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Author: Helmut Moritz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geodesy
Languages : en
Pages : 47
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Book Description
The present report reviews and interrelates various methods for the local or regional determination of the geoid or of height anomalies according to Molodensky (i.e, of the quasi-geoid) from deflections of the vertical -- the astrogeodetic method -- or by a combination of vertical deflections with gravity anomalies by least-squares collocation. The classical astrogeodetic determination of the geoid by integration of vertical deflections reduced to sea level is compared with Molodensky's determination of height anomalies by integration of vertical deflections along the earth's surface. Extensive consideration is given to the reduction for curvature of the plumb line and to topographic-isostatic reduction of vertical deflections in the classical sense, which is a reduction to sea level, and in the modern sense, where the point remains on earth's surface. Then the application of collocation to the present problem is discussed. Finally, some results concerning geoid computations for Austria by collocation are outlined.
Author: Helmut Moritz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geodesy
Languages : en
Pages : 47
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Book Description
The present report reviews and interrelates various methods for the local or regional determination of the geoid or of height anomalies according to Molodensky (i.e, of the quasi-geoid) from deflections of the vertical -- the astrogeodetic method -- or by a combination of vertical deflections with gravity anomalies by least-squares collocation. The classical astrogeodetic determination of the geoid by integration of vertical deflections reduced to sea level is compared with Molodensky's determination of height anomalies by integration of vertical deflections along the earth's surface. Extensive consideration is given to the reduction for curvature of the plumb line and to topographic-isostatic reduction of vertical deflections in the classical sense, which is a reduction to sea level, and in the modern sense, where the point remains on earth's surface. Then the application of collocation to the present problem is discussed. Finally, some results concerning geoid computations for Austria by collocation are outlined.
Author: Richard H. Rapp
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461231043
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 508
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Book Description
Rapid growth of geodetic information provided by the Global Positioning System (GPS) and stringent requirements for a precise geoid in ocean areas for ocean circulation models have spurred interest in geoid studies. As a result, the International Geoid Commission was formed to provide a focus for this important geoid research. Determination of the Geoid: Present and Future is the result of the first meeting of the Commission, held at the Instituto di Topografia, Fotogrammetria e Geofisica at the Politecnico di Milano, June 1990. Six major topics are presented: Global Geopotential Models: Present and Future; Role of Topography in Geoid Computations; the Geoid and the Global Positioning System; the State of Computation of National or Regional Geoids; Software and Data Improvements for Geoid Computations; and Recent Developments in the GEOMED (Determination of the Geoid in the Mediterranean) Project.
Author: Mr. Petr Vanicek
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000102939
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Geoid and its Geophysical Interpretations explains how an accurate geoid can be constructed and used for a variety of applied and theoretical geophysical purposes. The book discusses existing techniques for geoid computation, recently developed mathematical and computational tools designed for applications, and various interpretations. Principles and results are well illustrated. This book will be an excellent reference for geodesists, geophysicists, geophysical prospectors, oceanographers, and researchers and students in geophysics and geodesy.
Author: Juan Gilberto Serpas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geodesy
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract: The local geoid in a test area in the Canadian Rocky Mountains is computed using airborne gravimetry data. The geoid is computed by using the vertical and horizontal components (VC and HC) of the gravity disturbance vector. In addition, the combination of the three components by least squares collocation (LSC) is done. The use of crossovers to estimate biases and trends in the gravity signals, and the use of minimal control as constraints in the crossover adjustment are studied. Moreover, the downward continuation and direct and indirect effects due to removal and restoration of masses are investigated. An expression for the effect of the masses applied to disturbing potential is provided. Geoid estimates coming from VC and HC, computed using Hotine's and line integral, show the same level of accuracy when compared to the Canadian geoid. Relative accuracies on the order of 3 to 7 cm for the VC geoid, and of 4 to 12 cm for the HC geoid are achieved. The VC geoid suffers from edge effects on the results, while the HC geoid is highly dependent on ground control. Regarding the estimation of the geoid by LSC, using the three components of the gravity disturbance vector (3C-LSC), we observe differences in the range of 4 to 6 cm, with respect to the Canadian geoid. Comparing the 3C-LSC geoid with the VC geoid using Hotine's integral, the 3C-LSC are comparable and improved for some lines. In general the result from the 3C-LSC are better than those from HC, by line integral. On the other hand, the use of only the vertical component by least squares collocation (VC-LSC) provides, in general, better results than those from 3C-LSC, and those from the VC and HC by the use of Hotine's and line integral. We could expect better results for the case of 3C-LSC if we are able to improve the quality of the measured horizontal components of the gravity disturbance vector. The application of a wave correlation filter to both HC and VC geoids show promising results for the improvement of the accuracy of the combined geoid.
Author: Bernhard Hofmann-Wellenhof
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3211274677
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 413
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Book Description
Based on "Heiskanen/Moritz" which served for more than 30 years as a standard reference Treats physical geodesy encyclopaedically Seamless blend of new ideas and methods (GPS, satellites, collocation)
Author: Urho A. Uotila
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 17
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Book Description
This report briefly summarizes the research described in detail in twelve scientific reports. The research described includes theories of nutation and polar motion, spherical spline interpolation, local geoid determination in mountain regions, mass point models, prediction of gravity disturbance vector at high altitudes, isostatic earth model and application of the finite element method to the geodetic boundary value problem.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 836
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Book Description
Author: Fernando Sansò
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540747001
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 748
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Book Description
This book will be based on the material of the lecture noties in several International Schools for the Determination and Use of the Geoid, organized by the International Geoid Serivice of the International Association of Geodesy. It consolidates, unifies, and streamlines this material in a unique way not covereed by the few other books that exist on this subjext. More specifically, the book presents (for the first time in a single volume) the theory and methodology of the most common technique used for precise determination of the geoid, including the computation of the marine geoid from satellite altimetry data. These are illustrated by specific examples and actual computations of local geoids. In addition, the book provides the fundamentals of estimating orthometric heights without spirit levelling, by properly combining a geoid with heights from GPS. Besides the geodectic and geophysical uses, this last application has made geoid computation methods very popular in recent years because the entire GPS and GIS user communities are interested in estimating geoid undulations in order to convert GPS heights to physically meaningful orthometric heights (elevations above mean sea level). The overall purpose of the book is, therefore, to provide the user community (academics, graduate students, geophysicists, engineers, oceanographers, GIS and GPS users, researchers) with a self-contained textbook, which will supply them with the complete roadmap of estimating geoid undulations, from the theoretical definitions and formulas to the available numerical methods and their implementation and the test in practice.
Author: Fernando Sansò
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642798241
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 453
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Book Description
In 1954, Antonio Marussi started a series of symposia in Venice. The first three of these covered the entire theoretical definition of 3-D geodesy as delineated in discussions with renowned contemporary scientists, particularly Martin Hotine. After Marussi's death, the symposia were finally named the Hotine-Marussi Symposia and were continued in Italy. The Third Hotine-Marussi Symposium was held in L'Aquila from May 30 to June 3, 1994. It provided geodesists interested in theory and methodology with the opportunity to discuss their theoretical achievements, as well as new topics in the geodetic sciences. This book thus provides an updated overview of the main geodetic theories in various fields of application.
Author: Wolfgang Torge
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110723409
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 716
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Book Description
The fifth edition of this textbook has been completely revised and significantly extended in order to reflect the revolution of geodetic technologies, methods and applications during the last decade. The Global Geodetic Observing System established by the IAG utilizes a variety of techniques to determine the geometric shape of the earth and its kinematics, the variations of earth rotation, and the earth’s gravity field. The societal importance of geodetic products was highlighted by the UN resolution on the Global Geodetic Reference Frame. In this context, both space and terrestrial techniques play a fundamental role. Recent space missions are monitoring climate-relevant processes such as mass transport in the Earth system and sea level changes. The analysis of the time variation of the geodetic products provides the link to neighboring geosciences and contributes to proper modelling of geodynamic processes. New satellite mission concepts and novel technologies such as quantum gravimetry and optical clocks show great potential to further improve the geodetic observing system in the future. The book especially addresses graduate students in the fields of geodesy, geophysics, surveying engineering, geomatics, and space navigation. It should also serve as a reference for geoscientists and engineers facing geodetic problems in their professional work. The book follows the principal directions of geodesy, providing the theoretical background as well as the principles of measurement and evaluation methods, which is enriched with numerous figures. An extensive reference list supports further studies.
