Author: George C. Lin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 348

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Book Description

Author: Vadim S. Kraynov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 244

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Author: Daniela Starcevic
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 306

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Book Description

Author: R. Stephen Lloyd
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1839162511
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 509

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Book Description
The overall aim of these books is to give scientists in academia and industry a comprehensive overview of the field of DNA damage and DNA repair and related human diseases.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 810

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Author: Kevin Andrew Fiala
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : DNA damage
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Abstract: DNA polymerases are the enzymes responsible for the vital task of faithfully duplicating genomes in order to pass on these genetically encoded instructions to their offspring. However, the process of faithfully propagating this information is hindered in all organisms due to endogenous and exogenous agents that damage DNA. While DNA repair mechanisms correct the vast majority of the resulting DNA lesions, unrepaired lesions do persist in the presence of fully functional repair mechanisms. Fortunately cells have evolved a class of promiscuous enzymes known as lesion bypass polymerases that have been shown to bypass DNA lesions that stall the high fidelity replicative DNA polymerases. Here, we have studied two DNA polymerases, human DNA polymerase [lambda] and Sulfolobus solfataricus DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4), which are thought to be involved in the previously mentioned cellular processes of DNA repair and DNA lesion bypass respectively. In the process of establishing a minimal kinetic mechanism for the incorporation of a single nucleotide into undamaged DNA catalyzed by human DNA polymerase [lambda], we discovered a novel mechanism in which one of its non-enzymatic N-terminal domains, the Proline-rich domain, dramatically increases the fidelity of the C-terminal DNA polymerase [beta]-like domain by 10- to 100-fold to the level equivalent to that observed with DNA polymerase [beta], with which it shares 33% sequence identity. Moreover, we have also explored the effects of various structurally distinct DNA substrates on the catalytic efficiency of nucleotide incorporation where we determined the downstream strand and its 5'-phosphate increase the incorporation efficiency by 15- and 11-fold respectively. We have used S. solfataricus Dpo4 as a model Y-family DNA polymerase to elucidate the kinetic mechanism for nucleotide incorporation at both 37 °C and 56 °C, demonstrating that Dpo4 uses an induced-fit mechanism to select and incorporate a correct nucleotide into undamaged DNA independent of reaction temperature. We have also demonstrated using a variety of techniques that Dpo4 predominantly uses two distinct pathways (A-rule and lesion loop-out mechanism) to bypass an abasic site lesion. Taken together, these observations provide compelling evidence for the observation made by Joyce and Benkovic that DNA polymerases defy a unified description.

Author: Zvi Kelman
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889194558
Category : Biotechnology
Languages : en
Pages : 147

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Book Description
DNA polymerases are core tools for molecular biology including PCR, whole genome amplification, DNA sequencing and genotyping. Research has focused on discovery of novel DNA polymerases, characterization of DNA polymerase biochemistry and development of new replication assays. These studies have accelerated DNA polymerase engineering for biotechnology. For example, DNA polymerases have been engineered for increased speed and fidelity in PCR while lowering amplification sequence bias. Inhibitor resistant DNA polymerase variants enable PCR directly from tissue (i.e. blood). Design of DNA polymerases that efficiently incorporate modified nucleotide have been critical for development of next generation DNA sequencing, synthetic biology and other labeling and detection technologies. The Frontiers in Microbiology Research Topic on DNA polymerases in Biotechnology aims to capture current research on DNA polymerases and their use in emerging technologies.

Author: Giovanni Maga
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9813226420
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 398

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Book Description
Maintenance of the information embedded in the genomic DNA sequence is essential for life. DNA polymerases play pivotal roles in the complex processes that maintain genetic integrity. Besides their tasks in vivo, DNA polymerases are the workhorses in numerous biotechnology applications such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cDNA cloning, next generation sequencing, nucleic acids based diagnostics and in techniques to analyze ancient and otherwise damaged DNA (e.g. for forensic applications). Moreover, some diseases are related to DNA polymerase defects and chemotherapy through inhibition of DNA polymerases is used to fight HIV, Herpes and Hepatitis B and C infections. This book focuses on (i) biology of DNA polymerases, (ii) medical aspects of DNA polymerases and (iii) biotechnological applications of DNA polymerases. It is intended for a wide audience from basic scientists, to diagnostic laboratories, to companies and to clinicians, who seek a better understanding and the practical use of these fascinating enzymes.

Author: Katsuhiko S. Murakami
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642397964
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 342

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Book Description
This book provides a review of the multitude of nucleic acid polymerases, including DNA and RNA polymerases from Archea, Bacteria and Eukaryota, mitochondrial and viral polymerases, and other specialized polymerases such as telomerase, template-independent terminal nucleotidyl transferase and RNA self-replication ribozyme. Although many books cover several different types of polymerases, no book so far has attempted to catalog all nucleic acid polymerases. The goal of this book is to be the top reference work for postgraduate students, postdocs, and principle investigators who study polymerases of all varieties. In other words, this book is for polymerase fans by polymerase fans. Nucleic acid polymerases play a fundamental role in genome replication, maintenance, gene expression and regulation. Throughout evolution these enzymes have been pivotal in transforming life towards RNA self-replicating systems as well as into more stable DNA genomes. These enzymes are generally extremely efficient and accurate in RNA transcription and DNA replication and share common kinetic and structural features. How catalysis can be so amazingly fast without loss of specificity is a question that has intrigued researchers for over 60 years. Certain specialized polymerases that play a critical role in cellular metabolism are used for diverse biotechnological applications and are therefore an essential tool for research.

Author: Errol C. Friedberg
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Press
ISBN: 1555813194
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2587

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Book Description
An essential resource for all scientists researching cellular responses to DNA damage. • Introduces important new material reflective of the major changes and developments that have occurred in the field over the last decade. • Discussed the field within a strong historical framework, and all aspects of biological responses to DNA damage are detailed. • Provides information on covering sources and consequences of DNA damage; correcting altered bases in DNA: DNA repair; DNA damage tolerance and mutagenesis; regulatory responses to DNA damage in eukaryotes; and disease states associated with defective biological responses to DNA damage.