Measurement of isotope shift of recycled uranium by laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy PDF Download
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Author: Masaki Ohba
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Languages : ja
Pages : 16
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Author: Masaki Ohba
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Category :
Languages : ja
Pages : 16
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Author: Katsuaki Akaoka
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Category :
Languages : ja
Pages : 22
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Author:
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 784
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Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
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Category : Weights and measures
Languages : en
Pages : 684
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![Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Sputtered Uranium Atoms. [Mechanisms, 3 KeV]. PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/G656AQAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy was used to study the sputtering of 99.8% 238U metal foil when bombarded by normally incident 500 to 3000 eV Ne, Ar, Kr+, and O2+. A three-level atom model of the LIF processes is developed to interpret the observed fluorescent emission from the sputtered species. The model shows that close attention must be paid to the conditions under which the experiment is carried out as well as to the details of the collision cascade theory of sputtering. Rigorous analysis shows that when properly applied, LIF can be used to investigate the predictions of sputtering theory as regards energy distributions of sputtered particles and for the determination of sputtering yields. The possibility that thermal emission may occur during sputtering can also be tested using the proposed model. It is shown that the velocity distribution (either the number density or flux density distribution, depending upon the experimental conditions) of the sputtered particles can be determined using the LIF technique and that this information can be used to obtain a description of the basic sputtering mechanisms. These matters are discussed using the U-atom fluorescence measurements as a basis. The relative sputtering yields for various incident ions on uranium were also measured for the first time using the LIF technique. A surprisingly high fraction of the sputtered uranium atoms were found to occupy the low lying metastable energy levels of U(I). The population of the sputtered metastable atoms were found approximately to obey a Boltzman distribution with an effective temperature of 920 +- 100°K. 41 references.
Author: United States. National Bureau of Standards
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Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 684
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Author: National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 680
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Author: Brett Hallen Isselhardt
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS) has been developed as a method to measure relative uranium isotope abundances. In this approach, RIMS is used as an element-selective ionization process to provide a distinction between uranium atoms and potential isobars without the aid of chemical purification and separation. We explore the laser parameters critical to the ionization process and their effects on the measured isotope ratio. Specifically, the use of broad bandwidth lasers with automated feedback control of wavelength was applied to the measurement of 235U/238U ratios to decrease laser-induced isotopic fractionation. By broadening the bandwidth of the first laser in a 3-color, 3-photon ionization process from a bandwidth of 1.8 GHz to about 10 GHz, the variation in sequential relative isotope abundance measurements decreased from>10% to less than 0.5%. This procedure was demonstrated for the direct interrogation of uranium oxide targets with essentially no sample preparation. A rate equation model for predicting the relative ionization probability has been developed to study the effect of variation in laser parameters on the measured isotope ratio. This work demonstrates that RIMS can be used for the robust measurement of uranium isotope ratios.
Author: Nihon Genshiryoku Kenkyujo
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Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 650
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Author: Ammon Ned Williams
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Category : Chemistry, Analytic
Languages : en
Pages : 201
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The primary objective of this research is to develop an applied technology and provide an assessment for remotely measuring and analyzing the real time or near real time concentrations of used nuclear fuel (UNF) elements in electrorefiners (ER). Here, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in UNF pyroprocessing facilities was investigated. LIBS is an elemental analysis method, which is based on the emission from plasma generated by focusing a laser beam into the medium. This technology has been reported to be applicable in solids, liquids (includes molten metals), and gases for detecting elements of special nuclear materials. The advantages of applying the technology for pyroprocessing facilities are: (i) Rapid real-time elemental analysis; (ii) Direct detection of elements and impurities in the system with low limits of detection (LOD); and (iii) Little to no sample preparation is required. One important challenge to overcome is achieving reproducible spectral data over time while being able to accurately quantify fission products, rare earth elements, and actinides in the molten salt. Another important challenge is related to the accessibility of molten salt, which is heated in a heavily insulated, remotely operated furnace in a high radiation environment within an argon gas atmosphere. This dissertation aims to address these challenges and approaches in the following phases with their highlighted outcomes: 1. Aerosol-LIBS system design and aqueous testing: An aerosol-LIBS system was designed around a Collison nebulizer and tested using deionized water with Ce, Gd, and Nd concentrations from 100 ppm to 10,000 ppm. The average %RSD values between the sample repetitions were 4.4% and 3.8% for the Ce and Gd lines, respectively. The univariate calibration curve for Ce using the peak intensities of the Ce 418.660 nm line was recommended and had an R2 value, LOD, and RM. S. ECV of 0.994, 189 ppm, and 390 ppm, respectively. The recommended Gd calibration curve was generated using the peak areas of the Gd 409.861 nm line and had an R2, LOD, and RMSECV of 0.992, 316 ppm, and 421 ppm, respectively. The partial least squares (PLS) calibration curves yielded similar results with RMSECV of 406 ppm and 417 ppm for the Ce and Gd curves, respectively. 2. High temperature aerosol-LIBS system design and CeCl3 testing: The aerosol-LIBS system was transitioned to a high temperature and used to measure Ce in molten LiCl-KCl salt within a glovebox environment. The concentration range studied was from 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% Ce. Normalization was necessary due to signal degradation over time; however, with the normalization the %RSD values averaged 5% for the mid and upper concentrations studied. The best univariate calibration curve was generated using the peak areas of the Ce 418.660 nm line. The LOD for this line was 148 ppm with the RMSECV of 647 ppm. The PLS calibration curve was made using 7 latent variables (LV) and resulting in the RMSECV of 622 ppm. The LOD value was below the expected rare earth concentration within the ER. 3. Aerosol-LIBS testing using UCl3: Samples containing UCl3 with concentrations ranging from 0.3 wt% to 5 wt% were measured. The spectral response in this range was linear. The best univariate calibration curves were generated using the peak areas of the U 367.01 nm line and had an R2 value of 0.9917. Here, the LOD was 647 ppm and the RMSECV was 2,290 ppm. The PLS model was substantially better with a RMSECV of 1,110 ppm. The LOD found here is below the expected U concentrations in the ER. The successful completion of this study has demonstrated the feasibility of using an aerosol-LIBS analytical technique to measure rare earth elements and actinides in the pyroprocessing salt.
