Author: Thomas E. Croley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Evaporation (Meteorology)
Languages : en
Pages : 60
Book Description
Lake evaporation for the Laurentian Great Lakes is of the same order of magnitude as precipitation and runoff to the lakes and its estimation is important for simulations and forecasts of lake levels. Water or energy balance estimates of Great Lakes evaporation require storage-change data, not available in simulations or forecasts, and errors in the components of the balances are summed in the residual, giving large estimation errors for evaporation. Evaporation models, which use the aerodynamic equation with mass transfer coefficients developed originally in the Lake Hefner studies, were further developed for Lake Ontario during the International Field Year for the Great Lakes and adapted for other Great Lakes. Neither these models nor the balance models can be verified since independent estimates of evaporation are not available with sufficient accuracy. However, surface temperatures are available and can be used as verification data. The mass transfer coefficient research (where water surface temperatures must be known) is combined here with lumped model concepts of classical energy conservation and superposition heat storage to provide continuous simulation capability of both water surface temperatures and lake evaporation for use in outlooks and forecasts of lake levels. A new function is presented that uses a simple relation between surface temperature and heat stored in a lake based on current understandings of the thermal structure of large lakes. Calibration of the resulting model matches the water surface temperatures for those Great Lakes and small Lake St. Clair with satellite observations of water surface temperatures over the past 20 years. Evaporation and heat budgets over the annual cycle are presented for four of the Great Lakes and Lake St. Clair, and comparisons with long-term water balances are made.
Lumped Modeling of Laurentian Great Lakes Evaporation, Heat Storage, and Energy Fluxes for Forecasting and Simulation
Author: Thomas E. Croley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Evaporation (Meteorology)
Languages : en
Pages : 60
Book Description
Lake evaporation for the Laurentian Great Lakes is of the same order of magnitude as precipitation and runoff to the lakes and its estimation is important for simulations and forecasts of lake levels. Water or energy balance estimates of Great Lakes evaporation require storage-change data, not available in simulations or forecasts, and errors in the components of the balances are summed in the residual, giving large estimation errors for evaporation. Evaporation models, which use the aerodynamic equation with mass transfer coefficients developed originally in the Lake Hefner studies, were further developed for Lake Ontario during the International Field Year for the Great Lakes and adapted for other Great Lakes. Neither these models nor the balance models can be verified since independent estimates of evaporation are not available with sufficient accuracy. However, surface temperatures are available and can be used as verification data. The mass transfer coefficient research (where water surface temperatures must be known) is combined here with lumped model concepts of classical energy conservation and superposition heat storage to provide continuous simulation capability of both water surface temperatures and lake evaporation for use in outlooks and forecasts of lake levels. A new function is presented that uses a simple relation between surface temperature and heat stored in a lake based on current understandings of the thermal structure of large lakes. Calibration of the resulting model matches the water surface temperatures for those Great Lakes and small Lake St. Clair with satellite observations of water surface temperatures over the past 20 years. Evaporation and heat budgets over the annual cycle are presented for four of the Great Lakes and Lake St. Clair, and comparisons with long-term water balances are made.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Evaporation (Meteorology)
Languages : en
Pages : 60
Book Description
Lake evaporation for the Laurentian Great Lakes is of the same order of magnitude as precipitation and runoff to the lakes and its estimation is important for simulations and forecasts of lake levels. Water or energy balance estimates of Great Lakes evaporation require storage-change data, not available in simulations or forecasts, and errors in the components of the balances are summed in the residual, giving large estimation errors for evaporation. Evaporation models, which use the aerodynamic equation with mass transfer coefficients developed originally in the Lake Hefner studies, were further developed for Lake Ontario during the International Field Year for the Great Lakes and adapted for other Great Lakes. Neither these models nor the balance models can be verified since independent estimates of evaporation are not available with sufficient accuracy. However, surface temperatures are available and can be used as verification data. The mass transfer coefficient research (where water surface temperatures must be known) is combined here with lumped model concepts of classical energy conservation and superposition heat storage to provide continuous simulation capability of both water surface temperatures and lake evaporation for use in outlooks and forecasts of lake levels. A new function is presented that uses a simple relation between surface temperature and heat stored in a lake based on current understandings of the thermal structure of large lakes. Calibration of the resulting model matches the water surface temperatures for those Great Lakes and small Lake St. Clair with satellite observations of water surface temperatures over the past 20 years. Evaporation and heat budgets over the annual cycle are presented for four of the Great Lakes and Lake St. Clair, and comparisons with long-term water balances are made.
Lumped Modeling of Laurention Great Lakes Evaporation, Heat Storage, and Energy Fluxes for Forecasting and Simulation
Author: United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 48
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 48
Book Description
NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental management
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental management
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Book Description
Proceedings of the First Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrologic models
Languages : en
Pages : 622
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrologic models
Languages : en
Pages : 622
Book Description
Potential Climate Change Effects on Great Lakes Hydrodynamics and Water Quality
Author: David C. L. Lam
Publisher: ASCE Publications
ISBN: 9780784474686
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 236
Book Description
This report provides a state-of-the-art review of the climate change effects on lake hydrodynamics and water quality. Most of the engineering cases in this book deal with the ability of existing infrastructure to cope with extreme weather conditions. The case studies are intended to illustrate the advancement in modeling research on lake hydrodynamics, thermal stratification, pollutant transport, and water quality by highlighting the climate change aspects in the application of these techniques. Topics include climate and lake responses, lake thermodynamics, large-scale circulation, wind-waves on large lakes, great lakes ice cover, and water quality.
Publisher: ASCE Publications
ISBN: 9780784474686
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 236
Book Description
This report provides a state-of-the-art review of the climate change effects on lake hydrodynamics and water quality. Most of the engineering cases in this book deal with the ability of existing infrastructure to cope with extreme weather conditions. The case studies are intended to illustrate the advancement in modeling research on lake hydrodynamics, thermal stratification, pollutant transport, and water quality by highlighting the climate change aspects in the application of these techniques. Topics include climate and lake responses, lake thermodynamics, large-scale circulation, wind-waves on large lakes, great lakes ice cover, and water quality.
Annual Report - Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory
Author: Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental sciences
Languages : en
Pages : 64
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental sciences
Languages : en
Pages : 64
Book Description
The Role of Water and the Hydrological Cycle in Global Change
Author: Howard R. Oliver
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642798306
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 472
Book Description
Water is an extremely important factor in global environmental change. Water influences the processes causing change. The human and economic consequences of changes in the water system can be very significant. The aim of this NATO Advanced Study Institute was to present a state-of-the-art assessment of the role of water in global change, ranging from a consideration of atmospheric processes to the social and political impacts of changes in water resources. Many initiatives have recently been developed, such as international conferences and research programmes in particular themes, but there was still a need for information from these diverse activities to be brought together. One of the aims of the ASI was to encourage cross-fertilization between the various disciplines looking at water in the global system. This book contains the expanded written versions of the lectures presented during the AS! held in Italy in May/June 1994. It falls into two basic parts. The first twelve chapters cover the role of water in the climate system and climate modelling. Various areas of the water balance including global budgets, the effect of each element of the water balance on regional and global climates, and procedures used to model hydrological processes at all scales are discussed. Precipitation, ice, lake, groundwater, land surface and atmospheric considerations are included together with hydrological process linkage to climate models. Ocean effects were not covered as they were considered to be outside the scope of this particular AS!.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642798306
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 472
Book Description
Water is an extremely important factor in global environmental change. Water influences the processes causing change. The human and economic consequences of changes in the water system can be very significant. The aim of this NATO Advanced Study Institute was to present a state-of-the-art assessment of the role of water in global change, ranging from a consideration of atmospheric processes to the social and political impacts of changes in water resources. Many initiatives have recently been developed, such as international conferences and research programmes in particular themes, but there was still a need for information from these diverse activities to be brought together. One of the aims of the ASI was to encourage cross-fertilization between the various disciplines looking at water in the global system. This book contains the expanded written versions of the lectures presented during the AS! held in Italy in May/June 1994. It falls into two basic parts. The first twelve chapters cover the role of water in the climate system and climate modelling. Various areas of the water balance including global budgets, the effect of each element of the water balance on regional and global climates, and procedures used to model hydrological processes at all scales are discussed. Precipitation, ice, lake, groundwater, land surface and atmospheric considerations are included together with hydrological process linkage to climate models. Ocean effects were not covered as they were considered to be outside the scope of this particular AS!.
Environmental Research Laboratories Publication Abstracts
Author: Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental protection
Languages : en
Pages : 228
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental protection
Languages : en
Pages : 228
Book Description
Publications Abstracts
Author: Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental policy
Languages : en
Pages : 240
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental policy
Languages : en
Pages : 240
Book Description
Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description