate of lepton background in the context of an analysis with three leptons in the final state.
Author: Kurt Brendlinger
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319739301
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 261
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Book Description
This thesis presents two production cross-section measurements of pairs of massive bosons using final states with leptons, made with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The first measurement, performed using data collected in 2012 at center-of-mass energy √ s = 8 TeV, is the first fiducial and differential cross-section measurement of the production of the Higgs Boson when it decays to four charged leptons (electrons or muons). The second measurement is the first fiducial and inclusive production cross-section measurement of WZ pairs at center-of-mass energy √ s = 13 TeV using final states with three charged leptons. A significant portion of the thesis focuses on the methods used to identify electrons from massive boson decay—important for many flagship measurements—and on assessing the efficiency of these particle identification techniques. The chapter discussing the WZ pair cross-section measurement provides a detailed example of an estimate of lepton background in the context of an analysis with three leptons in the final state.
Author: Herwig Schopper
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030382079
Category : Heavy ions
Languages : en
Pages : 632
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Book Description
This first open access volume of the handbook series contains articles on the standard model of particle physics, both from the theoretical and experimental perspective. It also covers related topics, such as heavy-ion physics, neutrino physics and searches for new physics beyond the standard model. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access
Author: Ulascan Sarica
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030254747
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
This thesis documents the measurement of lifetime, width, mass, and couplings to two electroweak bosons of the recently-discovered Higgs boson using data from the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Both on-shell (at the mass of around 125 GeV) and off-shell (above 200 GeV) Higgs boson production is studied and an excess of off-shell production with significance above two standard deviations is observed for the first time. The latter is a qualitative new way to study the Higgs field, responsible for generation of mass of all the known elementary particles. In addition, phenomenological tools have been developed with the Monte Carlo event generator and matrix element techniques for an optional analysis of LHC data. Optimization of the CMS data with careful alignment of the silicon tracker is also presented.
Author: Olena Karacheban
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319931393
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
This book describes the application of a novel technology for beam instrumentation and luminosity measurement and first results on a cutting edge technology potentially to be used after the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider to higher luminosity. It presents a unique diamond-based luminometer with a detailed performance study. The online bunch-by-bunch luminosity measurements provide an invaluable feedback to the Collider for beam optimisation and for the understanding of beam dynamics. The precision of the luminosity measurement is crucial for all physics analyses. This book highlights the Van der Meer method, which is used for the calibration of the luminometers of the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiment, and describes the estimate of systematic uncertainties, e.g. due to radiation damage of sensors and electronics and uncertainties of beam parameters. For the future high-luminosity upgrade of the collider, sapphire sensors are investigated in a test beam. It is demonstrated for the first time that sapphire sensors can be used as single particle detectors. A model for the charge transport in sapphire is developed and successfully applied.
Author: Luca Cadamuro
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030040550
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 283
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Book Description
This thesis presents innovative contributions to the CMS experiment in the new trigger system for the restart of the LHC collisions in Run II, as well as original analysis methods and important results that led to official publications of the Collaboration. The author's novel reconstruction algorithms, deployed on the Field-Programmable Gate Arrays of the new CMS trigger architecture, have brought a gain of over a factor 2 in efficiency for the identification of tau leptons, with a very significant impact on important H boson measurements, such as its decays to tau lepton pairs and the search for H boson pair production. He also describes a novel analysis of HH → bb tautau, a high priority physics topic in a difficult channel. The original strategy, optimisation of event categories, and the control of the background have made the result one of the most sensitive concerning the self-coupling of the Higgs boson among all possible channels at the LHC.
Author: Cristina Martin Perez
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030902064
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 291
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Book Description
In this work, the interaction between the Higgs boson and the top quark is studied with the proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV provided by the LHC at the CMS detector at CERN (Geneva). At the LHC, these particles are produced simultaneously via the associate production of the Higgs boson with one top quark (tH process) or two top quarks (ttH process). Compared to many other possible outcomes of the proton-proton interactions, these processes are very rare, as the top quark and the Higgs boson are the heaviest elementary particles known. Hence, identifying them constitutes a significant experimental challenge. A high particle selection efficiency in the CMS detector is therefore crucial. At the core of this selection stands the Level-1 (L1) trigger system, a system that filters collision events to retain only those with potential interest for physics analysis. The selection of hadronically decaying τ leptons, expected from the Higgs boson decays, is especially demanding due to the large background arising from the QCD interactions. The first part of this thesis presents the optimization of the L1 τ algorithm in Run 2 (2016-2018) and Run 3 (2022-2024) of the LHC. It includes the development of a novel trigger concept for the High-Luminosity LHC, foreseen to start in 2027 and to deliver 5 times the current instantaneous luminosity. To this end, sophisticated algorithms based on machine learning approaches are used, facilitated by the increasingly modern technology and powerful computation of the trigger system. The second part of the work presents the search of the tH and ttH processes with the subsequent decays of the Higgs boson to pairs of τ lepton, W bosons or Z bosons, making use of the data recorded during Run 2. The presence of multiple particles in the final state, along with the low cross section of the processes, makes the search an ideal use case for multivariant discriminants that enhance the selectivity of the signals and reject the overwhelming background contributions. The discriminants presented are built using state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, able to capture the correlations amongst the processes involved, as well as the so-called Matrix Element Method (MEM), which combines the theoretical description of the processes with the detector resolution effects. The level of sophistication of the methods used, along with the unprecedented amount of collision data analyzed, result in the most stringent measurements of the tH and ttH cross sections up to date.
Author: Giulia Di Gregorio
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031200136
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 229
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Book Description
The analysis described in this thesis is the search for the Higgs boson, decaying into bb pair, in the associated production with a vector boson, in the extreme Higgs boson transverse momentum region where the Higgs boson is reconstructed using the large-R jet technique. The use of the large-R jets allows to add a part of the phase space unexplored so far, which is particularly sensitive to possible new physics. The analysed data have been collected at LHC by the ATLAS detector between 2015 and 2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV. The same dataset has been used to perform the differential pp → ZH and pp → WH cross-section measurements used to extract the information on the Higgs couplings and to put limits on Beyond the Standard Model effects. Furthermore the analysis has been re-used to perform a cross-section measurement of the diboson ZZ and WZ processes because the diboson and the Higgs processes have a similar topology. For the first time the ZZ(bb) and WZ(bb) cross-sections are measured at √s = 13 TeV and the observed cross-section measurements are consistent with the Standard Model predictions.
Author: Stefano Forte
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9813238062
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 465
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Book Description
'What makes this collection unusual and refreshing is that it is not the more common ‘Festschrift’ written by specialists for specialists, but a broad set of topical summaries and analyses addressed to a wide readership of particle physicists. Inevitably, some of the sections are more advanced in their treatment than others, but most of the material will be accessible and helpful to researchers at all levels, and in particular to those working on experiments at CERN, where Altarelli spent many years in the theory group. It is hard to do justice to the varied contents of this excellent collection … I can only recommend that anyone involved in particle research should turn to the web for a full description of the richness of material that is included here … There is something here for everyone, and much for most. I’m sure Altarelli would have been pleased with that! The Editors are to be complimented for their initiative in making this unique volume possible.'Contemporary PhysicsGuido Altarelli was a leading figure in 20th century particle physics. His scientific contributions and leadership played a key role in the development of the Standard Model of fundamental interactions, as well as the current search for new physics beyond it, both at and beyond CERN. This book is a collection of original contributions, at the cutting edge of scientific research, by some of the leading theoretical and experimental high-energy physicists currently in the field. These were inspired by Guido's ideas, whether directly or indirectly. This book is ideal for researchers looking to keep up with the latest developments in high-energy physics.
Author: Matthias U. Mozer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319303813
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 121
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Book Description
The book discusses the recent experimental results obtained at the LHC that involve electroweak bosons. The results are placed into an appropriate theoretical and historical context. The work pays special attention to the rising subject of hadronically decaying bosons with high boosts, documenting the state-of-the-art identification techniques and highlighting typical results. The text is not limited to electroweak physics in the strict sense, but also discusses the use of electroweak vector-bosons as tool in the study of other subjects in particle physics, such as determinations of the proton structure or the search for new exotic particles. The book is particularly well suited for graduate students, starting their thesis work on topics that involve electroweak bosons, as the book provides a comprehensive description of phenomena observable at current accelerators as well as a summary of the most relevant experimental techniques.
Author: Andrew J. Larkoski
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108496989
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 509
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Book Description
Introduces the fundamentals of particle physics with a focus on modern developments and an intuitive physical interpretation of results.
