Manipulating Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Oxidation to Reduce Fatness in Broiler Chickens PDF Download
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Author: Tania Emmanuelle Torchon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
Compared to rodents, broiler chickens, those reared for meat, are an attractive model for studies of adipose biology, and obesity development in children. The broiler chicken lacks the gene for uncoupling protein 1, the hallmark for brown adipose tissue making them a useful model to study lipid metabolism in white adipocytes. Two studies were performed to investigate if white adipose tissue had the metabolic ability for fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and to investigate the effects of dietary fatty acids on abdominal fat development of young broiler chickens as a model for childhood obesity. In study one, chickens were fasted for three, five, and seven hours. Afterwards, the oxidative flux from the citric acid cycle, and the citrate synthase enzyme activity were measured in white adipose tissue. In study two, young Cobb500 broilers, from age seven to 21 days, were fed isocaloric diets prepared using lard (primarily saturated), corn oil (primarily monounsaturated), flaxseed oil (enriched in alpha linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3, n-3)), or fish oil (enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6, n-3)), at 8% fat by weight. Physical characteristics, abdominal adipocyte histology, and abdominal adipose tissue gene expression profiles were altered due to dietary fatty acids. Collectively our studies confirm that white adipose tissue has the capacity to increase local FAO by increasing expression of key regulatory enzymes and proteins. Further, by altering the type of fatty acids consumed during childhood, adipose deposition and adipocyte size can be attenuated. These data confirm that FAO can be induced locally in white adipose tissue, dietary long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote reduced adipocyte size, and finally that these data could offer new therapeutic targets to reduce fatness in chickens and children.
Author: Tania Emmanuelle Torchon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
Compared to rodents, broiler chickens, those reared for meat, are an attractive model for studies of adipose biology, and obesity development in children. The broiler chicken lacks the gene for uncoupling protein 1, the hallmark for brown adipose tissue making them a useful model to study lipid metabolism in white adipocytes. Two studies were performed to investigate if white adipose tissue had the metabolic ability for fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and to investigate the effects of dietary fatty acids on abdominal fat development of young broiler chickens as a model for childhood obesity. In study one, chickens were fasted for three, five, and seven hours. Afterwards, the oxidative flux from the citric acid cycle, and the citrate synthase enzyme activity were measured in white adipose tissue. In study two, young Cobb500 broilers, from age seven to 21 days, were fed isocaloric diets prepared using lard (primarily saturated), corn oil (primarily monounsaturated), flaxseed oil (enriched in alpha linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3, n-3)), or fish oil (enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6, n-3)), at 8% fat by weight. Physical characteristics, abdominal adipocyte histology, and abdominal adipose tissue gene expression profiles were altered due to dietary fatty acids. Collectively our studies confirm that white adipose tissue has the capacity to increase local FAO by increasing expression of key regulatory enzymes and proteins. Further, by altering the type of fatty acids consumed during childhood, adipose deposition and adipocyte size can be attenuated. These data confirm that FAO can be induced locally in white adipose tissue, dietary long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote reduced adipocyte size, and finally that these data could offer new therapeutic targets to reduce fatness in chickens and children.
Author: Sarah Jane Howard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 75
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Book Description
The broiler chicken is an attractive model for human obesity, and childhood obesity in particular, due to its ability to eat independently at hatch, put on abdominal fat post-hatch, and its similarities in lipid metabolism. Three studies are presented to investigate the potential for omega-3 fatty acids administered in ovo and in the diet at hatch to alter adiposity. Studies one and two investigated manipulating the fat source in the diet from hatch to days 14 and 24, respectively. Oils tested included corn, lard, macadamia, tuna, fish, safflower, flaxseed, and coconut. Data concerning body weight, breast weight, and abdominal fat weight were measured. In addition, basal lipolysis, PPARɣ expression, and ex vivo lipolysis and adipocyte differentiation were explored. The third study was the first known experiment to attempt in ovo injections of lipids at day 17.5 of incubation, and focused on improving the technique for fatty acids. The oils tested for in ovo injections were corn oil and fish oil, though the experiment was cut short due to neurological issues. The first two studies confirm that enriching the diet in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be used to decrease adipocyte size and differentiation, which could potentially provide benefits to both broiler chickens and humans.
Author: Jie Wen
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889764214
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Author: K.N. Boorman
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 1483162052
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 389
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Book Description
The Control of Fat and Lean Deposition is a collection of papers dealing with the methods of influencing fat and lean deposition in whole animals, such as the use of the immune response, the use of exogenously applied materials, transgenesis, or the diet itself. The papers also consider the results of fat manipulation and lean deposition on meat quality to achieve suitabilty for human consumption. Some papers review the hormonal regulation of muscle protein synthesis, degradation, and cell growth, noting that muscle protein turnover involves the regulation of cellular growth and metabolism of the whole body. Another paper investigates the surge in lipid accumulation during fattening, as well as the correlation between changes in flux or enzyme activities in growing animals to changes in lipid accretion. One paper examines the responsiveness of prenatal development of key tissues, such as skeletal tissue and adipose, to nongenetic influences. The paper also analyzes how such responsiveness influence the rate and composition of postnatal growth. Another paper discusses the observation that reducing fat content especially on the muscle tissue itself can adversely affect the eating quality and tenderness of meat. The collection is suitable for veterinarians, livestock growers, and researchers engaged in food processing and preservation.
Author: YAHAV.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781789182941
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: B. Leclercq
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483100790
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 420
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Book Description
Leanness in Domestic Birds: Genetic, Metabolic, and Hormonal Aspects is a proceeding of a symposium held in Tours, France, from 4 to 6 August 1987. Said symposium was concerned with genetic and metabolic factors associated with leanness of poultry and accounts of research in these areas. The book is divided into six parts. Part I covers studies that involve genetics in the selection of meat leanness. Part II deals with the relationship of feed intake and metabolism to the leanness of poultry. Part III discusses the lipid metabolism in birds and its related factors and effects. Part IV talks about the use of hormones such as insulin, thyroid hormones, and corticosteroids in the control of fatness in birds. Part V covers studies involving amino acid metabolism and its relation to leanness in poultry, and Part VI talks about the applications of the studies in commercial use. The text is recommended for zoologists, agriculturists, and poultry farmers who would like to know more about the different factors that affect the leanness of domestic birds and its implications.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN: 0309049970
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Book Description
In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309037956
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients.
Author: A. Kuksis
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9780306335815
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 469
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Book Description
The advances in lipid biochemistry over the past 25 to 30 years have been dramatic and exciting. The elucidation of the pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis and oxidation, the delineation of the biogenesis of cholesterol from small-molecular weight precursors, the structure proof of simple and complex lipids from plants, animals, and microorganisms, are excellent examples of the spectacular advances made during the golden era of lipid biochemistry. The multifaceted discoveries in these diverse areas of study could be attributed to development of highly sophisticated column chromatographic techniques for separation and purification of simple and complex lipids. The advent of thin-layer chromatography as well as gas liquid chromatography provided an explosive impetus to research developments in this field. Concomitant advances in mass spectrometry allowed an interface with gas-liquid chromatography which spawned even greater insight into the structure of lipids. These eventful days of lipid chemistry nearly 25 years ago led to a relatively quiescent period wherein scientists applied these newly available techniques to investigation of the behavior of isolated (lipid) enzyme systems and to unraveling the intricacies of the metabolic behavior of lipids in the intact cell or whole organisms. Then, in the early 1960s, a decided change in research emphasis developed with the advent of a simple, reproducible procedure for the isolation of cell membranes.
Author: S. Leeson
Publisher: Nottingham University Press
ISBN: 190476178X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 413
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Book Description
Covering a variety of essential topics relating to commercial poultry nutrition and production—including feeding systems and poultry diets—this complete reference is ideal for professionals in the poultry-feed industries, veterinarians, nutritionists, and farm managers. Detailed and accessible, the guide analyzes commercial poultry production at a worldwide level and outlines the importance it holds for maintaining essential food supplies. With ingredient evaluations and diet formulations, the study's compressive models for feeding programs target a wide range of commercially prominent poultry, including laying hens, broiler chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, and game birds, among others.
