Laser-induced Plasmas as an Analytical Source for Quantitative Analysis of Gaseous and Aerosol Systems PDF Download
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Author: Prasoon K. Diwakar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Critical understanding of plasma-particle interactions includes study of the plasma evolution, analyte atomization, and the particle dissociation and diffusion. In this dissertation, temporal and spatial studies have been done to understand the fundamentals of the LIBS processes including the breakdown of gases by the laser pulse, plasma inception mechanisms, plasma evolution, analyte introduction and plasma-particle interactions and their influence on LIBS signal. Spectral measurements were performed in a laser-induced plasma and the results reveal localized perturbations in the plasma properties in the vicinity of the analyte species, for first 60 [mu]s. The measurements provide direct evidence of matrix effects in the LIBS plasma at early times. Electron density measurements at very early times in the plasma reveal deviations from the Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium conditions (LTE). The data from various experiments suggests a complex interaction between the plasma and the aerosol particle, during which the finite time-scales of particle dissociation, and heat and mass transfer are fundamental processes.
Author: Prasoon K. Diwakar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Critical understanding of plasma-particle interactions includes study of the plasma evolution, analyte atomization, and the particle dissociation and diffusion. In this dissertation, temporal and spatial studies have been done to understand the fundamentals of the LIBS processes including the breakdown of gases by the laser pulse, plasma inception mechanisms, plasma evolution, analyte introduction and plasma-particle interactions and their influence on LIBS signal. Spectral measurements were performed in a laser-induced plasma and the results reveal localized perturbations in the plasma properties in the vicinity of the analyte species, for first 60 [mu]s. The measurements provide direct evidence of matrix effects in the LIBS plasma at early times. Electron density measurements at very early times in the plasma reveal deviations from the Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium conditions (LTE). The data from various experiments suggests a complex interaction between the plasma and the aerosol particle, during which the finite time-scales of particle dissociation, and heat and mass transfer are fundamental processes.
Author: David A. Cremers
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470093005
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Starting from fundamentals and moving through a thorough discussion of equipment, methods, and techniques, this text provides a unique reference source for this important new analysis method. The authors use a combination of tutorial discussions ranging from basic principles up to more advanced descriptions along with extensive figures and photographs to clearly explain topics addressed in the text. It is intended that the data tables will be located within the Education section of SpectroscopyNOW.com Provides a thorough but understandable discussion of the basic principles, instrumentation, methodology, and sampling procedures of the method based on atomic emission spectroscopy. Presents a discussion of the many advantages of the method along with limitations, to provide the reader a balanced overview of capabilities of the method Presents an overview of some real-world applications of the method Provides an up-to-date list of references to LIBS literature and a unique list of element detection limits using a uniform analysis method
Author: Jorge E. Carranza
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
Author: José A. C. Broekaert
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527606777
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
This completely revised second edition of the standard work has been expanded by some twenty percent to include more information on the latest developments and new apparatus. In particular, sections have been added on microplasmas and new types of spectrometers, while that on the rapidly expanding field of speciations with practical examples from life and environmental sciences have been included. Still in one handy volume, the book covers all the important modern aspects of atomic fluorescence, emission and absorption spectroscopy as well as plasma mass spectroscopy in a readily comprehensible and practice-oriented manner. A thorough explanation of the physical, theoretical and technical basics, example applications including the concrete execution of analysis and comprehensive cross-references to the latest literature allow even newcomers easy access to the methodologies described.
Author: Sergio Musazzi
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642450857
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 577
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Book Description
This book deals with the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) a widely used atomic emission spectroscopy technique for elemental analysis of materials. It is based on the use of a high-power, short pulse laser excitation. The book is divided into two main sections: the first one concerning theoretical aspects of the technique, the second one describing the state of the art in applications of the technique in different scientific/technological areas. Numerous examples of state of the art applications provide the readers an almost complete scenario of the LIBS technique. The LIBS theoretical aspects are reviewed. The book helps the readers who are less familiar with the technique to understand the basic principles. Numerous examples of state of the art applications give an almost complete scenario of the LIBS technique potentiality. These examples of applications may have a strong impact on future industrial utilization. The authors made important contributions to the development of this field.
Author: Ye Tian
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical method with optical emission spectroscopy that uses a laser pulse to vaporize, atomize, and excite a hot plasma as the spectroscopic emission source. Although LIBS has demonstrated its versatility and attractive features in many fields, the quantitative analysis ability of LIBS is considered as its Achilles' heel. From a fundamental point of view, this can be due to the complex nature of laserinduced plasma as the spectroscopic emission source for LIBS application. The temporal and spatial characterization of laser-induced plasma is considered as one of the key points for the LIBS technique. On the other hand, from the analytical point of view, LIBS is usually characterized by direct laser ablation. This can be however quite limiting, especially for some types of materials such as powders or liquids. Proper sample preparation or treatment allowing the deposition of a thin homogeneous film on a metallic surface could greatly improve the analytical performance of LIBS for these types of materials. Since the metallic surface is expected to contribute to increase the temperature and the density of the plasma and, consequently, to a better overall sensitivity, we call this technique surface-assisted LIBS. The present thesis work is therefore motivated by two basic aspects of LIBS analysis: the need of an improved knowledge of laser-induced plasma as a spectroscopic emission source, and new methods to improve the analytical performance of LIBS, including a higher sensibility and a reduced matrix effect. The first part of this thesis (Chapter 2) is dedicated to an extensive characterization of the plasma induced on glass samples, as a function of the laser wavelength, infrared (IR) or ultraviolet (UV), and the ambient gas, air or argon. Both the spectroscopic imaging and time- and space-resolved emission spectroscopy are used for plasma diagnostics in this work. The second part of this thesis is to develop a surface-assisted LIBS method for the elemental analysis in powders, and in wines as examples of liquids. We applied the surface-assisted LIBS for the quantitative elemental analysis in cellulose powders, alumina powders, and soils (Chapter 3). Special attentions are paid on the figures-of-merit, matrix effects, and normalization approaches in LIBS analysis. We also used the surfaceassisted LIBS for the classification of French wines according to their production regions (Chapter 4). Two classification models based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and random forest (RF) are used for the classification. Through these applications, this thesis work demonstrates the efficiency of the surface-assisted LIBS method for the analysis of powders (cellulose, alumina and soils) and of liquids (wines), with ppm or sub-ppm sensitivities and a reduced matrix effect.
Author: Heh Young Moon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
ABSTRACT: Since its early applications, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been recognized as a useful tool for solid state chemical analysis due to its numerous attractive advantages as an analytical tool: e.g., simultaneous multi-element detection capability, no sample preparation, rapid or real-time analysis, and allowing in situ analysis requiring only optical access to the sample. However, the quantitative accuracy of the technique depends on the complex fundamental processes involved in laser-induced plasma formation, ablation, atomization, excitation and ion recombination. Thus, problems arising from laser target coupling, matrix effects, line interferences, fractionation in target vaporization, the main assumptions of the methods, namely the optically thin emission of spectral lines and the existence of local thermodynamic equilibrium in the plasma should be properly addressed in order to obtain reliable quantitative results [1, 2] . The general scope of this research encompasses two aspects related to the LIBS technique: one aspect is the fundamental study of the plasma characteristics and another is an improved use of the technique in quantitative analysis. The main project is to revisit and investigate some fundamental assumptions such as the existence of local.
Author: David A. Cremers
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118567366
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 452
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Book Description
Starting from fundamentals and moving through a thorough discussion of equipment, methods, and techniques, the Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy provides a unique reference source that will be of value for many years to come for this important new analysis method. The authors, with a total of over 60 years of experience in the LIBS method, use a combination of tutorial discussions ranging from basic principles up to more advanced descriptions along with extensive figures and photographs to clearly explain topics addressed in the text. In this second edition, chapters on the use of statistical analysis and advances in detection of weapons of mass destruction have been added. Tables of data related to analysis with LIBS have been updated. The Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Second Edition: provides a thorough but understandable discussion of the basic principles of the method based on atomic emission spectroscopy, including recently available data leading to better characterization of the LIBS plasma; presents a discussion of the many advantages of the method along with limitations, to provide the reader a balanced overview of capabilities of the method; describes LIBS instrumentation ranging from basic set-ups to more advanced configurations; presents a comprehensive discussion of the different types of components (laser, spectrometers, detectors) that can be used for LIBS apparatuses along with suggestions for their use, as well as an up-to-date treatment of the newest advances and capabilities of LIBS instruments; presents the analytical capabilities of the method in terms of detection limits, accuracy, and precision of measurements for a variety of different sample types; discusses methods of sampling different media such as gases, liquids, and solids; presents an overview of some real-world applications of the method, with new emphasis on sampling of biologically and physically dangerous materials; provides an up-to-date list of references to LIBS literature along with the latest detection limits and a unique list of element detection limits using a uniform analysis method; provides annotated examples of LIBS spectra which can serve as references for the general reader and will be especially useful for those starting out in the field.
Author: Wenqi Lei
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This PhD work was devoted to the understanding of the laser-induced plasma on organic materials and theapplication of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to quantitative analysis of these materials. Itcontributes to deepen our knowledge on the physical mechanisms involved in laser-matter interaction, plasmageneration, evolution and expansion of the plasma into the ambient gas, with emphasis on plasmas induced onorganic targets. It also intends to improve the performance of LIBS for the analysis of organic materials. Thespecificity for organic targets fits the current focus of the international community working on LIBS, toimprove the control of the plasma induced on this kind of material which has a distinguished optical prosperitywith respect to that of metals, better known for laser ablation. It addresses also the growing need to apply theLIBS technique to organic materials for different applications in the environmental, food, or biomedicaldomains. The works in this thesis were therefore presented in this thesis document according to the followingorganization.After the General Introduction which introduces the scientific and technological contexts, Chapter Irecalls the basic theoretical elements necessary to understand the phenomenon of plasma generation by laserablation, and its evolution in the background gas. Ablation of organic material is emphasized. Procedures andtechniques of diagnostics of laser-induced plasma were then presented with a focus on the transient andinhomogeneous nature of the expanding plasma. Chapter II focuses on the generation and the evolution of theplasma induced on the skin of a potato, a typical sample of agricultural product. The characteristics of plasmainduced on a soft and wet organic target, such as a fresh potato, was something unknown when the thesis workstarted. These characteristics provide the necessary basis for the quantitative analysis of the trace andultra-trace metallic elements in these samples. Following this characterization, semi-quantitative analyticalresults were extracted from LIBS spectra corresponding to potato skin. Chapter III is presented in thecontinuity of Chapter II for the application of LIBS to the quantitative analysis of organic materials. Acomparative study on the analytical results with LIBS and ICP-AES for milk powders allows an assessment ofthe performances of quantitative analysis by LIBS for organic materials, and a validation of the CF-LIBSprocedure that we have developed. Different from Chapters II and III where attention was paid to trace metalelements, Chapter IV studies the behavior of the major elements that make up the matrix of organic material,which are 4 known organic elements: H, C, O, N. During the decomposition of organic material by laserablation, these elements can be found in the form of molecular fragments, or recombined into molecularspecies. We then study in this Chapter the evolution of these species as a function of the laser ablationparameters, the laser wavelength in particular. The thesis document ends with a general conclusion andoutlooks.
Author: Philip B. Jackson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
ABSTRACT: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a powerful and well-established atomic emission diagnostic for the identification and analysis of unknown samples. Recent research efforts have shown that LIBS is useful for both qualitative identification and for the quantitative measurement of relative as well as absolute analyte concentration regardless of analyte state. More recently, much interest has been directed toward the use of LIBS in the analysis of aerosol systems, including those generated by laser ablation (LA-LIBS). While LIBS offers many advantages as a diagnostic tool, there are several difficulties that limit its capability and robustness. Chief among these are matrix effects and incomplete or inhomogeneous sample vaporization. In an effort to fully understand, and eventually mitigate, these difficulties, the current work seeks to design and implement a numerical model that describes the complex plasma-particle interactions that govern the LIBS of aerosol systems. The model incorporates the processes of heat transfer, hydrodynamics, mass diffusion, vaporization, and electromagnetism. The model considers the fundamental physics of three distinct regimes: the global plasma environment, the local particle behavior, and the initial nature of plasma inception.
