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Author: Jean-Claude Hocquet
Publisher: Presses Univ. Septentrion
ISBN: 9782859393137
Category : History
Languages : fr
Pages : 396
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Book Description
Le roi, le marchand et le sel présente les Actes d'une table ronde réunies en septembre 1986 dans la saline royale édifiée par Ledoux à Arc-et-Senans. L'analyse de la genèse de l'État moderne, de la fonction de la guerre et du rôle dévolu à l'impôt du sel dans la construction de ses finances ouvre la voie à de belles études. Les précurseurs ont été les communes marchandes italiennes, les royaumes espagnols et la Provence du frère de Saint Louis. C'est pourtant dans le royaume de France des Valois et des Bourbons que la gabelle du sel s'est affirmé avec le plus de force, provoquant à la fois l'enrichissement des fermiers, les colères populaires et une contrebande éffrénée. Dans l'empire, les villes qui disposaient du monopole de production masquaient l'impôt sous le profit commercial. Ce profit consolida les finances et le pouvoir des ducs d'Autriche et les Habsbourg finirent par conquêrir les mines de Pologne. Il contribua aussi à la puissance commerciale des Provinces-Unies aux 16e et 17e siècles. L'impôt du sel n'a pas été seulement un phénomène européen mais mondial. Il n'est pas lié à un type d'État ni de formation économique et sociale. On suit sa destinée depuis la Rome antique jusqu'au Japon d'aujourd'hui, en passant par l'Amérique hispanique et l'Afrique noire colonisée, la Chine et l'Inde anglaise, où Gandhi s'empara de la question du sel pour en faire une arme de libération nationale contre la domination britannique. Le sel se prêtait à ce prélèvement fiscal massif qui nous rappelle que dans de nombreuses sociétés il avait assumé, dans l'échange marchand, toutes les fonctions sociales d'une monnaie.
Author: Jean-Claude Hocquet
Publisher: Presses Univ. Septentrion
ISBN: 9782859393137
Category : History
Languages : fr
Pages : 396
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Book Description
Le roi, le marchand et le sel présente les Actes d'une table ronde réunies en septembre 1986 dans la saline royale édifiée par Ledoux à Arc-et-Senans. L'analyse de la genèse de l'État moderne, de la fonction de la guerre et du rôle dévolu à l'impôt du sel dans la construction de ses finances ouvre la voie à de belles études. Les précurseurs ont été les communes marchandes italiennes, les royaumes espagnols et la Provence du frère de Saint Louis. C'est pourtant dans le royaume de France des Valois et des Bourbons que la gabelle du sel s'est affirmé avec le plus de force, provoquant à la fois l'enrichissement des fermiers, les colères populaires et une contrebande éffrénée. Dans l'empire, les villes qui disposaient du monopole de production masquaient l'impôt sous le profit commercial. Ce profit consolida les finances et le pouvoir des ducs d'Autriche et les Habsbourg finirent par conquêrir les mines de Pologne. Il contribua aussi à la puissance commerciale des Provinces-Unies aux 16e et 17e siècles. L'impôt du sel n'a pas été seulement un phénomène européen mais mondial. Il n'est pas lié à un type d'État ni de formation économique et sociale. On suit sa destinée depuis la Rome antique jusqu'au Japon d'aujourd'hui, en passant par l'Amérique hispanique et l'Afrique noire colonisée, la Chine et l'Inde anglaise, où Gandhi s'empara de la question du sel pour en faire une arme de libération nationale contre la domination britannique. Le sel se prêtait à ce prélèvement fiscal massif qui nous rappelle que dans de nombreuses sociétés il avait assumé, dans l'échange marchand, toutes les fonctions sociales d'une monnaie.
Author: Martin Daunton
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1847881106
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
Objects and commodities have frequently been studied to assess their position within consumer - or material - culture, but all too rarely have scholars examined the politics that lie behind that culture. This book fills the gap and explores the political and state structures that have shaped the consumer and the nature of his or her consumption. From medieval sumptuary laws to recent debates in governments about consumer protection, consumption has always been seen as a highly political act that must be regulated, directed or organized according to the political agendas of various groups. An internationally renowned group of experts looks at the emergence of the rational consuming individual in modern economic thought, the moral and ideological values consumers have attached to their relationships with commodities, and how the practices and theories of consumer citizenship have developed alongside and within the expanding state. How does consumer identity become available to people and how do they use it? How is consumption negotiated in a dictatorship? Are material politics about state politics, consumer politics, or the relationship between these and consumer practices?From the specifics of the politics of consumption in the French Revolution - what was the status of rum? How complicated did a vinegar recipe have to be before the resultant product qualified as 'luxury'? - to the highly contentious twentieth-century debates over American political economy, this original book traces the relationships among political cultures, consumers and citizenship from the eighteenth century to the present.
Author: Anne Montenach
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1003853617
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
This book seeks to contribute a multi-dimensional, multi-layered and gendered approach to the illicit economy in the historiography of early modern Europe. Using original source material from several countries, this volume concentrates on a border and transnational area—approximately the Lyon-Geneva-Turin triangle—located at the heart of European trade. It focuses on three products—salt, cotton and silk—all of which fuelled the black market between the last decades of the seventeenth century and the French Revolution. This volume offers an original contribution to wider studies of smuggling, illicit markets and women’s economic roles by taking into account the economic life of remote mountain communities and industrious cities. Showing that irregular practices were a structural characteristic of early modern economies, it provides insight into the opportunities offered to women in a highly flexible economy where licit and illicit activities were intermingled in a very complex way. This research monograph is aimed at a historical audience and constitutes a useful resource for students and scholars interested in gender history, social and economic history, urban history and French studies.
Author: S.A.M. Adshead
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1349218413
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 427
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Book Description
'Highly recommended as a thorough examination of the commodity history of salt'-The Geographical Journal. Salt has been called the primordial addiction. It has been an object of almost universal consumption since Neolithic times. This book sets out to place the particular histories of salt in a global perspective and write the history of a human commodity as a theme in world history. From pagan man, through classical Rome, Byzantium, early Islam, the Dark Ages, the Renaissance to the modern world, the production, distribution, consumption and taxation of salt are examined. The author shows how a history of salt cannot be separated from the histories of commerce, medicine, diet, cooking, taxation, invention and war. Although taken for granted today, salt has been of critical economic and cultural importance to countries and peoples throughout history; the instigator and catalyst to actions and events ranging from the first maritime expedition of Muslim forces to Columbus's discovery of America. After Salt and Civilization salt can not be taken for granted again.
Author: Jean-François Bergier
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1040250742
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 279
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Book Description
The Alps, as Professor Bergier shows in this selection of his work, should not be considered an impassable barrier, nor an isolated region, but rather as an integral part of the history of Europe. The lowlanders’ typical view of the mountains as fearful heights to be crossed, and the image of those who lived there as existing in a delicate balance with nature, are part only of the story. These articles are particularly concerned with transalpine traffic, and the different routes it took in response to changing circumstances in the lands to south and north, and with the exploitation and use of mountain resources. A number aim also to identify the particularities of the mountain way of life, and its social and political organisation.
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Category : Yugoslavia
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Author: Massimo Montanari
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1350995363
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 257
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Book Description
Europe was formed in the Middle Ages. The merging of the traditions of Roman-Mediterranean societies with the customs of Northern Europe created new political, economic, social and religious structures and practices. Between 500 and 1300 CE, food in all its manifestations, from agriculture to symbol, became ever more complex and integral to Europe's culture and economy. The period saw the growth of culinary literature, the introduction of new spices and cuisines as a result of trade and war, the impact of the Black Death on food resources, the widening gap between what was eaten by the rich and what by the poor, as well as the influence of religion on food rituals. A Cultural History of Food in the Medieval Age presents an overview of the period with essays on food production, food systems, food security, safety and crises, food and politics, eating out, professional cooking, kitchens and service work, family and domesticity, body and soul, representations of food, and developments in food production and consumption globally.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Category : Navigation
Languages : en
Pages : 602
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Author: Marjolein C. 't Hart
Publisher: Manchester University Press
ISBN: 9780719038075
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
