Mass Transfer and Hydrodynamics in Stirred Gas-liquid-liquid Contactors PDF Download
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Author: Antonius Harold Gerrit Cents
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789036519946
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
Author: Antonius Harold Gerrit Cents
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789036519946
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrodynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
Various configurations of external loop airlift contactor (ELALC) were examined for their hydrodynamic and mass transfer behavior using tap water. These behaviors was manipulated by changing the length of connection tubes (L[subscript c]), height of riser and downcmoer (L[subscript h]) and other configurations while keeping the ratio between downcomer and riser cross sectional area constant at 0.269. The results showed that the change of configuration could have effects on: gas holdup, liquid velocity, and gas-liquid mass transfer. Increasing L[subscript c] and L[subscript h] seemed to pose the same effect on the airlift performance. For instance, an increase in L[subscript c] from 20 to 40 cm, and Lp[subscript h] from 100 to 140 cm, could increase liquid velocity at 11.3 and 7.2%, decreased overall gas holdup at 8.6 and 3.3% and decreased the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient at 8.2 and 5.6%, respectively. The effect of configurations on ELALC was investigated. ELALCs with inclined connection tubes and with close downcomer were compared with regular ELALC in terms of hydrodynamic and gas-liquid mass transfer behaviors. The two configurations presented large agglomerate of gas bubbles on the top connection tubes which resulted in more gas holdups and less downcomer liquid velocity when compared with regular ELALC. The mathematical model was developed based on the mass conservation principals to predict the gas-liquid mass transfer in the ELALC. Basically ELALC was represented by a series of reactors, i.e. the riser, downcomer, top and bottom connection tubes were represented by the dispersion model, and the two gas separators represented by the stirred tank model. The simulation results were found to be reasonably accurate for all experimental conditions employed in this work.
Author: Sutrasno Kartohardjono
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fluid dynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
Author: William Charles Wernau
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gases
Languages : en
Pages : 548
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Book Description
Author: Enes Kadic
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118869834
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 330
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Book Description
Reviews and compares the major types of bioreactors, defines their pros and cons, and identifies research needs and figures of merit that have yet to be addressed Describes common modes of operation in bioreactors Covers the three common bioreactor types, including stirred-tank bioreactors, bubble column bioreactors, and airlift bioreactors Details less common bioreactors types, including fixed bed bioreactors and novel bioreactor designs Discusses advantages and disadvantages of each bioreactor and provides a procedure for optimal bioreactor selection based on current process needs Reviews the problems of bioreactor selection globally while considering all bioreactor options rather than concentrating on one specific bioreactor type
Author: Reginald Mann
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fluid dynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Author: Zenaida Otero
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fluid dynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 644
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Book Description
Author: Wai Man R. Lau
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fluidization
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract: Slurry bubble columns and gas-solid fluidized bed reactors are some of the most commonly used industrial processes. Considerable interests have been recognized in the field of physical, chemical, petrochemical, electrochemical, and biochemical operations (Fan, 1989). In these reactor systems, large axial dispersion of phases and high flow patterns can be achieved by the excellent macromixing characteristics. It also provides excellent heat and mass transfer without the aid of external mechanisms and relatively easy operation. Despite the advantages of operations, the transport behavior in these systems is very complex and a comprehensive knowledge of the hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer and mixing are required for successful application of these systems. Some aspects of the fundamental characteristics of evaporative liquid jets in gas-liquid-solid flows are studied and some pertinent literature is reviewed. It is found that the injection of an evaporative liquid jet decreases the minimum fluidization velocity at a high pressure due to the additional gas flow generated from liquid evaporation. Fluidizing gas velocities have no significant effect on the jet penetration length in a dense phase fluidized bed while it reduces the radial dispersed distance of the evaporative liquid. The tomographic images of liquid nitrogen injection in a dense phase fluidized bed indicate a distribution of reduced bubble sizes compared to a dry bed. The hydrodynamics, gas-liquid mass transfer properties and liquid entrainment phenomena in a high pressure and high temperature bubble column is investigated. Effects of pressure on hydrodynamics and mass transfer properties are mainly through the change in gas and liquid physical properties, which in turn changes the bubble dynamics that govern the transport phenomena. Experimental results show that liquid velocities have a direct influence on kl while other factors have a dominant effect on the interfacial area over kl. Liquid entrainment in bubble columns is controlled by the droplet formation during bubble bursting at interface. Effect of pressure on liquid entrainment is to due to the higher drag force exerted on the liquid droplet with higher gas density and the formation of smaller droplet by the smaller bubbles at high pressure.
Author: Marco Scala
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The mixing of two or more fluids is a rather common operation in all industrial processes. The main target of the mixing is to increase the interface area between phases in order to improve mass and heat transfer and facilitate then chemical reaction. Among the multiphase mixing stands out the gas liquid dispersion. The aim of the present work is to examine a specific type of mixers, namely the static mixer. Static mixers are located into a housing or pipeline to ensure a high blending of fluids. They are usually made by a series of inserts, in turn designed by holes, helical elements and oblique blades. These elements cause local accelerations and stretching of the fluid currents to reach a high mixing efficiency. The wide applications of static mixers in numerous industrial processes require better knowledge of the hydrodynamics in these devices. The gas-liquid flow pattern through a Sulzer static mixer SMXTM mounted in a vertical cylindrical tube was investigated in this study. The main goal was to assess the performance of the Sulzer static mixer SMXTM for gas-liquid applications in industrial processes. Experimental data were collected from two main optical techniques, Backlight Shadowgraph Technique (BST) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). 3D-printed static mixers were manufactured using transparent plastic in order to provide optical access. Three different liquids were used as the continuous phase, namely water, water with SDS and normal-heptane. The liquid phase was kept stagnant during the experiments. Five different lengths of mixers (with 1, 2, 5, 10 and 15 elements respectively) and several gaseous nitrogen flow rates from 1 to 10 l/h were analysed. The behaviour of the simple tube without mixing device, acting like a bubble column, was investigated as a reference, for comparison purposes with the SMXTM. Bubble diameter distributions at the inlet and outlet of the SMX mixers were evaluated. The velocity fields inside the mixers were quantified. The gas hold-up was also measured. The oxygen transfer performance in the SMX static mixer in air/water mixture was assessed by measuring the overall oxygen transferred. The mass transfer coefficient to the interfacial area kLa was determined and proved to be larger in the mixer. Volume-of-fluid numerical simulations of the mixer were performed with OpenFOAM. These 3D simulations were mainly focused on the behaviour of the SMX in an organic system at low gas flow rate (1 l/h). The numerical simulations were satisfactorily validated by experimental results. The comparison and the combination of the numerical and experimental results bring new insight into the flow pattern in a SMXTM static mixer.
Author: Subrata Kumar Majumder
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351249843
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
Slurry bubble column reactors are intensively used as a multiphase reactor in the chemical, biochemical, and petrochemical industries for carrying out reactions and mass transfer operations in which a gas, made up of one or several reactive components, comes into contact or reacts with a liquid. This volume describes the hydrodynamics of three-phase gas-liquid-solid flow in a downflow slurry bubble column. The efficiency of the downflow gas interacting system is characterized by the self-entrainment of secondary gas. The book covers the gas entrainment phenomena, gas holdup characteristics, pressure drop, gasliquid mixing characteristics, bubble size distribution, interfacial phenomena, and the mass transfer phenomena in the downflow slurry system. This volume will be useful in chemical and biochemical industries and in industrial research and development sectors, as well as in advanced education courses in this area. The book will be helpful for further understanding the multiphase behavior in gas interacting multiphase systems for research and development. The hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics discussed will be useful in the design and installation of the modified slurry bubble column in industry for specific applications.
