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Author: Peng Qu
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889748405
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 792
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Book Description
Author: Peng Qu
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889748405
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 792
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Huanfa Yi
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832529542
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
Author: Peter P. Lee
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303038862X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
This book addresses the biological processes relevant to the immune phenotypes of cancer and their significance for immune responsiveness, based on the premise that malignant cells manipulate their surroundings through an evolutionary process that is controlled by interactions with innate immune sensors as well as the adaptive recognition of self/non-self. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is now an accepted new form of cancer treatment. Other immuno-oncology approaches, such as adoptive cell therapy and metabolic inhibitors, have also shown promising results for specific indications. Immune resistance is common, however, limiting the efficacy of immunotherapy in many common cancer types. The reasons for such resistance are diverse and peculiar to the immune landscapes of individual cancers, and to the treatment modality used. Accordingly, approaches to circumvent resistance need to take into account context-specific genetic, biological and environmental factors that may affect the cancer immune cycle, and which can best be understood by studying the target tissue and correlated systemic immune markers. Understanding the major requirements for the evolutionary process governing human cancer growth in the immune-competent host will guide effective therapeutic choices that are tailored to the biology of individual cancers.
Author: Yongsheng Li
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889457850
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 87
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Book Description
Metabolism of glucose, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides represents the fundamental capability of host to utilize distinct nutrients and energy to support diverse function of different cell lineages. Cancer cells undergo the Warburg Effect to adapt to the microenvironment composed by stromal cells and immune cells. The crosstalk among cancer cells and immune cells orchestrate tumor progression. In the tumor microenvironment, immune cells also show metabolic reprogramming. For example, naive or memory T cells switch from the oxidation of fatty acids to glycolysis and glutaminolysis after activation; meanwhile massive glucose and glutamine are transported into cells to meet their metabolic demands. Defective glucose or glutamine metabolism impairs the differentiation and expansion of helper T cells. The molecular pathways that control immune cell metabolism and function are intimately linked. Understanding such metabolic reprogramming of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment could offer new directions in manipulation of peripheral immune responses. Recent findings in immune cell metabolism hold the promising possibilities by metabolic manipulation of immune cells towards clinical therapeutics for treating cancer. This Research Topic includes updated findings and views in the metabolism of cancer cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Author: Shay Soker
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 3319605119
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 225
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Book Description
Cancer cell biology research in general, and anti-cancer drug development specifically, still relies on standard cell culture techniques that place the cells in an unnatural environment. As a consequence, growing tumor cells in plastic dishes places a selective pressure that substantially alters their original molecular and phenotypic properties.The emerging field of regenerative medicine has developed bioengineered tissue platforms that can better mimic the structure and cellular heterogeneity of in vivo tissue, and are suitable for tumor bioengineering research. Microengineering technologies have resulted in advanced methods for creating and culturing 3-D human tissue. By encapsulating the respective cell type or combining several cell types to form tissues, these model organs can be viable for longer periods of time and are cultured to develop functional properties similar to native tissues. This approach recapitulates the dynamic role of cell–cell, cell–ECM, and mechanical interactions inside the tumor. Further incorporation of cells representative of the tumor stroma, such as endothelial cells (EC) and tumor fibroblasts, can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Collectively, bioengineered tumors create an important resource for the in vitro study of tumor growth in 3D including tumor biomechanics and the effects of anti-cancer drugs on 3D tumor tissue. These technologies have the potential to overcome current limitations to genetic and histological tumor classification and development of personalized therapies.
Author: Andras Szasz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048194989
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 575
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Book Description
Oncothermia is the next generation medical innovation that delivers selective, controlled and deep energy for cancer treatment. The basic principles for oncothermia stem from oncological hyperthermia, the oldest approach to treating cancer. Nevertheless, hyperthermia has been wrought with significant controversy, mostly stemming from shortcomings of controlled energy delivery. Oncothermia has been able to overcome these insufficiencies and prove to be a controlled, safe and efficacious treatment option. This book is the first attempt to elucidate the theory and practice of oncothermia, based on rigorous mathematical and biophysical analysis, not centered on the temperature increase. It is supported by numerous in-vitro and in-vivo findings and twenty years of clinical experience. This book will help scientists, researchers and medical practitioners in understanding the scientific and conceptual underpinnings of oncothermia and will add another valuable tool in the fight against cancer. Professor Andras Szasz is the inventor of oncothermia and the Head of St Istvan University's Biotechnics Department in Hungary. He has published over 300 papers and lectured at various universities around the world. Dr. Oliver Szasz is the managing director of Oncotherm, the global manufacturer and distributor of medical devices for cancer treatment used in Europe & Asia since the late 1980s. Dr. Nora Szasz is currently a management consultant in healthcare for McKinsey & Co.
Author: Salem Chouaib
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889638170
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Author: Yona Keisari
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400746946
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 161
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Book Description
The growing knowledge on tumor-immune response interactions and on the tumor microenvironment did not translate so far into better control of cancer by anti-tumor vaccination. The percentage of patients who benefited from vaccination strategies is still too small to justify their general use. It is the aim of this book to present an alternative to the conventional approach of developing injected tumor vaccines to activate anti-tumor immunity, which will fight cancer. It is argued that in situ tumor ablation (destruction) that involves tumor antigen release; cross presentation and the release of danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) can make the tumor its own cellular vaccine. Tumor ablation methods using chemicals, radiation, photodynamic therapy, cryoablation, high-temperature, radiofrequency, high intensity focused ultrasound, and electric-based ablation have been developed for focal tumors. In this book experts will deal with two main topics: I. What are the principles of the various ablation modalities, and II. How each method affects the tumor cells and their microenvironment, and how these effects are responsible for the induction of specific anti-tumor immunity. The aims of this book are thus: 1. Familiarize the readers with various methods of in situ tumor ablation. 2. Review the literature and stimulate comparisons on the efficacy of different ablation methods for the treatment of tumors of different histotypes. 3. Review the literature on the effects of various ablation methods on systemic and local anti tumor immunity and on other manifestations of the interactions of tumors with their microenvironment. 4. Stimulate comparative studies on the immunostimulatory effects of different ablation modalities.
Author: Dmitry I. Gabrilovich
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489980563
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 471
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Book Description
Tumor-Induced Immune Suppression - Prospects and Progress in Mechanisms and Therapeutic Reversal presents a comprehensive overview of large number of different mechanisms of immune dysfunction in cancer and therapeutic approaches to their correction. This includes the number of novel mechanisms that has never before been discussed in previous monographs. The last decades were characterized by substantial progress in the understanding of the role of the immune system in tumor progression. Researchers have learned how to manipulate the immune system to generate tumor specific immune response, which raises high expectations for immunotherapy to provide breakthroughs in cancer treatment. It is increasingly clear that tumor-induced abnormalities in the immune system not only hampers natural tumor immune surveillance, but also limits the effect of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, it is critically important to understand the mechanisms of tumor-induced immune suppression to make any progress in the field and this monograph provides these important insights.
Author: Xin He
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832549373
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
Cancer immunotherapy is based on using the immune system components to fight tumors, without destroying normal cells. Several immunotherapeutic strategies have been investigated and proposed for the treatment of cancers, including cancer vaccines containing tumor antigens that are used to induce immune responses against tumors, monoclonal antibodies against tumor antigens, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, many clinical trials have shown that the use of these methods as monotherapy is ineffective in many cases. Many tumors can resist immunotherapy due to the absence or insufficient infiltration of tumors with CD8+ T cells and hence, are called “cold” or non-inflammatory tumors. Cold tumors are characterized by a lack of infiltrating CD8+ T cells, the presence of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells, tumor-associated M2 macrophages, and regulatory T cells. A combination of other cancer therapeutic approaches, such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy with cancer vaccines, could dramatically enhance the efficacy and, eventually, the outcome of the treatment. Despite some success of the immunotherapy of oncological diseases, cold tumors represent one of the main therapeutic challenges for modern immunotherapy. It can be expected that in the near future, treatment algorithms will be developed to adapt the therapeutic strategies to the immune context of the tumor since treatment with checkpoint inhibitors or vaccines alone is not enough for cold tumors. Therefore, using other therapeutic approaches alongside the existing treatment methods can be more reasonable for cold tumors that do not strongly stimulate the immune system or resist against it. To apply targeted treatments such as the use of small molecules, small peptides, hybrid small molecules, biologically active peptides, non-protein isolates of food products or by-products, and every material that is capable of the disturbing immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) as an adjuvant therapy can reduce the resistance of cold tumors to immunotherapy which is so-called turning them into “warm” tumors. This research topic aims to cover all outstanding advances in immunology, medical chemistry and biochemistry, pharmacology, food engineering and molecular biology of contemporary molecular drug targets involved in cancer treatment and encompasses the following subjects: • Definition and explanation of cold tumors and challenges ahead toward their treatment • Designing and application of small peptides, small molecules, and other similar materials to overcome suppressive TME and break tumors resistance • Extraction and preparation of bioactive peptides or other components derived from natural resources to make cold tumor barriers fragile • Modifications and alterations leading to overcoming cold tumor resistance against cancer vaccines and ICP inhibitors Manuscripts consisting solely of bioinformatics or computational analysis of public genomic or transcriptomic databases which are not accompanied by robust and relevant validation (clinical cohort or biological validation in vitro or in vivo) are out of scope for this topic.
