Learning in Fractured Problems with Constructive Neural Network Algorithms PDF Download
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Author: Nate F. Kohl
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Evolution of neural networks, or neuroevolution, has been a successful approach to many low-level control problems such as pole balancing, vehicle control, and collision warning. However, certain types of problems -- such as those involving strategic decision-making -- have remained difficult to solve. This dissertation proposes the hypothesis that such problems are difficult because they are fractured: The correct action varies discontinuously as the agent moves from state to state. To evaluate this hypothesis, a method for measuring fracture using the concept of function variation of optimal policies is proposed. This metric is used to evaluate a popular neuroevolution algorithm, NEAT, empirically on a set of fractured problems. The results show that (1) NEAT does not usually perform well on such problems, and (2) the reason is that NEAT does not usually generate local decision regions, which would be useful in constructing a fractured decision boundary. To address this issue, two neuroevolution algorithms that model local decision regions are proposed: RBF-NEAT, which biases structural search by adding basis-function nodes, and Cascade-NEAT, which constrains structural search by constructing cascaded topologies. These algorithms are compared to NEAT on a set of fractured problems, demonstrating that this approach can improve performance significantly. A meta-level algorithm, SNAP-NEAT, is then developed to combine the strengths of NEAT, RBF-NEAT, and Cascade-NEAT. An evaluation in a set of benchmark problems shows that it is possible to achieve good performance even when it is not known a priori whether a problem is fractured or not. A final empirical comparison of these methods demonstrates that they can scale up to real-world tasks like keepaway and half-field soccer. These results shed new light on why constructive neuroevolution algorithms have difficulty in certain domains and illustrate how bias and constraint can be used to improve performance. Thus, this dissertation shows how neuroevolution can be scaled up from learning low-level control to learning strategic decision-making problems.
Author: Nate F. Kohl
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Evolution of neural networks, or neuroevolution, has been a successful approach to many low-level control problems such as pole balancing, vehicle control, and collision warning. However, certain types of problems -- such as those involving strategic decision-making -- have remained difficult to solve. This dissertation proposes the hypothesis that such problems are difficult because they are fractured: The correct action varies discontinuously as the agent moves from state to state. To evaluate this hypothesis, a method for measuring fracture using the concept of function variation of optimal policies is proposed. This metric is used to evaluate a popular neuroevolution algorithm, NEAT, empirically on a set of fractured problems. The results show that (1) NEAT does not usually perform well on such problems, and (2) the reason is that NEAT does not usually generate local decision regions, which would be useful in constructing a fractured decision boundary. To address this issue, two neuroevolution algorithms that model local decision regions are proposed: RBF-NEAT, which biases structural search by adding basis-function nodes, and Cascade-NEAT, which constrains structural search by constructing cascaded topologies. These algorithms are compared to NEAT on a set of fractured problems, demonstrating that this approach can improve performance significantly. A meta-level algorithm, SNAP-NEAT, is then developed to combine the strengths of NEAT, RBF-NEAT, and Cascade-NEAT. An evaluation in a set of benchmark problems shows that it is possible to achieve good performance even when it is not known a priori whether a problem is fractured or not. A final empirical comparison of these methods demonstrates that they can scale up to real-world tasks like keepaway and half-field soccer. These results shed new light on why constructive neuroevolution algorithms have difficulty in certain domains and illustrate how bias and constraint can be used to improve performance. Thus, this dissertation shows how neuroevolution can be scaled up from learning low-level control to learning strategic decision-making problems.
Author: Tin-yau Kwok
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computer algorithms
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Author: Sebastian Klaas
Publisher: BPB Publications
ISBN: 9389423716
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
KEY FEATURES ● Understand applications like reinforcement learning, automatic driving and image generation. ● Understand neural networks accompanied with figures and charts. ● Learn about determining coefficients and initial values of weights. DESCRIPTION Deep learning helps you solve issues related to data problems as it has a vast array of mathematical algorithms and has capacity to detect patterns. This book starts with a quick view of deep learning in Python which would include definition, features and applications. You would be learning about perceptron, neural networks, Backpropagation. This book would also give you a clear insight of how to use Numpy and Matplotlin in deep learning models. By the end of the book, you’ll have the knowledge to apply the relevant technologies in deep learning. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN ● To develop deep learning applications, use Python with few outside inputs. ● Study several ideas of profound learning and neural networks ● Learn how to determine coefficients of learning and weight values ● Explore applications such as automation, image generation and reinforcement learning ● Implement trends like batch Normalisation, dropout, and Adam WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR Deep Learning from the Basics is for data scientists, data analysts and developers who wish to build efficient solutions by applying deep learning techniques. Individuals who would want a better grasp of technology and an overview. You should have a workable Python knowledge is a required. NumPy knowledge and pandas will be an advantage, but that’s completely optional. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Python Introduction 2. Perceptron in Depth 3. Neural Networks 4. Training Neural Network 5. Backpropagation 6. Neural Network Training Techniques 7. CNN 8. Deep Learning
Author: Frank Millstein
Publisher: Frank Millstein
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 267
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Book Description
Deep Learning - 2 BOOK BUNDLE!! Deep Learning with Keras This book will introduce you to various supervised and unsupervised deep learning algorithms like the multilayer perceptron, linear regression and other more advanced deep convolutional and recurrent neural networks. You will also learn about image processing, handwritten recognition, object recognition and much more. Furthermore, you will get familiar with recurrent neural networks like LSTM and GAN as you explore processing sequence data like time series, text, and audio. The book will definitely be your best companion on this great deep learning journey with Keras introducing you to the basics you need to know in order to take next steps and learn more advanced deep neural networks. Here Is a Preview of What You’ll Learn Here… The difference between deep learning and machine learning Deep neural networks Convolutional neural networks Building deep learning models with Keras Multi-layer perceptron network models Activation functions Handwritten recognition using MNIST Solving multi-class classification problems Recurrent neural networks and sequence classification And much more... Convolutional Neural Networks in Python This book covers the basics behind Convolutional Neural Networks by introducing you to this complex world of deep learning and artificial neural networks in a simple and easy to understand way. It is perfect for any beginner out there looking forward to learning more about this machine learning field. This book is all about how to use convolutional neural networks for various image, object and other common classification problems in Python. Here, we also take a deeper look into various Keras layer used for building CNNs we take a look at different activation functions and much more, which will eventually lead you to creating highly accurate models able of performing great task results on various image classification, object classification and other problems. Therefore, at the end of the book, you will have a better insight into this world, thus you will be more than prepared to deal with more complex and challenging tasks on your own. Here Is a Preview of What You’ll Learn In This Book… Convolutional neural networks structure How convolutional neural networks actually work Convolutional neural networks applications The importance of convolution operator Different convolutional neural networks layers and their importance Arrangement of spatial parameters How and when to use stride and zero-padding Method of parameter sharing Matrix multiplication and its importance Pooling and dense layers Introducing non-linearity relu activation function How to train your convolutional neural network models using backpropagation How and why to apply dropout CNN model training process How to build a convolutional neural network Generating predictions and calculating loss functions How to train and evaluate your MNIST classifier How to build a simple image classification CNN And much, much more! Get this book bundle NOW and SAVE money!
Author: Umberto Michelucci
Publisher: Apress
ISBN: 1484237900
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 425
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Book Description
Work with advanced topics in deep learning, such as optimization algorithms, hyper-parameter tuning, dropout, and error analysis as well as strategies to address typical problems encountered when training deep neural networks. You’ll begin by studying the activation functions mostly with a single neuron (ReLu, sigmoid, and Swish), seeing how to perform linear and logistic regression using TensorFlow, and choosing the right cost function. The next section talks about more complicated neural network architectures with several layers and neurons and explores the problem of random initialization of weights. An entire chapter is dedicated to a complete overview of neural network error analysis, giving examples of solving problems originating from variance, bias, overfitting, and datasets coming from different distributions. Applied Deep Learning also discusses how to implement logistic regression completely from scratch without using any Python library except NumPy, to let you appreciate how libraries such as TensorFlow allow quick and efficient experiments. Case studies for each method are included to put into practice all theoretical information. You’ll discover tips and tricks for writing optimized Python code (for example vectorizing loops with NumPy). What You Will Learn Implement advanced techniques in the right way in Python and TensorFlow Debug and optimize advanced methods (such as dropout and regularization) Carry out error analysis (to realize if one has a bias problem, a variance problem, a data offset problem, and so on) Set up a machine learning project focused on deep learning on a complex dataset Who This Book Is For Readers with a medium understanding of machine learning, linear algebra, calculus, and basic Python programming.
Author: Umberto Michelucci
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781484237915
Category : Machine learning
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Work with advanced topics in deep learning, such as optimization algorithms, hyper-parameter tuning, dropout, and error analysis as well as strategies to address typical problems encountered when training deep neural networks. You'll begin by studying the activation functions mostly with a single neuron (ReLu, sigmoid, and Swish), seeing how to perform linear and logistic regression using TensorFlow, and choosing the right cost function. The next section talks about more complicated neural network architectures with several layers and neurons and explores the problem of random initialization of weights. An entire chapter is dedicated to a complete overview of neural network error analysis, giving examples of solving problems originating from variance, bias, overfitting, and datasets coming from different distributions. Applied Deep Learning also discusses how to implement logistic regression completely from scratch without using any Python library except NumPy, to let you appreciate how libraries such as TensorFlow allow quick and efficient experiments. Case studies for each method are included to put into practice all theoretical information. You'll discover tips and tricks for writing optimized Python code (for example vectorizing loops with NumPy). What You Will Learn Implement advanced techniques in the right way in Python and TensorFlow Debug and optimize advanced methods (such as dropout and regularization) Carry out error analysis (to realize if one has a bias problem, a variance problem, a data offset problem, and so on) Set up a machine learning project focused on deep learning on a complex dataset Who This Book Is For Readers with a medium understanding of machine learning, linear algebra, calculus, and basic Python programming.
Author: Bert Andree
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789039308400
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Author: Ahmed Menshawy
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 178839576X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Book Description
Grasp the fundamental concepts of deep learning using Tensorflow in a hands-on manner Key Features Get a first-hand experience of the deep learning concepts and techniques with this easy-to-follow guide Train different types of neural networks using Tensorflow for real-world problems in language processing, computer vision, transfer learning, and more Designed for those who believe in the concept of 'learn by doing', this book is a perfect blend of theory and code examples Book Description Deep learning is a popular subset of machine learning, and it allows you to build complex models that are faster and give more accurate predictions. This book is your companion to take your first steps into the world of deep learning, with hands-on examples to boost your understanding of the topic. This book starts with a quick overview of the essential concepts of data science and machine learning which are required to get started with deep learning. It introduces you to Tensorflow, the most widely used machine learning library for training deep learning models. You will then work on your first deep learning problem by training a deep feed-forward neural network for digit classification, and move on to tackle other real-world problems in computer vision, language processing, sentiment analysis, and more. Advanced deep learning models such as generative adversarial networks and their applications are also covered in this book. By the end of this book, you will have a solid understanding of all the essential concepts in deep learning. With the help of the examples and code provided in this book, you will be equipped to train your own deep learning models with more confidence. What you will learn Understand the fundamentals of deep learning and how it is different from machine learning Get familiarized with Tensorflow, one of the most popular libraries for advanced machine learning Increase the predictive power of your model using feature engineering Understand the basics of deep learning by solving a digit classification problem of MNIST Demonstrate face generation based on the CelebA database, a promising application of generative models Apply deep learning to other domains like language modeling, sentiment analysis, and machine translation Who this book is for This book targets data scientists and machine learning developers who wish to get started with deep learning. If you know what deep learning is but are not quite sure of how to use it, this book will help you as well. An understanding of statistics and data science concepts is required. Some familiarity with Python programming will also be beneficial.
Author: Jay Dawani
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 183864184X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Book Description
A comprehensive guide to getting well-versed with the mathematical techniques for building modern deep learning architectures Key FeaturesUnderstand linear algebra, calculus, gradient algorithms, and other concepts essential for training deep neural networksLearn the mathematical concepts needed to understand how deep learning models functionUse deep learning for solving problems related to vision, image, text, and sequence applicationsBook Description Most programmers and data scientists struggle with mathematics, having either overlooked or forgotten core mathematical concepts. This book uses Python libraries to help you understand the math required to build deep learning (DL) models. You'll begin by learning about core mathematical and modern computational techniques used to design and implement DL algorithms. This book will cover essential topics, such as linear algebra, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, the singular value decomposition concept, and gradient algorithms, to help you understand how to train deep neural networks. Later chapters focus on important neural networks, such as the linear neural network and multilayer perceptrons, with a primary focus on helping you learn how each model works. As you advance, you will delve into the math used for regularization, multi-layered DL, forward propagation, optimization, and backpropagation techniques to understand what it takes to build full-fledged DL models. Finally, you’ll explore CNN, recurrent neural network (RNN), and GAN models and their application. By the end of this book, you'll have built a strong foundation in neural networks and DL mathematical concepts, which will help you to confidently research and build custom models in DL. What you will learnUnderstand the key mathematical concepts for building neural network modelsDiscover core multivariable calculus conceptsImprove the performance of deep learning models using optimization techniquesCover optimization algorithms, from basic stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to the advanced Adam optimizerUnderstand computational graphs and their importance in DLExplore the backpropagation algorithm to reduce output errorCover DL algorithms such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), sequence models, and generative adversarial networks (GANs)Who this book is for This book is for data scientists, machine learning developers, aspiring deep learning developers, or anyone who wants to understand the foundation of deep learning by learning the math behind it. Working knowledge of the Python programming language and machine learning basics is required.
Author: Frank Śmieja
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : de
Pages : 33
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Book Description
