Measurement of Ocean-surface Winds by Collective Analysis of HF Backscatter, Cloud Photographs, and Weather Maps PDF Download
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Author: J. R. Barnum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cloud physics
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Author: J. R. Barnum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cloud physics
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electrical engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 980
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Author: WGH Geethma Werapitiya
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Climatic changes
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Surface wind speed from the microwave Multi-sensor Advanced Climatology (MAC) dataset is used to examine coupling between convective cloud and precipitation processes, synoptic state, and ocean surface winds and to evaluate the representation of ocean surface winds in global climate models (GCMs). Surface wind speed is underestimated by GCMs relative to observations. Parametric and structural sources of model bias are evaluated in the context of two mechanisms: cold pool formation driving downdrafts that enhance surface wind speed and poorly-resolved temperature gradients. Analysis utilizing models of different resolutions in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), Community Atmosphere Model Version 6 (CAM6) Perturbed Parameter Ensemble (PPE) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations show that the wind speed bias of climate models compared to the remote observations is resolution and parameter dependent.
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Ocean surface winds play a significant role in the global ocean-atmosphere system. Surface winds drive the worlds ocean currents, transport atmospheric heat and moisture, force nutrient rich upwelling areas, create surface waves and swell, and can reach destructive force in both extratropical and tropical cyclones. Although the oceans cover 70% of the Earth's surface, the network of ocean wind observations obtained from conventional buoys and ships is very sparse. The measurement of ocean surface winds using remote sensing technologies is the only means of obtaining wind information over large portions of the global ocean in a timely manner. The Ocean Surface Vector Winds Team (OSVWT) of the Satellite Oceanography and Climatology Division (SOCD) within the NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (StAR) has been producing satellite-derived ocean surface wind data since the mid 1990s. Wind products from several remotely sensed sources such as QuikSCAT and WindSat are available in near real time (NRT) on the Internet and are also distributed within NOAA. These wind products are used by operational forecasters, scientific researchers and the marine community.
Author: Willard J. Pierson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics in oceanography
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Author: Xinlong Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Ocean wind and wave parameters are important for the study of oceanography, on- and off-shore activities, and the safety of ship navigation. Conventionally, such parameters have been measured by in-situ sensors such as anemometers and buoys. During the last three decades, sea surface observation using X-band marine radar has drawn wide attention since marine radars can image both temporal and spatial variations of the sea surface. In this thesis, novel algorithms for wind and wave parameter retrieval from X-band marine radar data are developed and tested using radar, anemometer, and buoy data collected in a sea trial off the east coast of Canada in the North Atlantic Ocean. Rain affects radar backscatter and leads to less reliable wind parameters measurements. In this thesis, algorithms are developed to enable reliable wind parameters measurements under rain conditions. Firstly, wind directions are extracted from raincontaminated radar data using either a 1D or 2D ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) technique and are seen to compare favourably with an anemometer reference. Secondly, an algorithm based on EEMD and amplitude modulation (AM) analysis to retrieve wind direction and speed from both rain-free and rain-contaminated X-band marine radar images is developed and is shown to be an improvement over an earlier 1D spectral analysis-based method. For wave parameter measurements, an empirical modulation transfer function (MTF) is required for traditional spectral analysis-based techniques. Moreover, the widely used signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-based method for significant wave height (HS) estimation may not always work well for a ship-borne X-band radar, and it requires external sensors for calibration. In this thesis, two methods are first presented for HS estimation from X-band marine radar data. One is an EEMD-based method, which enables satisfactory HS measurements obtained from a ship-borne radar. The other is a modified shadowingbased method, which enables HS measurements without the inclusion of external sensors. Furthermore, neither method requires the MTF. Finally, an algorithm based on the Radon transform is proposed to estimate wave direction and periods from X-band marine radar images with satisfactory results.
Author: M. A. Goodberlet
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 29
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Author: William Headrick Gemmill
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Marine meteorology
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Author: G. Verploegh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 67
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Author: G. Verploegh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Marine meteorology
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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