Author: Janani Rangaswami
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030454142
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 468
Book Description
This book is the first title that focuses exclusively on kidney disease and its impact in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. The increasing prevalence of vascular risk factors such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension coupled with increased longevity has resulted in a worldwide epidemic of cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Never has the impact of one organ system on the other been so profound, as in the current context of cardio-renal interactions. The cross talk between the heart and kidneys is highly relevant in the field of interventional cardiology, given the increasing number of trans-catheter procedures being performed in patients with underlying kidney disease. These procedures also have a significant impact on kidney function and require thoughtful interdisciplinary planning by a cardiorenal team, to achieve optimal outcomes This book assembles the collective expertise of several international leaders in the field of interventional cardiology and nephrology to summarize this complex interface. The book is divided into seven sections to comprehensively cover the topic, including sections on best practices with reduction of contrast associated acute kidney injury, cutting edge techniques to minimize kidney risk with complex interventions, impact of transcatheter valvular procedures on kidney function and the utility of cardio-nephrology teams . Less recognized complications with high morbidity such as athero-embolic renal disease are featured prominently, to increase awareness in the interventional cardiology and nephrology communities. This book is a valuable resource for interventional and structural cardiologists, general cardiologists and nephrologists dealing with the significant overlap areas between these two specialties. It is also relevant to medical students, trainee physicians in nephrology and cardiology, advanced care practitioners and nursing personnel in both specialties . Given the major impact of kidney function on outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac procedures, this textbook serves as a focal point to integrate relevant clinical data from both specialties and help interventional cardiologists achieve optimal outcomes, especially in patients with (or at risk for) kidney disease.
Kidney Disease in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
Author: Janani Rangaswami
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030454142
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 468
Book Description
This book is the first title that focuses exclusively on kidney disease and its impact in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. The increasing prevalence of vascular risk factors such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension coupled with increased longevity has resulted in a worldwide epidemic of cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Never has the impact of one organ system on the other been so profound, as in the current context of cardio-renal interactions. The cross talk between the heart and kidneys is highly relevant in the field of interventional cardiology, given the increasing number of trans-catheter procedures being performed in patients with underlying kidney disease. These procedures also have a significant impact on kidney function and require thoughtful interdisciplinary planning by a cardiorenal team, to achieve optimal outcomes This book assembles the collective expertise of several international leaders in the field of interventional cardiology and nephrology to summarize this complex interface. The book is divided into seven sections to comprehensively cover the topic, including sections on best practices with reduction of contrast associated acute kidney injury, cutting edge techniques to minimize kidney risk with complex interventions, impact of transcatheter valvular procedures on kidney function and the utility of cardio-nephrology teams . Less recognized complications with high morbidity such as athero-embolic renal disease are featured prominently, to increase awareness in the interventional cardiology and nephrology communities. This book is a valuable resource for interventional and structural cardiologists, general cardiologists and nephrologists dealing with the significant overlap areas between these two specialties. It is also relevant to medical students, trainee physicians in nephrology and cardiology, advanced care practitioners and nursing personnel in both specialties . Given the major impact of kidney function on outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac procedures, this textbook serves as a focal point to integrate relevant clinical data from both specialties and help interventional cardiologists achieve optimal outcomes, especially in patients with (or at risk for) kidney disease.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030454142
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 468
Book Description
This book is the first title that focuses exclusively on kidney disease and its impact in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. The increasing prevalence of vascular risk factors such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension coupled with increased longevity has resulted in a worldwide epidemic of cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Never has the impact of one organ system on the other been so profound, as in the current context of cardio-renal interactions. The cross talk between the heart and kidneys is highly relevant in the field of interventional cardiology, given the increasing number of trans-catheter procedures being performed in patients with underlying kidney disease. These procedures also have a significant impact on kidney function and require thoughtful interdisciplinary planning by a cardiorenal team, to achieve optimal outcomes This book assembles the collective expertise of several international leaders in the field of interventional cardiology and nephrology to summarize this complex interface. The book is divided into seven sections to comprehensively cover the topic, including sections on best practices with reduction of contrast associated acute kidney injury, cutting edge techniques to minimize kidney risk with complex interventions, impact of transcatheter valvular procedures on kidney function and the utility of cardio-nephrology teams . Less recognized complications with high morbidity such as athero-embolic renal disease are featured prominently, to increase awareness in the interventional cardiology and nephrology communities. This book is a valuable resource for interventional and structural cardiologists, general cardiologists and nephrologists dealing with the significant overlap areas between these two specialties. It is also relevant to medical students, trainee physicians in nephrology and cardiology, advanced care practitioners and nursing personnel in both specialties . Given the major impact of kidney function on outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac procedures, this textbook serves as a focal point to integrate relevant clinical data from both specialties and help interventional cardiologists achieve optimal outcomes, especially in patients with (or at risk for) kidney disease.
Renal Complications in the Catheterization Laboratory, An Issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics
Author: Hitinder S. Gurm
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323313280
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 161
Book Description
Interventional cardiologists are able to perform minimally invasive procedures, such as angioplasty and stenting, due to imaging technologies that allow them to see inside the heart and blood vessels without open surgery. Such imaging often requires injection of contrast media, which are generally safe, but for some patients with drug sensitivities or compromised kidney function, contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) can result. CIN is a major complication that can increase in-hospital mortality. This issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinica addresses the management, treatment, and prevention of renal complications in the catheterization laboratory.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323313280
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 161
Book Description
Interventional cardiologists are able to perform minimally invasive procedures, such as angioplasty and stenting, due to imaging technologies that allow them to see inside the heart and blood vessels without open surgery. Such imaging often requires injection of contrast media, which are generally safe, but for some patients with drug sensitivities or compromised kidney function, contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) can result. CIN is a major complication that can increase in-hospital mortality. This issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinica addresses the management, treatment, and prevention of renal complications in the catheterization laboratory.
Primary Angioplasty
Author: Timothy J Watson
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811311145
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 339
Book Description
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This quick-reference handbook offers a concise and practical review of key aspects of the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). In the context of STEMI, PPCI is the preferred mode of emergency revascularization. Access to PPCI is rapidly increasing and is now routinely practiced in both general and specialist hospitals and there has been a recent emphasis on developing STEMI networks to enhance and expedite the referral pathway. This coupled with concurrent developments to enhance the safety and efficacy of the PPCI procedure has heralded an era where STEMI interventions are increasingly considered an important subspecialty within interventional cardiology. Written by leading cardiologists who have been instrumental in the adoption of PPCI in their respective institutions, the book provides junior and senior cardiologists alike with insightful and thought-provoking tips and tricks to enhance the success of PPCI procedures, which may in turn translate into direct improvements in outcomes. The book is also relevant for healthcare providers and emergency department physicians.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811311145
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 339
Book Description
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This quick-reference handbook offers a concise and practical review of key aspects of the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). In the context of STEMI, PPCI is the preferred mode of emergency revascularization. Access to PPCI is rapidly increasing and is now routinely practiced in both general and specialist hospitals and there has been a recent emphasis on developing STEMI networks to enhance and expedite the referral pathway. This coupled with concurrent developments to enhance the safety and efficacy of the PPCI procedure has heralded an era where STEMI interventions are increasingly considered an important subspecialty within interventional cardiology. Written by leading cardiologists who have been instrumental in the adoption of PPCI in their respective institutions, the book provides junior and senior cardiologists alike with insightful and thought-provoking tips and tricks to enhance the success of PPCI procedures, which may in turn translate into direct improvements in outcomes. The book is also relevant for healthcare providers and emergency department physicians.
Chronic Kidney Disease
Author: Thomas Rath
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 953513843X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 307
Book Description
Known worldwide, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a disease that affects up to 4% of the population with increasing figures also in the developing countries. Life expectancy of patients affected by CKD is shortened compared to the overall population, and only a minority of patients reach end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with the need for dialysis or renal transplantation; death overtakes dialysis. In the 13 chapters, this book sheds light on the different aspects related to pathophysiology and clinical aspects of CKD, providing interesting insights into not only inflammation and cardiovascular risk but also the interplay of hormones and the functional aspects of endothelial function. In addition, chapters dealing with genetic aspects of polycystic kidney disease and also the clinical handling of patients with CKD and peritoneal dialysis will be beneficial for the open-minded reader.
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 953513843X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 307
Book Description
Known worldwide, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a disease that affects up to 4% of the population with increasing figures also in the developing countries. Life expectancy of patients affected by CKD is shortened compared to the overall population, and only a minority of patients reach end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with the need for dialysis or renal transplantation; death overtakes dialysis. In the 13 chapters, this book sheds light on the different aspects related to pathophysiology and clinical aspects of CKD, providing interesting insights into not only inflammation and cardiovascular risk but also the interplay of hormones and the functional aspects of endothelial function. In addition, chapters dealing with genetic aspects of polycystic kidney disease and also the clinical handling of patients with CKD and peritoneal dialysis will be beneficial for the open-minded reader.
Braunwald's Heart Disease E-Book
Author: Douglas L. Mann
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323290647
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2376
Book Description
Ideal for cardiologists who need to keep abreast of rapidly changing scientific foundations, clinical research results, and evidence-based medicine, Braunwald’s Heart Disease is your indispensable source for definitive, state-of-the-art answers on every aspect of contemporary cardiology, helping you apply the most recent knowledge in personalized medicine, imaging techniques, pharmacology, interventional cardiology, electrophysiology, and much more! Practice with confidence and overcome your toughest challenges with advice from the top minds in cardiology today, who synthesize the entire state of current knowledge and summarize all of the most recent ACC/AHA practice guidelines. Locate the answers you need fast thanks to a user-friendly, full-color design with more than 1,200 color illustrations. Learn from leading international experts, including 53 new authors. Explore brand-new chapters, such as Principles of Cardiovascular Genetics and Biomarkers, Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Personalized Medicine. Access new and updated guidelines covering Diseases of the Aorta, Peripheral Artery Diseases, Diabetes and the Cardiovascular System, Heart Failure, and Valvular Heart Disease. Stay abreast of the latest diagnostic and imaging techniques and modalities, such as three-dimensional echocardiography, speckle tracking, tissue Doppler, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323290647
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2376
Book Description
Ideal for cardiologists who need to keep abreast of rapidly changing scientific foundations, clinical research results, and evidence-based medicine, Braunwald’s Heart Disease is your indispensable source for definitive, state-of-the-art answers on every aspect of contemporary cardiology, helping you apply the most recent knowledge in personalized medicine, imaging techniques, pharmacology, interventional cardiology, electrophysiology, and much more! Practice with confidence and overcome your toughest challenges with advice from the top minds in cardiology today, who synthesize the entire state of current knowledge and summarize all of the most recent ACC/AHA practice guidelines. Locate the answers you need fast thanks to a user-friendly, full-color design with more than 1,200 color illustrations. Learn from leading international experts, including 53 new authors. Explore brand-new chapters, such as Principles of Cardiovascular Genetics and Biomarkers, Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Personalized Medicine. Access new and updated guidelines covering Diseases of the Aorta, Peripheral Artery Diseases, Diabetes and the Cardiovascular System, Heart Failure, and Valvular Heart Disease. Stay abreast of the latest diagnostic and imaging techniques and modalities, such as three-dimensional echocardiography, speckle tracking, tissue Doppler, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability.
Arterial and Venous Access in the Cardiac Catheterization Lab
Author: Mazen Abu-Fadel
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
ISBN: 0813572185
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 199
Book Description
Percutaneous cardiac and endovascular procedures are performed by a variety of interventional physicians and continue to evolve and expand. One of the most important steps in performing these procedures is vascular access and their Achilles heel is vascular access site complications. This volume is intended to help the clinician by providing a practical overview of the techniques and technologies used in top catheterization laboratories to access the arterial and venous beds. Dr. Mazen Abu-Fadel and his contributors, part of the renowned cardiovascular team at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, carefully walk the reader through the various techniques used to obtain vascular access into most arterial and venous sites. They thoroughly describe current data, techniques, advantages, risks, and benefits of each vascular access site. Covering everything from anatomic landmarks to closures devices, Arterial and Venous Access in the Cardiac Catheterization Lab offers a complete overview of each procedure. In addition, it provides an up-to-date guide to the best medical technologies and equipment used when performing these procedures. Arterial and Venous Access in the Cardiac Catheterization Lab is an invaluable resource for a wide range of clinical personnel, from attending physicians and trainees to nursing staff and vascular technicians. Written by experienced leaders in the field, it demonstrates how to perform complex, risky procedures while providing patients with expert care.
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
ISBN: 0813572185
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 199
Book Description
Percutaneous cardiac and endovascular procedures are performed by a variety of interventional physicians and continue to evolve and expand. One of the most important steps in performing these procedures is vascular access and their Achilles heel is vascular access site complications. This volume is intended to help the clinician by providing a practical overview of the techniques and technologies used in top catheterization laboratories to access the arterial and venous beds. Dr. Mazen Abu-Fadel and his contributors, part of the renowned cardiovascular team at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, carefully walk the reader through the various techniques used to obtain vascular access into most arterial and venous sites. They thoroughly describe current data, techniques, advantages, risks, and benefits of each vascular access site. Covering everything from anatomic landmarks to closures devices, Arterial and Venous Access in the Cardiac Catheterization Lab offers a complete overview of each procedure. In addition, it provides an up-to-date guide to the best medical technologies and equipment used when performing these procedures. Arterial and Venous Access in the Cardiac Catheterization Lab is an invaluable resource for a wide range of clinical personnel, from attending physicians and trainees to nursing staff and vascular technicians. Written by experienced leaders in the field, it demonstrates how to perform complex, risky procedures while providing patients with expert care.
Renal Disease and coronary, peripheral and structural interventions, An Issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics
Author: Hitinder Singh Gurm
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323762751
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 161
Book Description
This issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Hitinder Gurm, will discuss Renal Disease and coronary, peripheral and structural interventions. This issue is one of four selected each year by the series Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Matthew Price. Topics discussed in this issue will include: Contrast induced nephropathy, Pathophysiology of CIN, Implications of Renal disease in patients undergoing peripheral arterial interventions, Implications of renal disease in patients undergoing Structural interventions, Different types of contrast media, Biomarkers of CIN, Pharmacological prophylaxis of CIN, A practical approach to preventing renal complications in the catheterization laboratory, and several other topics.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323762751
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 161
Book Description
This issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Hitinder Gurm, will discuss Renal Disease and coronary, peripheral and structural interventions. This issue is one of four selected each year by the series Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Matthew Price. Topics discussed in this issue will include: Contrast induced nephropathy, Pathophysiology of CIN, Implications of Renal disease in patients undergoing peripheral arterial interventions, Implications of renal disease in patients undergoing Structural interventions, Different types of contrast media, Biomarkers of CIN, Pharmacological prophylaxis of CIN, A practical approach to preventing renal complications in the catheterization laboratory, and several other topics.
Renal Disease and coronary, peripheral and structural interventions, An Issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, E-Book
Author: Shweta Bansal
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0443129940
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 145
Book Description
In this issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, guest editor Dr. Shweta Bansal brings her considerable expertise to the topic of Renal Disease and Coronary, Peripheral and Structural Interventions. Top experts cover key topics such as the significance of kidney disease in cardiovascular disease patients; definition and stages of AKI in context of cardiovascular procedures; contrast-induced/associated nephropathy; predicting contrast-induced renal complications; hydration IV and oral/other pharmacological preventive strategies; and more. - Contains 10 relevant, practice-oriented topics including the implications of renal disease in patients undergoing peripheral arterial interventions; the implications of renal disease in patients undergoing structural interventions; a practical approach to preventing renal complications in the catheterization laboratory; AKI management strategies pericardiovascular interventions[RM1] ; and more. - Provides in-depth clinical reviews on renal disease and coronary, peripheral and structural interventions, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0443129940
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 145
Book Description
In this issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, guest editor Dr. Shweta Bansal brings her considerable expertise to the topic of Renal Disease and Coronary, Peripheral and Structural Interventions. Top experts cover key topics such as the significance of kidney disease in cardiovascular disease patients; definition and stages of AKI in context of cardiovascular procedures; contrast-induced/associated nephropathy; predicting contrast-induced renal complications; hydration IV and oral/other pharmacological preventive strategies; and more. - Contains 10 relevant, practice-oriented topics including the implications of renal disease in patients undergoing peripheral arterial interventions; the implications of renal disease in patients undergoing structural interventions; a practical approach to preventing renal complications in the catheterization laboratory; AKI management strategies pericardiovascular interventions[RM1] ; and more. - Provides in-depth clinical reviews on renal disease and coronary, peripheral and structural interventions, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
Aortic Valve Transcatheter Intervention
Author: Marco Zimarino
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119720605
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 42
Book Description
Aortic Valve Transcatheter Intervention Calcific aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common heart valve anomaly, with a largely age-dependent prevalence, a calculated annual incidence rate in the range of 4-5% in general populations and up to 6% in patients aged 75 years and over. Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) was previously the only option available to patients with symptomatic, severe aortic stenosis. After the first-in-human transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was performed by Alain Cribier in 2002, the treatment strategy for patients with symptomatic AS has been revolutionized. Since then, TAVI has grown exponentially, as a result of accruing evidence demonstrating safety and efficacy, and reduced invasiveness compared with SAVR. TAVI devices are continuously expanding to include several valve design options. As this strategy is continuously evolving to treat younger patients and lower-risk populations, aside from the long-term durability of the valve systems, procedural safety will become the focus of newer-generation devices. This book is a practical handbook devoted to the optimization of TAVI procedures, through a focused containment of complications. Through an integrated evaluation of the clinical status, imaging techniques and laboratory findings, the authors provide readers with clear messages on preventive and therapeutic recommendations.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119720605
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 42
Book Description
Aortic Valve Transcatheter Intervention Calcific aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common heart valve anomaly, with a largely age-dependent prevalence, a calculated annual incidence rate in the range of 4-5% in general populations and up to 6% in patients aged 75 years and over. Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) was previously the only option available to patients with symptomatic, severe aortic stenosis. After the first-in-human transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was performed by Alain Cribier in 2002, the treatment strategy for patients with symptomatic AS has been revolutionized. Since then, TAVI has grown exponentially, as a result of accruing evidence demonstrating safety and efficacy, and reduced invasiveness compared with SAVR. TAVI devices are continuously expanding to include several valve design options. As this strategy is continuously evolving to treat younger patients and lower-risk populations, aside from the long-term durability of the valve systems, procedural safety will become the focus of newer-generation devices. This book is a practical handbook devoted to the optimization of TAVI procedures, through a focused containment of complications. Through an integrated evaluation of the clinical status, imaging techniques and laboratory findings, the authors provide readers with clear messages on preventive and therapeutic recommendations.
ADQI Consensus on AKI Biomarkers and Cardiorenal Syndromes
Author: J.A. Kellum
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3318024074
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 218
Book Description
Associated with both acute kidney injury (AKI) and cardio-renal syndromes (CRS), new biomarkers represent both a popular area of investigation and a new opportunity for advancement of therapy. This book contains the resolutions of the most recent ADQI conferences on biomarkers in AKI (Dublin) and on cardio-renal syndromes (Venice). The first part answers specific questions about new biomarkers and their use and utility in AKI: What are the most suitable candidate molecules and physiologic measures, how solid and evidence based is the discovery phase? How can we incorporate the new biomarkers in the AKI conceptual model describing the evolution from susceptibility to insult, decreased GFR and organ death? Even if we have a positive biomarker pattern and we can identify patients at risk or patients with early or even subclinical AKI, how is this information affecting our clinical behavior and practice? The second part is dedicated to the appraisal of the current knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in different forms of CRS: it contains contributions on the state-of-the-art knowledge and practice of CRS, particularly focusing on the pathophysiology of the five subtypes. Acute and chronic mechanisms of damage are explored in depth, with particular attention to the primacy of organ involvement and the subsequent pathways of organ crosstalk.Presenting the most recent research in the field of biomarkers, AKI and CRS, this publication is an important educational tool for advanced investigators and clinical experts, but also for students and fellows.
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3318024074
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 218
Book Description
Associated with both acute kidney injury (AKI) and cardio-renal syndromes (CRS), new biomarkers represent both a popular area of investigation and a new opportunity for advancement of therapy. This book contains the resolutions of the most recent ADQI conferences on biomarkers in AKI (Dublin) and on cardio-renal syndromes (Venice). The first part answers specific questions about new biomarkers and their use and utility in AKI: What are the most suitable candidate molecules and physiologic measures, how solid and evidence based is the discovery phase? How can we incorporate the new biomarkers in the AKI conceptual model describing the evolution from susceptibility to insult, decreased GFR and organ death? Even if we have a positive biomarker pattern and we can identify patients at risk or patients with early or even subclinical AKI, how is this information affecting our clinical behavior and practice? The second part is dedicated to the appraisal of the current knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in different forms of CRS: it contains contributions on the state-of-the-art knowledge and practice of CRS, particularly focusing on the pathophysiology of the five subtypes. Acute and chronic mechanisms of damage are explored in depth, with particular attention to the primacy of organ involvement and the subsequent pathways of organ crosstalk.Presenting the most recent research in the field of biomarkers, AKI and CRS, this publication is an important educational tool for advanced investigators and clinical experts, but also for students and fellows.