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Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781720610212
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
NASA's Advanced Engineering Environment (AEE) is a research and development program that will improve collaboration among design engineers for launch vehicle conceptual design and provide the infrastructure (methods and framework) necessary to enable that environment. In this paper, three major technical challenges facing the AEE program are identified, and three specific design problems are selected to demonstrate how advanced methods can improve current design activities. References are made to studies that demonstrate these design problems and methods, and these studies will provide the detailed information and check cases to support incorporation of these methods into the AEE. This paper provides background and terminology for discussing the launch vehicle conceptual design problem so that the diverse AEE user community can participate in prioritizing the AEE development effort.Rowell, Lawrence F. and Korte, John J.Langley Research CenterLAUNCH VEHICLES; SYSTEMS ENGINEERING; DESIGN OPTIMIZATION; SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; STOCHASTIC PROCESSES; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; EXPERIMENT DESIGN; CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781720610212
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 36
Get Book Here
Book Description
NASA's Advanced Engineering Environment (AEE) is a research and development program that will improve collaboration among design engineers for launch vehicle conceptual design and provide the infrastructure (methods and framework) necessary to enable that environment. In this paper, three major technical challenges facing the AEE program are identified, and three specific design problems are selected to demonstrate how advanced methods can improve current design activities. References are made to studies that demonstrate these design problems and methods, and these studies will provide the detailed information and check cases to support incorporation of these methods into the AEE. This paper provides background and terminology for discussing the launch vehicle conceptual design problem so that the diverse AEE user community can participate in prioritizing the AEE development effort.Rowell, Lawrence F. and Korte, John J.Langley Research CenterLAUNCH VEHICLES; SYSTEMS ENGINEERING; DESIGN OPTIMIZATION; SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; STOCHASTIC PROCESSES; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; EXPERIMENT DESIGN; CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT
Author: Mark D. Stevenson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
Like all organizations, the Air Force is interested in conducting its vehicle studies as quickly as possible with as high fidelity an analysis as is feasible and with a proven, repeatable design and analysis process. This research is in support of an approach formulated by engineers at Wright Patterson Air Force Base who seek to integrate design and analysis tools into a collaborative, network-distributed design environment. The benefits of using an integrated design environment to reduce the time and potential errors associated with the transfer of data between design and analysis codes are well documented. This research presents the integration of an initial set of space access and future strike vehicle analysis codes designed to improve the entire conceptual-level design process and documents the advantages of using the tools in a collaborative, network-distributed environment. This paper focuses on the design environment including geometry modeling, object design, discipline interactions, and design tools built for this effort including weight, propulsion, and trajectory analysis.
Author: J. C. Blair
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
Author: Runqi Chai
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811398453
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 207
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Book Description
This book explores the design of optimal trajectories for space maneuver vehicles (SMVs) using optimal control-based techniques. It begins with a comprehensive introduction to and overview of three main approaches to trajectory optimization, and subsequently focuses on the design of a novel hybrid optimization strategy that combines an initial guess generator with an improved gradient-based inner optimizer. Further, it highlights the development of multi-objective spacecraft trajectory optimization problems, with a particular focus on multi-objective transcription methods and multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. In its final sections, the book studies spacecraft flight scenarios with noise-perturbed dynamics and probabilistic constraints, and designs and validates new chance-constrained optimal control frameworks. The comprehensive and systematic treatment of practical issues in spacecraft trajectory optimization is one of the book’s major features, making it particularly suited for readers who are seeking practical solutions in spacecraft trajectory optimization. It offers a valuable asset for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in GNC systems, engineering optimization, applied optimal control theory, etc.
Author: Michael Douglas Griffin
Publisher: AIAA
ISBN: 9781600861123
Category : Space vehicles
Languages : en
Pages : 700
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Book Description
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781720610267
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
A primary NASA priority is to reduce the cost and improve the effectiveness of launching payloads into space. As a consequence, significant improvements are being sought in the effectiveness, cost, and schedule of the launch vehicle design process. In order to provide a basis for understanding and improving the current design process, a model has been developed for this complex, interactive process, as reported in the references. This model requires further expansion in some specific design functions. Also, a training course for less-experienced engineers is needed to provide understanding of the process, to provide guidance for its effective implementation, and to provide a basis for major improvements in launch vehicle design process technology. The objective of this activity is to expand the description of the design process to include all pertinent design functions, and to develop a detailed outline of a training course on the design process for launch vehicles for use in educating engineers whose experience with the process has been minimal. Building on a previously-developed partial design process description, parallel sections have been written for the Avionics Design Function, the Materials Design Function, and the Manufacturing Design Function. Upon inclusion of these results, the total process description will be released as a NASA TP. The design function sections herein include descriptions of the design function responsibilities, interfaces, interactive processes, decisions (gates), and tasks. Associated figures include design function planes, gates, and tasks, along with other pertinent graphics. Also included is an expanded discussion of how the design process is divided, or compartmentalized, into manageable parts to achieve efficient and effective design. A detailed outline for an intensive two-day course on the launch vehicle design process has been developed herein, and is available for further expansion. The course is in an interactive lecture/wor
Author: Zachary Clemetson Krevor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Engineering design
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This dissertation is focused on the quantitative metrics of performance, cost, and reliability for future launch vehicles. Methods are developed that hold performance constant for a required mission and payload so that cost and reliability can be traded. Reliability strategies such as reducing the number of engines, increasing the thrust-to-weight ratio, and adding redundant subsystems all increase launch vehicle reliability. However, there are few references that illustrate the cost of increasing launch vehicle reliability in a disciplined, integrated approach. For launch vehicle design, integrated performance, cost, and reliability disciplines are required to show the sensitivity of cost to different reliability strategies. A methodology is presented that demonstrates how to create the necessary launch vehicle reliability models and integrate them with the performance and cost disciplines. An integrated environment is developed for conceptual design that can rapidly assess thousands of launch vehicle configurations. The design process begins with a feasible launch vehicle configuration and its mission objectives. The performance disciplines, such as trajectory analysis, propulsion, and mass estimation are modeled to include the effects of using different reliability strategies. Reliability models are created based upon the launch vehicle configuration. Engine reliability receives additional attention because engines are historically one of the leading causes of launch vehicle failure. Additionally, the reliability of the propulsion subsystem changes dynamically when a launch vehicle design includes engine out capability. Cost estimating techniques which use parametric models are employed to capture the dependencies on system cost of increasing launch vehicle reliability. Uncertainty analysis is included within the cost and reliability disciplines because of the limited historical database for launch vehicles. Optimization is applied within the integrated design environment to find the best launch vehicle configuration based upon a particular weighting of cost and reliability. The results show that both the Saturn V and future launch vehicles could be optimized to be significantly cheaper, be more reliable, or have a compromise solution by illustrating how cost and reliability are coupled with vehicle configuration changes.
Author: Michael J. Steffens
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Launch vehicles (Astronautics)
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Trajectory optimization is an important part of launch vehicle design and operation. With the high costs of launching payload into orbit, every pound that can be saved increases affordability. One way to save weight in launch vehicle design and operation is by optimizing the ascent trajectory. Launch vehicle trajectory optimization is a field that has been studied since the 1950's. Originally, analytic solutions were sought because computers were slow and inefficient. With the advent of computers, however, different algorithms were developed for the purpose of trajectory optimization. Computer resources were still limited, and as such the algorithms were limited to local optimization methods, which can get stuck in specific regions of the design space. Local methods for trajectory optimization have been well studied and developed. Computer technology continues to advance, and in recent years global optimization has become available for application to a wide variety of problems, including trajectory optimization. The aim of this thesis is to create a methodology that applies global optimization to the trajectory optimization problem. Using information from a global search, the optimization design space can be reduced and a much smaller design space can be analyzed using already existing local methods. This allows for areas of interest in the design space to be identified and further studied and helps overcome the fact that many local methods can get stuck in local optima. The design space included in trajectory optimization is also considered in this thesis. The typical optimization variables are initial conditions and flight control variables. For direct optimization methods, the trajectory phase structure is currently chosen a priori. Including trajectory phase structure variables in the optimization process can yield better solutions. The methodology and phase structure optimization is demonstrated using an earth-to-orbit trajectory of a Delta IV Medium launch vehicle. Different methods of performing the global search and reducing the design space are compared. Local optimization is performed using the industry standard trajectory optimization tool POST. Finally, methods for varying the trajectory phase structure are presented and the results are compared.
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781721938148
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Engineering design is a challenging activity for any product. Since launch vehicles are highly complex and interconnected and have extreme energy densities, their design represents a challenge of the highest order. The purpose of this document is to delineate and clarify the design process associated with the launch vehicle for space flight transportation. The goal is to define and characterize a baseline for the space transportation design process. This baseline can be used as a basis for improving effectiveness and efficiency of the design process. The baseline characterization is achieved via compartmentalization and technical integration of subsystems, design functions, and discipline functions. First, a global design process overview is provided in order to show responsibility, interactions, and connectivity of overall aspects of the design process. Then design essentials are delineated in order to emphasize necessary features of the design process that are sometimes overlooked. Finally the design process characterization is presented. This is accomplished by considering project technical framework, technical integration, process description (technical integration model, subsystem tree, design/discipline planes, decision gates, and tasks), and the design sequence. Also included in the document are a snapshot relating to process improvements, illustrations of the process, a survey of recommendations from experienced practitioners in aerospace, lessons learned, references, and a bibliography. Blair, J. C. and Ryan, R. S. and Schutzenhofer, L. A. and Humphries, W. R. Marshall Space Flight Center
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781980725916
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Book Description
This is the official comprehensive technical report on the historic Vanguard satellite rocket. Project Vanguard was conceived in 1955 for the purpose of establishing a scientific satellite in orbit about the earth during the International Geophysical Year (July 1957 to December 1958). It was planned and implemented as a low priority, economical effort that would not interfere with military missile development. This report has been prepared by The Martin Company to summarize the engineering of the rocket vehicle that launched the Vanguard satellites. The Vanguard vehicle was a three-stage finless rocket with a liftoff weight of approximately 22,800 pounds; 88% of this weight was propellant. The first two stages were liquid-propellant rockets, guided by a "strapped-down" gyro reference system, and controlled by engine gimbaling and reaction jets. The third stage was a solid-propellant rocket motor, unguided but spin-stabilized. A jettisonable nose cone protected the payload. Launchings were made from the Atlantic Missile Range, Cape Canaveral, Florida. Unique design concepts and advanced analytical techniques were developed during the Vanguard program. Significant examples are the use of structural feedback to reduce structural loads, trajectory matching for flight analysis, and a remarkably accurate statistical approach to performance prediction. The established goal was at least one satellite orbit in six attempts. Actually, the number of attempts was increased to eleven by the use of five vehicles initially programmed for flight development testing. Three satellites were placed in orbit, containing four of the six scientific experiments originally planned for Project Vanguard. The success of the satellite launching vehicle is further manifested by the continuing use of Vanguard hardware, design concepts and analytical techniques in other advanced rocket programs. BACKGROUND * A. State of the Art in 1955 * B. Vanguard Program Philosophy * III. VEHICLE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT * A. Mission Requirements * B. Trajectory Simulation * C. Staging and Flight Path Considerations * D. Performance Optimization * E. Aerodynamics * F. Structure * G. Weight Control * H. Final Vehicle Configuration * IV. SYSTEMS DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT * A. Guidance and Control * B. First-Stage Propulsion * C. Second-Stage Propulsion * D. Third-Stage Propulsion * E. Separation * F. Ordnance * G. Electrical * H. Mechanical * I. Hydraulic * J. Range Safety * K. Instrumentation * L. Systems and Payload Integration * V. RELIABILITY * A. Requirement * B. Environmental Criteria * C. Component and System Qualification * D. Component and System Acceptance Testing * E. Vehicle Acceptance Testing * F. Reliability Follow-up * G. Observations on Reliability * VI. FIELD OPERATIONS * A. Launch Complex * B. Field Testing * C. Range Safety Considerations * D. Flight Loading and Performance Predictions * h, . Launch Operations * VII. VEHICLE FLIGHT ANALYSIS * A. Flight Summary * B. Vehicle Trajectories * C. Aerodynamics * D. Structure * VIII. SYSTEMS FLIGHT ANALYSIS * A. Guidance and Control * B. First-Stage Propulsion * C. Second-Stage Propulsion * D. Third-Stage Propulsion * E. Separation * F. Ordnance * G. Electrical * H. Mechanical * I. Hydraulic * J. Range Safety * K. Instrumentation * IX. SIGNIFICANT FLIGHT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES * A. Philosophies * B. Techniques * X. PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS * A. Satellite Orbits * B. Mission Capabilities of the Final Vehicle * C. Advances in the State of the Art
