Labor Market Adjustment to Import Competition PDF Download
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Author: Juan S. Blyde
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
We analyze how local labor markets in Mexico adjusted in response to an increase in Chinese import competition between 1998 and 2013. We exploit the spatial variation in import exposure arising from initial differences in industry specialization. We found that the adjustment took various forms: a decline in the number of wage employees, the substitution of some wage employees by contract workers, and the substitution of formally contracted employees by informally contracted ones. The reduction in employment levels was accompanied by an increase in the population that exited the labor force. The negative employment impact was three times more severe on production workers than on nonproduction workers, indicating that workers with lower skills were more severely affected. Overall, we find significant job losses to the order of 7.6% of the working-age population.
Author: Juan S. Blyde
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
We analyze how local labor markets in Mexico adjusted in response to an increase in Chinese import competition between 1998 and 2013. We exploit the spatial variation in import exposure arising from initial differences in industry specialization. We found that the adjustment took various forms: a decline in the number of wage employees, the substitution of some wage employees by contract workers, and the substitution of formally contracted employees by informally contracted ones. The reduction in employment levels was accompanied by an increase in the population that exited the labor force. The negative employment impact was three times more severe on production workers than on nonproduction workers, indicating that workers with lower skills were more severely affected. Overall, we find significant job losses to the order of 7.6% of the working-age population.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Alessia Matano
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
A growing body of research has contributed to understanding the labor market and political effects of globalization. This paper explores an overlooked aspect of trade-induced adjustments in the labor market: the institutional aspect. We take advantage of the two-tier collective bargaining structure of the Italian labor market, whereby the first tier entails setting minimum wages at the contract level. Using an instrumental variable strategy and exploiting variations in contract-level exposure to trade, we find for the 1995-2003 period that, on average, the surge in imports decreased contractual minimum wages by 1.5%. This impact increases in the share of unskilled workers employed in the contract. This negative institutional effect contrasts with a nonsignificant effect of trade on total wages, with the latter becoming positive and large only for highly skilled workers.
Author: Susan Horton
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Developing countries
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
This overview of a symposium on labor markets and adjustment concludes that: (1) real wages are more flexible than generally supposed, (2) labor reallocations across sectors have been more or less in the desired direction, and (3) the role of labor unions, generally supposed to be an impediment to adjustment, is more subtle than generally supposed.
Author: Rod Falvey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
Does increased import competition lead to higher returns to skill within an industry and, therefore, to greater incentives for skill acquisition? Does it also induce skill upgrading by the industry's existing workforce? To answer these questions, this paper follows individual workers across skills/occupations, firms, and industries using a longitudinal matched employer-employee data set covering all workers and firms in Portugal over 1986-2000. To identify the effects of international competition the analysis uses two exogenous measures of changes in international competition at the industry level. The first is a quasi-natural experiment based on the strong appreciation of the Portuguese currency during 1989-1992 and preexisting differences in trade exposure across industries in a differences-in-differences estimation. The second is source-weighted real exchange rates defined at the industry level. Based on both empirical strategies, and two definitions of skill, the paper shows that international competition increases returns to skill and induces skill/occupation upgrading within industries.
Author: Pierre-Richard Agénor
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451854781
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
This paper examines the role of the labor market in the transmission process of adjustment policies in developing countries. It begins by reviewing the recent evidence regarding the functioning of these markets. It then studies the implications of wage inertia, nominal contracts, labor market segmentation, and impediments to labor mobility for stabilization policies. The effect of labor market reforms on economic flexibility and the channels through which labor market imperfections alter the effects of structural adjustment measures are discussed next. The last part of the paper identifies a variety of issues that may require further investigation, such as the link between changes in relative wages and the distributional effects of adjustment policies.
Author: Charles S. Pearson
Publisher: IRPP
ISBN: 9780920380895
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
Author: Bernard M. Hoekman
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Commerce
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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Book Description
"The substantial literature investigating the links between trade, trade policy, and labor market outcomes-both returns to labor and employment-has generated a number of stylized facts, but many open questions remain. This paper surveys the subset of the literature focusing on trade policy and integration into the world economy. Although in the longer run trade opportunities can have a major impact in creating more productive and higher paying jobs, this literature tends to take employment as given. A common finding is that much of the shorter run impacts of trade and reforms involve reallocation of labor or wage impacts within sectors. This reflects a pattern of expansion of more productive firms-especially export-oriented or suppliers to exporters-and contraction and adjustment of less productive enterprises in sectors that become subject to greater import competition. Wage responses to trade and trade reforms are generally greater than employment impacts, but trade can only explain a small fraction of the general increase in wage inequality observed in both industrial and developing countries in recent decades. A feature of the literature survey is that the focus is almost exclusively on industries producing goods. Given the importance of service industries as a source of employment and determinants of competitiveness, the paper argues that one priority area for future research is to study the employment effects of services trade and investment reforms. "--World Bank web site.
Author: Peter Chinloy
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400932510
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Peter T. Chinloy and Ernst W. Stromsdorfer I. Background to Adjustments in Labor Markets The book examines the process of adjustment in labor markets across countries arising from external shocks and shifts in international competi tiveness. The examination of specific countries and their data permits a comparison of alternative institutions for compensating and redeploying labor. Four countries are involved, whose labor markets are both competi tive and complementary: Canada, Japan, Mexico, and the United States. Both public labor market institutions, such as direct government com~ pensation of displaced workers and the effect of unemployment insurance, and private market arrangements, such as em loyer-employee agreements on layoffs, the work contract, and severance pay, are considered. Compara tive examination across countries of labor market and related insitutions is thus possible. The book has a common theme, namely the adjustment of labor markets to exogenous shocks, particularly those externally induced. The unifying focus in on workers whose specific skills in an industry or firm render them relatively immobile.
Author: Lori G. Kletzer
Publisher: Peterson Institute
ISBN: 9780881322965
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
In this study of the medium-term effects of trade displacement on American workers, Kletzer uses worker-level data from the US Displaced Worker Surveys to examine the pattern of reemployment following trade-related job loss. She also analyzes regional and local labor market variations, and concludes by exploring the implications of her findings for US policy on linking the labor market and international trade.
