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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bioreactor landfills
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
A bioreactor landfill is a landfill that is operated in a manner that is expected to increase the rate and extent of waste decomposition, gas generation, and settlement compared to a traditional landfill. This Second Interim Report was prepared to provide an interpretation of field data collected as part of a multi-year Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and Waste Management, Inc. (WM). The CRADA was established to evaluate the performance of landfill bioreactor units at the WM Outer Loop Landfill, located in Louisville, Kentucky. This report follows the September 2003 U.S. EPA document Landfills as Bioreactors: Research at the Outer Loop Landfill, Louisville, Kentucky, First Interim Report (i.e., the First Interim Report, EPA/600/R03/097), which presented a complete description of the landfill study sites and the data collection procedures. The Outer Loop Landfill Bioreactor (OLLB) project considers solid waste decomposition, moisture balance, landfill gas generation, and leachate quality to evaluate the effect of bioreactor operations on municipal solid waste (MSW) decomposition. Three types of landfill cells were evaluated in the OLLB study: (1) a Control cell, in which no liquids were added; (2) a cell in which liquids were added after the cell had been completely filled with waste (i.e., the Retrofit cell); and (3) a cell in which liquids and air were added as the waste was placed in the landfill (i.e., the As-Built cell). The monitoring data were sequentially evaluated to identify trends in solid waste decomposition, moisture retention, landfill gas quality and quantity, and leachate quality. One must recognize the limitation of data presented in this report in establishing long-term trends in the operation of bioreactor landfills.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bioreactor landfills
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
A bioreactor landfill is a landfill that is operated in a manner that is expected to increase the rate and extent of waste decomposition, gas generation, and settlement compared to a traditional landfill. This Second Interim Report was prepared to provide an interpretation of field data collected as part of a multi-year Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and Waste Management, Inc. (WM). The CRADA was established to evaluate the performance of landfill bioreactor units at the WM Outer Loop Landfill, located in Louisville, Kentucky. This report follows the September 2003 U.S. EPA document Landfills as Bioreactors: Research at the Outer Loop Landfill, Louisville, Kentucky, First Interim Report (i.e., the First Interim Report, EPA/600/R03/097), which presented a complete description of the landfill study sites and the data collection procedures. The Outer Loop Landfill Bioreactor (OLLB) project considers solid waste decomposition, moisture balance, landfill gas generation, and leachate quality to evaluate the effect of bioreactor operations on municipal solid waste (MSW) decomposition. Three types of landfill cells were evaluated in the OLLB study: (1) a Control cell, in which no liquids were added; (2) a cell in which liquids were added after the cell had been completely filled with waste (i.e., the Retrofit cell); and (3) a cell in which liquids and air were added as the waste was placed in the landfill (i.e., the As-Built cell). The monitoring data were sequentially evaluated to identify trends in solid waste decomposition, moisture retention, landfill gas quality and quantity, and leachate quality. One must recognize the limitation of data presented in this report in establishing long-term trends in the operation of bioreactor landfills.
Author: Md Zahangir Alam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bioreactor landfills
Languages : en
Pages : 185
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Book Description
Bioreactor landfills are operated in a modern engineered way to accelerate waste decomposition, gas production, and waste stabilization. The major aspect of a bioreactor landfill operation is associated with the addition of supplemental liquid or leachate recirculation, and the effective operation primarily depends on efficient moisture distribution throughout the waste mass, which enhances performance. The performance of an effective landfill operation can be assessed by several indicators, i.e., leachate generation, gas production, and landfill settlement. Bioreactor landfill operations have several significant economic and environmental advantages, but the impact of efficient moisture distribution and the assessment of performance through combined indicators is not well established. Hence, explaining and quantifying such impact on performance monitoring is essential to understanding an effective operation. The overall objective of this research was to monitor moisture distribution, due to leachate recirculation, throughout the landfill and to evaluate the performance of landfill operations. Leachate recirculation was performed through horizontal recirculation pipes and vertical injection wells. The City of Denton Landfill, in Denton, Texas, USA was selected as the site for the field investigations. A field program was conducted, using the electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) technique to determine moisture variations with time (one day, one week, two weeks) due to leachate recirculation through the horizontal and vertical recirculation systems. The data of field performance indicators, i.e., leachate generation, gas production, and landfill settlement, was collected from the landfill authority and analyzed to observe the bioreactor performance. Field leachate generation was compared with the Visual HELP model results to correlate it with the gas generation. The combined effect of indicators was analyzed to evaluate landfill performance. The research provides data on the significant factors of successful bioreactor landfill operations: the application frequency of leachate, and moisture distribution efficiency due to leachate recirculation through vertical injection wells. The research develops an understanding the effect of indicators and the assessment of landfill performance through evaluating the essence of individuals and combined indicators. Scheduling the leachate recirculation is one of the most vital actions required for distributing the moisture in the underlying waste. A comprehensive understanding of moisture variations in a bioreactor landfill, by reason of circulating leachate, is important for determining the frequency of leachate recirculation. The estimated moisture content for the baseline study was 31.5% before the next cycle of leachate recirculation to the adjacent recirculation pipe. However, the moisture content after 1 day, 7 days and 14 days after leachate recirculation was found 49.52%, 40.48%, and 31.74%, respectively. Several recirculation systems are currently being used at different locations across the world; however, vertical injection wells are the specific objects of interest in leachate recirculation due to their potential advantages over other available systems. Based on the results of the studies pertaining to vertical wells, the initial moisture content ranged from 31.5% to 36.5% before liquid was added through the vertical wells. The moisture content observed rose from 49.5% to 64.6% within one day after the leachate injection; however, it decreased one week after leachate injection, ranging from 40.12% to 47.03%. Two weeks after leachate injection, the moisture content ranged from 31.75% to 38.6%. The performance of bioreactor landfills can be monitored by several indicators, i.e., moisture distribution, leachate generation, gas production, water balance, and landfill settlement. Combining the different parameters to assess the performance of a bioreactor landfill has not been widely investigated. The results from the water balance simulation model, Visual HELP, show that the actual leachate generation in the field is approximately 55% lower than the HELP model results. The reason that the leachate return from the landfill is lower might be that the added water/leachate is being partially used for gas production. Hence, an increase in gas generation was observed, increasing from 543.6 m3/h (320 scfm) in 2010-2011 to 1087.3 m3/h (640 scfm) in 2014-2015. Moreover, in some locations of the landfill cells, from 2014 to 2015, an approximate total of 1.45 m (4.8 ft.) of maximum settlement was found in the landfill.
Author: Timothy G. Townsend
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351435884
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Using biotechnology to help control landfill processes can mitigate costs, shorten the time needed to process solid waste, and ease the typical ecological damage to the land being used. This first-of-its-kind book provides regulators, designers, landfill owners, and operators with information that supports the utility of landfill bioreactors and provides design and operating criteria essential for the successful application of this technology. It pulls together laboratory, pilot, and full-scale experiences into one concise guide to designing and running municipal landfills as bioreactors. Landfill Bioreactor Design and Operation covers the history and background of landfill technology, research studies of actual bioreactor landfills, expected leachate and gas yields, specific design criteria, operation guidelines, and reuse of landfill sites to avoid having to establish new sites. For anyone looking for an alternative to large, wasteful landfill sites, this book provides a practical alternative to the problem.
Author: Shahed R. Manzur
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Municipal engineering
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The major aspect of bioreactor landfill is the addition of liquid and recirculation of collected leachate back into the waste mass through the subsurface Leachate Recirculation System (LRS). The leachate recirculation system consists of the perforated recirculation pipes placed inside horizontal trenches and the permeable beds with different orientation. The application of high permeability material (shredded tire chips, broken glass, pea gravel) in landfills is an emerging technology to distribute the moisture over a wider area in a shorter period of time. Horizontal or vertical perforated pipes are installed in bioreactor landfills as LRS with an expectation of uniform moisture distribution within waste to optimize the performance of bioreactor landfill. However, high heterogeneity, variability and anisotropy of MSW and the different compaction energy used in landfill may dominate the flow pattern inside the waste mass that may result variable moisture level inside landfills. In addition, moisture has a tendency to follow the preferential channels to reach the leachate collection system that even complicates to attain a uniform moisture distribution throughout the landfill. Therefore, attaining uniform moisture level for microbial activity becomes a challenge in bioreactor landfill operation. A series of Resistivity Imaging tests (RI) were performed to investigate the performance of recirculation pipes placed (1) directly on waste, (2) inside a trench with shredded tire bedding and (3) on top of permeable blankets at the City of Denton landfill. The experimental results indicated that the resistivity of the solid waste decreased with the addition of water/leachate through the horizontal trench. It was also observed from the RI test results that leachate flow along pipe is non-uniform throughout the pipe. The non-uniformity of leachate flow confirms that the flow of leachate through waste is mostly through preferential flow paths due the heterogeneous nature of the waste. The RI profiles from the baseline, recirculation and monitoring results at east, middle and west test sections indicate that resistivity decreases immediately after addition of water/ leachateHowever, the resistivity increases upto its original level after two weeks of recirculation at all locations. Therefore, based on the initial decrease and subsequent rebound of resistivity, the frequency of recirculation may be recommended bi-weekly basis to maintain a threshold moisture level inside the waste pack. It was also observed that moisture distribution is better when the recirculation pipe is placed on horizontal trench with tire chip as bedding materials. For the performance of permeable bed (tire chip bedding), temperature sensors were installed at middle and two sides of waste pack. Based on the resistivity and temperature variation results, it was observed that moisture was not traveling all the way to the sides of the waste pack and was flowing down only through the middle of the permeable tire chip materials. The subsidence results during the monitoring period indicate the subsidence of the waste mass to be around 2 ft to 3 ft. More settlement was observed at locations where more water or leachate was added. Therefore, higher settlement was observed near H2, compared to H16, H22, and H26. This directly co-relates to the percentage decrease in resistivity due to moisture or leachate addition.
Author: Nicole Dawn Berge
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The Yolo County Department of Planning and Public Works is constructing a full-scale bioreactor landfill as a part of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Project XL program to develop innovative approaches for carbon sequestration and greenhouse emission control. The overall objective is to manage landfill solid waste for rapid waste decomposition and maximum landfill gas generation and capture for carbon sequestration and greenhouse emission control. Waste decomposition is accelerated by improving conditions for either the aerobic or anaerobic biological processes and involves circulating controlled quantities of liquid (leachate, groundwater, gray water, etc.), and, in the aerobic process, large volumes of air. The first phase of the project entails the construction of a 12-acre module that contains a 6-acre anaerobic cell, a 3.5-acre anaerobic cell, and a 2.5-acre aerobic cell at the Yolo County Central Landfill near Davis, California. The cells are highly instrumented to monitor bioreactor performance. Liquid addition has commenced in the 3.5-acre anaerobic cell and the 6-acre anaerobic cell. Construction of the 2.5-acre aerobic cell is nearly complete with only the biofilter remaining and is scheduled to be complete by the end of August 2003. The current project status and preliminary monitoring results are summarized in this report.
Author: Michael John Myers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
Abstract: The objective of this work was to design a system to assess and quantify the performance of co-disposed dewatered sewage sludge and municipal solid waste. Specific objectives for the design and construction of the bioreactors were as follows: 1. Design and construct two physical model laboratory-scale landfills which simulate full-scale municipal solid waste landfills. 2. Instrument two physical model laboratory-scale landfills to monitor temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, redox potential, total dissolved solid, electrical conductivity, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, leachate flow rates and gas composition. 3. Produce preliminary results to better understand the performance of the design. To achieve these objectives, two 1.53 m3 laboratory scale models were constructed and instrumented to measure pH, redox potential, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, temperature, moisture content, loss of mass, and gas composition. Solid waste obtain from the Solid Waste Authority of Central Ohio was initially characterized for chemical composition, organic fraction, and complex organics. Preliminary data was compared to previously reported values for bioreactor landfill to assess the initial performance of the models.
Author: Pranas Baltrėnas
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319782118
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 381
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Book Description
This volume discusses how small bioreactors can produce useful biogas and compost from biodegradable waste. The authors identify which biodegradable wastes are optimal for small bioreactors, and how these choices can be used to increase bioreactor productivity. Additionally, readers will learn about how the amount and composition of biogas is estimated, the concentration of biodegradable waste that needs to be supplied to a bioreactor, the development of small bioreactors including the ratio of cost to the obtained benefits, and the nature of biodegradable wastes generated by both small farms and large food industry enterprises. The beginning chapters explain what biodegradable waste is, show how to predict how much waste an enterprise will produce, and elaborate the characteristics of the biogas which is generated from biodegradable waste in small bioreactors. Then the book discusses the types of small bioreactors and how to select the optimal bioreactor for a given case. Bioreactor performance is analyzed on both an economical and production efficiency basis, with experimental results provided on the quantity and quality of the biogas produced. The final chapters address how small bioreactors can be incorporated into small biogas plants, and the potential use of small bioreactors in countries with high demand for alternative energy using the case of Lithuania. The audience for this work includes specialists in biodegradable waste management and utilization enterprises, designers, and academics, researchers and students engaged in environmental engineering.
Author: Mohamed E. S. M. Abdallah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Rainer Stegmann
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788862650021
Category : Sanitary landfills
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
