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Author: Paul Allen Roberts
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Retina
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Paul Allen Roberts
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Retina
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Giovanna Guidoboni
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030258866
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 606
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Book Description
The chapters in this contributed volume showcase current theoretical approaches in the modeling of ocular fluid dynamics in health and disease. By including chapters written by experts from a variety of fields, this volume will help foster a genuinely collaborative spirit between clinical and research scientists. It vividly illustrates the advantages of clinical and experimental methods, data-driven modeling, and physically-based modeling, while also detailing the limitations of each approach. Blood, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, tear film, and cerebrospinal fluid each have a section dedicated to their anatomy and physiology, pathological conditions, imaging techniques, and mathematical modeling. Because each fluid receives a thorough analysis from experts in their respective fields, this volume stands out among the existing ophthalmology literature. Ocular Fluid Dynamics is ideal for current and future graduate students in applied mathematics and ophthalmology who wish to explore the field by investigating open questions, experimental technologies, and mathematical models. It will also be a valuable resource for researchers in mathematics, engineering, physics, computer science, chemistry, ophthalmology, and more.
Author: R. Collins
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642501532
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
A rich and abundant literature has developed during the last half century dealing with mechanical aspects of the eye, mainly from clinical and, experimental points of view. For the most part, workers have attempted to shed light on the complex set of conditions known by the general term glaucoma. These conditions are characterised by an increase in intraocular pressure sufficient to cause de generation of the optic disc and concomitant defects in the visual field, which, if not controlled, lead to inevitable permanent blindness. In the United States alone, an estimated 50,000 persons are blind as a result of glaucoma, which strikes about 2% of the population over 40 years of age (Vaughan and Asbury, 1974). An understanding of the underlying mechanisms of glaucoma is hindered by the fact that elevated intraocular pressure, like a runny nose, is but a symptom which may have a variety of causes. Only by turning to the initial pathology can one hope to understand this important class of medical problems.
Author: Simone Cassani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Glaucoma is a multi-factorial ocular disease associated with death of retinal ganglion cells and irreversible vision loss. Many risk factors contribute to glaucomatous damage, including elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), age, genetics, and other diseases such as diabetes and systemic hypertension. Interestingly, alterations in retinal hemodynamics have also been associated with glaucoma. A better understanding of the factors that contribute to these hemodynamic alterations could lead to improved and more appropriate clinical approaches to manage and hopefully treat glaucoma patients. In this thesis, we develop several mathematical models aimed at describing ocular hemodynamics and oxygenation in health and disease. Precisely we describe: (i) a time-dependent mathematical model for the retinal circulation that includes macrocirculation, microcirculation, phenomenological vascular regulation, and the mechanical effect of IOP on the retinal vasculature; (ii) a steady-state mathematical model for the retinal circulation that includes macrocirculation, microcirculation, mechanistic vascular regulation, the effect of IOP on the central retinal artery and central retinal vein, and the transport of oxygen in the retinal tissue using a Krogh cylinder type model; (iii) a steady-state mathematical model for the transport of oxygen in the retinal microcirculation and tissue based on a realistic retinal anatomy; and (iv) a steady-state mathematical model for the production and drainage of aqueous humor (AH). The main objective of this work is to study the relationship between IOP, systemic blood pressure, and the functionality of vascular autoregulation; the transport and exchange of oxygen in the retinal vasculature and tissue; and the production and drainage of AH, that contributes to the level of IOP. The models developed in this thesis predict that (i) the autoregulation plateau occurs for different values of IOP in hypertensive and normotensive patients. Thus, the level of blood pressure and functionality of autoregulation affect the changes in retinal hemodynamics caused by IOP and might explain the inconsistent outcomes of clinical studies; (ii) the metabolic and carbon dioxide mechanisms play a major role in the vascular regulation of the retina. Thus, the impairment of either of these mechanisms could cause ischemic damage to the retinal tissue; (iii) the multi-layer description of transport of oxygen in the retinal tissue accounts for the effect of the inner and outer retina, thereby improving the predictive ability of the model; (iv) a greater reduction in IOP is obtained if topical medications target AH production rather that AH drainage and if IOP-lowering medications are administrated to patients that exhibit a high initial level of IOP. Thus, the effectiveness of IOP-lowering medications depend on a patient’s value of IOP. In conclusion, the results of this thesis demonstrate that the insight provided by mathematical modeling alongside clinical studies can improve the understanding of diseases and potentially contribute to the clinical development of new treatments.
Author: Bernhard H.F. Weber
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 9781493959693
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
Over the past decades, knowledge about the cellular and molecular basis underlying the visual process has remarkably increased. In Retinal Degeneration: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field provide a guide of relevant and state-of-the-art methods for studying retinal homeostasis and disease. These include methods and techniques for addressing cell culture systems and animal models of disease, their generation, their phenotypic and molecular characterization as well as their use in therapeutic approaches to the retina. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Retinal Degeneration: Methods and Protocols aids scientists in continuing to study the cutting-edge techniques of retinal cell biology in health and disease.
Author: E. Y. K. Ng
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439869936
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
Advanced image processing and mathematical modeling techniques are increasingly being used for the early diagnosis of eye diseases. A comprehensive review of the field, Human Eye Imaging and Modeling details the latest advances and analytical techniques in ocular imaging and modeling. The first part of the book looks at imaging of the fundus as well as infrared imaging. It begins by exploring developments in the analysis of fundus images, particularly for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. It also reviews anterior segment imaging and reports on developments in ocular thermography, especially the use of thermal imaging as the basis of tear evaporimetry and dry eye diagnosis. The second part of the book delves into mathematical modeling of the human eye. Coverage includes modeling of the eye during retinal laser surgery, a framework for optical simulation, heat distribution using a 3D web-splines solution, and exposure to laser radiation. The text also examines computer simulation of the human eye based on principles of heat transfer, as well as various bioheat equations to predict interior temperatures based on the surface temperature. Featuring contributions by established experts in eye imaging, this is a valuable reference for medical personnel and researchers who want to know more about state-of-the-art computer-based imaging and detection methods. It presents novel imaging and modeling algorithms that can aid in early diagnosis, with the aim of enriching the lives of people suffering from eye abnormalities.
Author: Maurice Ptito
Publisher: Mdpi AG
ISBN: 9783036526539
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 498
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Book Description
Vision is the most important sense in higher mammals. The retina is the first step in visual processing and the window to the brain. It is not surprising that problems arising in the retina lead to moderate to severe visual impairments. We offer here a collection of reviews as well as original papers dealing with various aspects of retinal function as well as dysfunction. New approaches in retinal research are described, such as the expression and localization of the endocannabinoid system in the normal retina and the role of cannabinoid receptors that could offer new avenues of research in the development of potential treatments for retinal diseases. Moreover, new insights are offered in advancing knowledge towards the prevention and cure of visual pathologies, mainly AMD, RP, and diabetic retinopathy.
Author: Debarshi Mustafi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Retina
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
The first steps in vision begin with signaling by photoreceptor cells of the retina. These post-mitotic neurons are reliant on the neighboring retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) for daily homeostatic functions for life-long maintenance. Pathology affecting these integral cell layers can give rise to various retinal pathologies, with varying genetic patterns ranging from rare Mendelian diseases to more common complex multi-genic diseases. The goal of this work was to understand the phenotypic and genotypic factors that contribute to normal physiological function of the retina and the changes that manifest in disease. Human patients and mouse models of the Mendelian disease enhanced S-cone syndrome were subjected to RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) and high-resolution hybrid microscopy methods to understand the genomic features that result in the progressive degenerative phenotype. It was revealed that a defect in proper photoreceptor shedding and phagocytosis, stemming for the aberrant development of these photoreceptors, gave rise to the progressive degeneration. Expanding the work to a more common, yet complex retinal degeneration, age-related retinal degeneration (ARD), the importance of genetic epistasis in disease was revealed. The use of inbred mouse lines with differing genetic backgrounds revealed that subtle differences in levels of inflammatory and RPE homeostatic factors can have profound effects on the predisposition and pathogenesis of ARD. The RNA-Seq from these studies revealed that non-coding RNAs may also mediate phenotypic diversity in disease. An evolutionary analysis of long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) across species with varying retinal environments elucidated those lincRNAs that were conserved in sequence. Further biochemical and bioinformatic experiments revealed that these lincRNAs may be critical for retinal physiology in adults and may represent another level of transcriptional regulation in the genetic architecture of the eye in health and disease.
Author: Otmar Scherzer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783540808008
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 191
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Book Description
This volume gives a survey on mathematical and computational methods in image registration. During the last year sophisticated numerical models for registration and efficient numerical methods have been proposed. Many of them are contained in this volume. The book also summarizes the state-of-the-art in mathematical and computational methods in image registration. In addition, it covers some practical applications and new directions with industrial relevance in data processing.
Author: Ann E. Elsner
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832509711
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 131
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Book Description
