Logic: The Theory of Formal Inference PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Logic: The Theory of Formal Inference PDF full book. Access full book title Logic: The Theory of Formal Inference by Alice Ambrose. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Alice Ambrose
Publisher: Courier Dover Publications
ISBN: 0486808599
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 100
Get Book Here
Book Description
Geared toward college undergraduates new to the subject, this concise introduction to formal logic was written by Alice Ambrose and Morris Lazerowitz, a pair of noted scholars and prolific authors in this field. A preliminary section opens the subject under the heading of truth-functions. Two subsequent parts on quantification and classes, each subdivided into numerous brief specifics, complete the overview. Suitable for students of philosophy as well as mathematics, the three-part treatment begins with the intuitive development of the standard theory of sentential connectives (called "operators"). The theory is further developed with the assistance of truth-tables and ultimately as a logistic system. Part II explores first-order quantification theory. In addition to examining most of the familiar laws that can be expressed by monadic formulas, the text addresses polyadic principles and the theories of identity and descriptions. Part III focuses on elementary concepts of classes, from class membership and class inclusion to the algebra of classes. Each part concludes with a series of exercises.
Author: Alice Ambrose
Publisher: Courier Dover Publications
ISBN: 0486808599
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 100
Get Book Here
Book Description
Geared toward college undergraduates new to the subject, this concise introduction to formal logic was written by Alice Ambrose and Morris Lazerowitz, a pair of noted scholars and prolific authors in this field. A preliminary section opens the subject under the heading of truth-functions. Two subsequent parts on quantification and classes, each subdivided into numerous brief specifics, complete the overview. Suitable for students of philosophy as well as mathematics, the three-part treatment begins with the intuitive development of the standard theory of sentential connectives (called "operators"). The theory is further developed with the assistance of truth-tables and ultimately as a logistic system. Part II explores first-order quantification theory. In addition to examining most of the familiar laws that can be expressed by monadic formulas, the text addresses polyadic principles and the theories of identity and descriptions. Part III focuses on elementary concepts of classes, from class membership and class inclusion to the algebra of classes. Each part concludes with a series of exercises.
Author: Augustus De Morgan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Logic
Languages : en
Pages : 376
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Alexander Bochman
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262362244
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 367
Get Book Here
Book Description
A general formal theory of causal reasoning as a logical study of causal models, reasoning, and inference. In this book, Alexander Bochman presents a general formal theory of causal reasoning as a logical study of causal models, reasoning, and inference, basing it on a supposition that causal reasoning is not a competitor of logical reasoning but its complement for situations lacking logically sufficient data or knowledge. Bochman also explores the relationship of this theory with the popular structural equation approach to causality proposed by Judea Pearl and explores several applications ranging from artificial intelligence to legal theory, including abduction, counterfactuals, actual and proximate causality, dynamic causal models, and reasoning about action and change in artificial intelligence. As logical preparation, before introducing causal concepts, Bochman describes an alternative, situation-based semantics for classical logic that provides a better understanding of what can be captured by purely logical means. He then presents another prerequisite, outlining those parts of a general theory of nonmonotonic reasoning that are relevant to his own theory. These two components provide a logical background for the main, two-tier formalism of the causal calculus that serves as the formal basis of his theory. He presents the main causal formalism of the book as a natural generalization of classical logic that allows for causal reasoning. This provides a formal background for subsequent chapters. Finally, Bochman presents a generalization of causal reasoning to dynamic domains.
Author: P. F. Strawson
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136810676
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 280
Get Book Here
Book Description
First published in 1952, professor Strawson’s highly influential Introduction to Logical Theory provides a detailed examination of the relationship between the behaviour of words in common language and the behaviour of symbols in a logical system. He seeks to explain both the exact nature of the discipline known as Formal Logic, and also to reveal something of the intricate logical structure of ordinary unformalised discourse.
Author: Aladdin M. Yaqub
Publisher: Broadview Press
ISBN: 1551119935
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 438
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book reclaims logic as a branch of philosophy, offering a self-contained and complete introduction to the three traditional systems of classical logic (term, sentence, and predicate logic) and the philosophical issues that surround those systems. The exposition is lucid, clear, and engaging. Practical methods are favored over the traditional, and creative approaches over the merely mechanical. The author’s guiding principle is to introduce classical logic in an intellectually honest way, and not to shy away from difficulties and controversies where they arise. Relevant philosophical issues, such as the relation between the meaning and the referent of a proper name, logical versus metaphysical possibility, and the conceptual content of an expression, are discussed throughout. In this way, the book is not only an introduction to the three main systems of classical logic, but also an introduction to the philosophy of classical logic.
Author: Patrick Suppes
Publisher: Courier Corporation
ISBN: 0486138054
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 340
Get Book Here
Book Description
Part I of this coherent, well-organized text deals with formal principles of inference and definition. Part II explores elementary intuitive set theory, with separate chapters on sets, relations, and functions. Ideal for undergraduates.
Author: Bernard Bosanquet
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Logic
Languages : en
Pages : 190
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: John Neville Keynes
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780266246251
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Excerpt from Studies and Exercises in Formal Logic: Including a Generalization of Logical Processes in Their Application to Complex Inference Points of theory have received considerable develop ment. Throughout the book the unanswered exercises are now separated from the expository matter and placed together at the end of the several chapters in which they occur. An index has been added. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: R.H. Johnson
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080532918
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 509
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Handbook of the Logic of Argument and Inference is an authoritative reference work in a single volume, designed for the attention of senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in all the leading research areas concerned with the logic of practical argument and inference. After an introductory chapter, the role of standard logics is surveyed in two chapters. These chapters can serve as a mini-course for interested readers, in deductive and inductive logic, or as a refresher. Then follow two chapters of criticism; one the internal critique and the other the empirical critique. The first deals with objections to standard logics (as theories of argument and inference) arising from the research programme in philosophical logic. The second canvasses criticisms arising from work in cognitive and experimental psychology. The next five chapters deal with developments in dialogue logic, interrogative logic, informal logic, probability logic and artificial intelligence. The last chapter surveys formal approaches to practical reasoning and anticipates possible future developments. Taken as a whole the Handbook is a single-volume indication of the present state of the logic of argument and inference at its conceptual and theoretical best. Future editions will periodically incorporate significant new developments.
Author: Wei Li
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3764399775
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 273
Get Book Here
Book Description
Mathematical logic is a branch of mathematics that takes axiom systems and mathematical proofs as its objects of study. This book shows how it can also provide a foundation for the development of information science and technology. The first five chapters systematically present the core topics of classical mathematical logic, including the syntax and models of first-order languages, formal inference systems, computability and representability, and Gödel’s theorems. The last five chapters present extensions and developments of classical mathematical logic, particularly the concepts of version sequences of formal theories and their limits, the system of revision calculus, proschemes (formal descriptions of proof methods and strategies) and their properties, and the theory of inductive inference. All of these themes contribute to a formal theory of axiomatization and its application to the process of developing information technology and scientific theories. The book also describes the paradigm of three kinds of language environments for theories and it presents the basic properties required of a meta-language environment. Finally, the book brings these themes together by describing a workflow for scientific research in the information era in which formal methods, interactive software and human invention are all used to their advantage. This book represents a valuable reference for graduate and undergraduate students and researchers in mathematics, information science and technology, and other relevant areas of natural sciences. Its first five chapters serve as an undergraduate text in mathematical logic and the last five chapters are addressed to graduate students in relevant disciplines.
