Mean Force Structure and Scaling of Rough-wall Turbulent Boundary Layers PDF Download
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Author: Faraz Mehdi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
Author: Faraz Mehdi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The objective of this project is to improve our fundamental knowledge of turbulent flows over rough surfaces. Specifically, we hope to investigate the manner in which roughness affects the near-wall drag-producing turbulent structures, and to what extent surface roughness affects the outer part of rough-wall boundary layers. Ultimately we hope to use this knowledge to propose control strategies to reduce momentum loss in rough-wall boundary layers.
Author: William K. Blake
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Boundary layer
Languages : en
Pages : 105
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Book Description
Turbulent boundary layer wall pressure measurements were made with 'pinhole' microphones three times smaller (relative to boundary layer thickness) than microphones used in earlier work. The improved high frequency resolution permitted examination of the influence of high frequency eddies on smooth wall pressure statistics. It was found that the space-time decay rate is considerably higher than previously reported. Measurements of cross-spectral density made with 5 Hz band width filters disclosed low phase speeds at low frequency and small separation. Measurements were repeated on rough walls and parallels were drawn from knowledge of a smooth wall boundary layer structure to propose a structure for a rough wall boundary layer. The effect of independently varying roughness height and separation on the large and small scale turbulence structure was deduced from the measurements. It was found that roughness separation affected the very large scale structure, whereas the roughness height influenced the medium and very small scale turbulence. (Author).
Author: C. K. Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Boundary layer
Languages : en
Pages : 171
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Book Description
Experimental data are presented on flow structure, mean, and fluctuating velocities in turbulent boundary layers over a family of flat surfaces with transverse roughness elements made of square bars of variable spacing. All flows were incompressible and had zero streamwise pressure gradient. The flow structures are described for surfaces extending from hydraulically smooth to fully rough. A distinct flow pattern is observed in the wall region for each of four cases: smooth, skimming, wake-interference and isolated-roughness flow. Maximum roughness was observed with a ratio of gap to bar width of approximately 11. The most obvious effect of an increase in surface roughness is the distinct increase of turbulence production and the concomittant increase in the value of eddy viscosity. It is shown that this increase in eddy viscosity increases the total thickness of the layer in the same way that an increase in molecular viscosity would do in a laminar layer. The normalization of eddy viscosity for the outer portion of the layer as suggested by Clauser is found to apply to the rough surfaces studied. (Author).
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
At sufficiently high Reynolds number, all surfaces are rough, and roughness affects most flows in engineering and the natural sciences. Examples range from atmospheric boundary layers over buildings and canopies, to engineering surfaces with erosion, deposits, etc. To study the roughness effects, we take a high-resolution approach to capture the flow around individual roughness elements using direct and large-eddy simulations (DNS and LES); the goal is to elucidate phenomena which have been difficult to access using physical experiments, and to help develop engineering correlations and models. First, most experiments and turbulence models are based on a standardized type of roughness, sand-grain roughness, which can be described using a single length scale. The relationship between the geometry of an arbitrary surface and the canonical one must be known, to predict critical flow parameters such as the drag, using either experimental correlations or turbulence models. Using numerical experiments, we relate this length-scale to the roughness geometry, and propose a guideline for its prediction in the industrial setting. Next, to explain the dependence of drag on the topographical details, we examine the role of the wake of the roughness elements in the drag generation of a rough surface. The wake field is found to promote vertical momentum transfer and near-wall instability; it might provide a link between geometry details and the engineering modeling of roughness effects. Lastly, we focus on a more realistic flow scenario -- the one with freestream accelerations -- and study the combined effects of roughness and acceleration, a phenomenon widely present in engineering flows over airfoils or complex landscapes. It is first shown, by comparing equilibrium accelerating flows obtained in the present study with the non-equilibrium flows in the literature, that the roughness and acceleration effects are interdependent and depend on the flow equilibrity. Then, using DNS data of a spatially developing flat-plate boundary layer, it is found that the effect coupling develops as the roughness affects the turbulence time scale and thus the flow susceptibility of the acceleration stabilization, while acceleration changes the wake velocity and ultimately the roughness destabilization level.
Author: A. A. R. Townsend
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521298193
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
Develops a physical theory from the mass of experimental results, with revisions to reflect advances of recent years.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Book Description
Results of an experimental investigation of the flow over a model roughness are presented. The series of roughness consists of close-packed pyramids in which both the height and the slope were systematically varied. The aim of this work was to document the mean flow and subsequently gain insight into the physical roughness scales which contribute to drag. The mean velocity profiles for all nine rough surfaces collapse with smooth-wall results when presented in velocity-defect form, supporting the use of similarity methods. The results for the six steepest surfaces indicate that the roughness function U+ scales almost entirely on the roughness height with little dependence on the slope of the pyramids. However, DeltaU+ for the three surfaces with the smallest slope does not scale satisfactorily on the roughness height, indicating that these surfaces might not be thought of as surface "roughness" in a traditional sense but instead surface "waviness."
Author: John Leask Lumley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Boundary layer
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Book Description
The present effort investigates the effects of practical roughness replicated from a turbine blade damaged by deposition of foreign materials or statistical and structural characteristics of wall turbulence. Two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements are performed in the streamwise-wall-normal plane of turbulent boundary layers at momentum Reynolds numbers of 8000 and 13000. The surface conditions include a smooth wall and two highly-irregular rough walls. These rough surfaces have the same roughness topography but differ in spatial scaling. The validity of Townsend's wall similarity hypothesis in the presence of practical roughness is assessed and the impact of this roughness on the spatial structure of the flow is investigated. In addition, stereoscopic PIV measurements are made in streamwise-spanwise planes of smooth- and rough-wall turbulent boundary layers both within and at the outer edge of the roughness sublayer. This data is used to explore the impact of dominant topographical features on the near-wall flow as well as the influence of practical roughness on the spatial organization of the flow. Understanding such effects provides a steppingstone toward efficient modeling and control of practical flows in the presence of roughness.
Author: Hermann Schlichting (Deceased)
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 366252919X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 814
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Book Description
This new edition of the near-legendary textbook by Schlichting and revised by Gersten presents a comprehensive overview of boundary-layer theory and its application to all areas of fluid mechanics, with particular emphasis on the flow past bodies (e.g. aircraft aerodynamics). The new edition features an updated reference list and over 100 additional changes throughout the book, reflecting the latest advances on the subject.
