Author: Alejandro Anaya Muñoz
Publisher: ITESO
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : es
Pages : 195
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Book Description
México enfrenta una severa crisis en materia de derechos humanos, caracterizada por numerosos casos de ejecuciones extrajudiciales y por la práctica sistemática y generalizada de la desaparición forzada y la tortura, entre otros tipos de violaciones que ocurren en un marco de prácticamente absoluta impunidad. La ausencia de responsabilidad individual penal y del castigo correspondiente para los perpetradores establece y fortalece un contexto institucional en el que el delito y las violaciones a los derechos humanos se reproducen sin ningún tipo de contrapeso, incentivando su repetición sistemática. Mediante el análisis detallado de una serie de casos, este informe ofrece evidencia que muestra que la impunidad en materia de violación a los derechos humanos suele ser resultado de una serie de acciones realizadas con el fin explícito de garantizar que no haya castigo o sanción para los responsables, lo que en este trabajo de investigación orientada a la incidencia se presenta como “impunidad activa”. Asimismo, identifica distintos mecanismos concretos mediante los cuales esta impunidad se produce. La constatación de la impunidad no accidental o instrumental–estratégica lleva a los autores de este informe a argumentar a favor del establecimiento en México de algún esquema de supervisión internacional de la justicia, que contribuya a romper el ciclo de la impunidad en el país. Para ello, se revisa con detalle un conjunto de experiencias de este tipo, puestas en práctica recientemente tanto en México como en otros países de América Latina, retomando de ellas lecciones y buenas prácticas. Para concluir, se hace un recuento de sus principales argumentos y plantea recomendaciones concretas, encaminadas a la instrumentación en el país de un mecanismo internacional de supervisión de la justicia.(ITESO)
Author: Janice K. Gallagher
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0197649971
Category : Disappeared persons
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
Since 2006, more than 85,000 people have disappeared in Mexico. These disappearances remain largely unsolved: disappeared people are rarely found, and the Mexican state almost never investigates or prosecutes those responsible. Despite this, people not only continue to report disappearances, but many devote their lives to answering the question, "where are they?" Given the risks and institutional barriers, why and how do people mobilize for justice in states with rampant impunity and weak rule of law? In Bootstrap Justice, Janice Gallagher leverages over a decade of ethnographic research to explain what enables the sustained mobilization of family members of the disappeared and analyze how configurations of political power between state and criminal actors shape what is possible for them to achieve. She follows three families from before the disappearance of their loved ones through their transformations into sophisticated and strategic victim advocates and activists. Gallagher supplements these individual narratives with an analysis of the evolving political opportunities for mobilization within Mexico. By centering the perspectives of people whose lives have been upended by the disappearance of their loved ones, Bootstrap Justice offers a unique window into how citizens respond to weak and corrupt institutions. Gallagher focuses on the overlooked role of informal relationships and dynamics in shaping substantive legal and human rights outcomes and highlights how pioneering independent and creative work-arounds can compensate for state inaction. While top-down efforts, such as judicial reforms, technical assistance, and changes in political leadership are important parts of addressing impunity, policymakers and scholars alike have much to learn from the bottom-up--and by following the path that citizens themselves have worn within the labyrinth of state judicial bureaucracies.
Author: Alejandro Anaya-Muñoz
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN: 0812251075
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Lawless elements are ascendant in Mexico, as evidenced by the operations of criminal cartels engaged in human and drug trafficking, often with the active support or acquiescence of government actors. The sharp increase in the number of victims of homicide, disappearances and torture over the past decade is unparalleled in the country's recent history. According to editors Alejandro Anaya-Muñoz and Barbara Frey, the "war on drugs" launched in 2006 by President Felipe Calderón and the corrupting influence criminal organizations have on public institutions have empowered both state and nonstate actors to operate with impunity. Impunity, they argue, is the root cause that has enabled a human-rights crisis to flourish, creating a climate of generalized violence that is carried out, condoned, or ignored by the state and precluding any hope for justice. Mexico's Human Rights Crisis offers a broad survey of the current human rights issues that plague Mexico. Essays focus on the human rights consequences that flow directly from the ongoing "war on drugs" in the country, including violence aimed specifically at women, and the impunity that characterizes the government's activities. Contributors address the violation of the human rights of migrants, in both Mexico and the United States, and cover the domestic and transnational elements and processes that shape the current human rights crisis, from the state of Mexico's democracy to the influence of rulings by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the decisions of Mexico's National Supreme Court of Justice. Given the scope, the contemporaneity, and the gravity of Mexico's human rights crisis, the recommendations made in the book by the editors and contributors to curb the violence could not be more urgent. Contributors: Alejandro Anaya-Muñoz, Karina Ansolabehere, Ariadna Estévez, Barbara Frey, Janice Gallagher, Rodrigo Gutiérrez Rivas, Susan Gzesh, Sandra Hincapié, Catalina Pérez Correa, Laura Rubio Díaz-Leal, Natalia Saltalamacchia, Carlos Silva Forné, Regina Tamés, Javier Treviño-Rangel, Daniel Vázquez, Benjamin James Waddell.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251091870
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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Book Description
The understanding that some pesticides are more hazardous than others is well established. Recognition of this is reflected by the World Health Organization (WHO) Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard, which was first published in 1975. The document classifies pesticides in one of five hazard classes according to their acute toxicity. In 2002, the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) was introduced, which in addition to acute toxicity also provides classification of chemicals according to their chronic health hazards and environmental hazards.
Author: David Delaney
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1405153059
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
This short introduction conveys the complexities associated with the term "territory" in a clear and accessible manner. It surveys the field and brings theory to ground in the case of Palestine. A clear and accessible introduction to the complexities associated with the term "territory". Provides an interdisciplinary survey of the many strands of research in the field. Addresses specific areas including interpretations of territorial structures; the relationship between territoriality and scale; the validity and fluidity of territory; and the practical, social processes associated with territorial re-configurations. Stresses that our understanding of territory is inseparable from our understanding of power. Uses Israel/Palestine as an extended illustrative case study. The author’s strong legal and geographical background gives the work an authoritative perspective.
Author: Ruth Rubio-Marín
Publisher: SSRC
ISBN: 0979077206
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 350
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Book Description
What happens to women whose lives are affected by human rights violations? What happens to their testimony in court or in front of a truth commission? Women face a double marginalization under authoritarian regimes and during and after violent conflicts. Yet reparations programs are rarely designed to address the needs of women victims. What Happened to the Women? Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations emphasizes the necessity of a gender dimension in reparations programs to improve their handling of female victims and their families. A joint project of the International Center for Transitional Justice and Canada's International Development Research Centre, What Happened to the Women? includes studies of gender and reparations policies in Guatemala, Peru, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, and Timor-Leste. Contributors represent a wide range of fields related to transitional justice and include international human rights lawyers, members of truth and reconciliation commissions, and NGO representatives.
Author: Rosi Braidotti
Publisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 023151526X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 345
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Book Description
For more than fifteen years, Nomadic Subjects has guided discourse in continental philosophy and feminist theory, exploring the constitution of contemporary subjectivity, especially the concept of difference within European philosophy and political theory. Rosi Braidotti's creative style vividly renders a productive crisis of modernity. From a feminist perspective, she recasts embodiment, sexual difference, and complex concepts through relations to technology, historical events, and popular culture. This thoroughly revised and expanded edition retains all but two of Braidotti's original essays, including her investigations into epistemology's relation to the "woman question;" feminism and biomedical ethics; European feminism; and the possible relations between American feminism and European politics and philosophy. A new piece integrates Deleuze and Guattari's concept of the "becoming-minoritarian" more deeply into modern democratic thought, and a chapter on methodology explains Braidotti's methods while engaging with her critics. A new introduction muses on Braidotti's provocative legacy.
Author: Peter Uvin
Publisher: Kumarian Press
ISBN: 1565490835
Category : Economic assistance
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
Includes statistics.
Author: Michael McClintock
Publisher: Pantheon
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 720
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Book Description
Author: Paul Gready
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108668577
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 345
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Book Description
Transitional justice has become the principle lens used by countries emerging from conflict and authoritarian rule to address the legacies of violence and serious human rights abuses. However, as transitional justice practice becomes more institutionalized with support from NGOs and funding from Western donors, questions have been raised about the long-term effectiveness of transitional justice mechanisms. Core elements of the paradigm have been subjected to sustained critique, yet there is much less commentary that goes beyond critique to set out, in a comprehensive fashion, what an alternative approach might look like. This volume discusses one such alternative, transformative justice, and positions this quest in the wider context of ongoing fall-out from the 2008 global economic and political crisis, as well as the failure of social justice advocates to respond with imagination and ambition. Drawing on diverse perspectives, contributors illustrate the wide-ranging purchase of transformative justice at both conceptual and empirical levels.
