Author: Tanya Renee McKitrick
Publisher: Stanford University
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
transmembrane helices and a short intracellular tail. Sequences from over 70 individuals collected from populations along the West Coast of North America and two populations from the North East coast revealed that uncle fester is remarkably non-polymorphic, with only two single nucleotide polymorphisms and one amino acid deletion found to be segregating within these populations. I first determined uncle fester expression by RT-PCR, and found that expression begins in the early stages of embryonic development, and continues throughout the life cycle of the individual. These studies also revealed that uncle fester is alternatively spliced in the embryo, tadpole and adult stages of development. Each adult examined thus far expresses three alternative splice variants; however, embryos and tadpole larvae express an additional set of splice variants. The roles of these splice variants remain unknown. I then performed in situ hybridization on tadpole larvae, juveniles and adult colonies using an uncle fester specific riboprobe, to determine where the uncle fester mRNA is localized. The results indicate that uncle fester mRNA is found on the larval adhesive papillae, the epithelia of the ampullae and on a subset of blood cells, all tissues known to be involved in the allorecognition response. I also created two monoclonal antibodies to the uncle fester protein, and results from whole-mount immunohistochemistry are concordant with the mRNA in situ hybridization data. The methods and characterization of the uncle fester antibodies can be found in Chapter 4. Previous studies have shown that fester is also expressed along the epithelia of the ampullae. To determine if both proteins are co-expressed on the same populations of cells, I performed double-labeled FACS and IF using directly conjugated fester and uncle fester mAbs. Results indicated that all cells that express uncle fester also express fester, and in addition there is a population of fester+/uncle fester- cells found migrating within the tunic. To determine if uncle fester was functionally involved in the allorecognition response, I used two distinct approaches. First, I delivered custom siRNA to individuals while surgically removing the ampullar tissue, essentially forcing the animals to regenerate new ampullae under the effects of the siRNA and eliminating the uncle fester protein. When incompatible colonies were paired while under the effects of siRNA, the allorecognition response was never initiated and the two colonies eventually grew over the top of each other. However, the application of uncle fester siRNA had no effect on compatible colonies, suggesting that the activation of a rejection reaction is independent of a fusion response. The second approach was to stimulate function using the uncle fester specific monoclonal antibodies. By conjugating the mAb to magnetic beads, I was able to localize the antibody to the epithelia of ampullae, which resulted in the formation of strong points of rejection on a single colony. In summary, I found that uncle fester is a non-polymorphic type I transmembrane protein that expresses a limited repertoire of alternative splice variants. It is co-localized with both the fuhc and fester on all tissues important to the allorecognition response. Functionally, uncle fester is required to activate a rejection response, but plays no role in compatible interactions. These results have transformed our working hypothesis from allorecognition consisting of a single activating pathway, to one consisting of two independent activating and inhibitory pathways that control histocompatibility outcomes.
Author: Edwin L. Cooper
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319767682
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1063
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Book Description
Immunologists, perhaps understandably, most often concentrate on the human immune system, an anthropocentric focus that has resulted in a dearth of information about the immune function of all other species within the animal kingdom. However, knowledge of animal immune function could help not only to better understand human immunology, but perhaps more importantly, it could help to treat and avoid the blights that affect animals, which consequently affect humans. Take for example the mass death of honeybees in recent years – their demise, resulting in much less pollination, poses a serious threat to numerous crops, and thus the food supply. There is a similar disappearance of frogs internationally, signaling ecological problems, among them fungal infections. This book aims to fill this void by describing and discussing what is known about non-human immunology. It covers various major animal phyla, its chapters organized in a progression from the simplest unicellular organisms to the most complex vertebrates, mammals. Chapters are written by experts, covering the latest findings and new research being conducted about each phylum. Edwin L. Cooper is a Distinguished Professor in the Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Neurobiology at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine.
Author: Pierre Pontarotti
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319959549
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
The book includes 19 selected contributions presented at the 21st Evolutionary Biology Meeting, which took place in Marseille in September 2017. The chapters are grouped into the following five categories: · Genome/Phenotype Evolution · Self/Nonself Evolution · Origin of Biodiversity · Origin of Life · Concepts The annual Evolutionary Biology Meetings in Marseille serve to gather leading evolutionary biologists and other scientists using evolutionary biology concepts, e.g. for medical research. The aim of these meetings is to promote the exchange of ideas to encourage interdisciplinary collaborations. Offering an up-to-date overview of recent findings in the field of evolutionary biology, this book is in invaluable source of information for scientists, teachers and advanced students.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128127988
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 478
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Book Description
Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form Volume 136 in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on D. melanogaster, Zebrafish, Chick, Mouse and Human, C. elegans, D. melanogaster Internalization, Sea urchin, Ascidians, Xenopus Internalization, Xenopus Convergent Extension, Zebrafish Epiboly, Zebrafish Internalization, Zebrafish Convergence and Extension, Chick Primitive streak formation and mesendoderm internalization, Octavian Voiculescu, Mouse Primitive streak formation and internalization, Mouse Definitive endoderm morphogenesis, Conservation of movements, and more.
Author: Alessandro Minelli
Publisher: EOLSS Publications
ISBN: 1848261896
Category : Biology
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
Biological Science Fundamentals and Systematics is a component of Encyclopedia of Biological, Physiological and Health Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Biological Science Fundamentals and Systematics provides the essential aspects and a myriad of issues of great relevance to our world such as: History and Scope of Biological Sciences; The Origin and Evolution of Early Life; Evolution; Classification and Diversity of Life Forms; Systematics of Microbial Kingdom (s) and Fungi; Systematic Botany; Systematic Zoology: Invertebrates; Systematic Zoology: Vertebrates which are then expanded into multiple subtopics, each as a chapter. These four volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.
Author: Davide Malagoli
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012802013X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
The Evolution of the Immune System: Conservation and Diversification is the first book of its kind that prompts a new perspective when describing and considering the evolution of the immune system. Its unique approach summarizes, updates, and provides new insights on the different immune receptors, soluble factors, and immune cell effectors. - Helps the reader gain a modern idea of the evolution of the immune systems in pluricellular organisms - Provides a complete overview of the most studied and hot topics in comparative and evolutionary immunology - Reflects the organisation of the immune system (cell-based, humoral [innate], humoral [adaptive]) without introducing further and misleading levels of organization - Brings concepts and ideas on the evolution of the immune system to a wide readership
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123813212
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 591
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Book Description
This volume of Methods in Cell Biology is the 3e, and provides comprehensive compendia of laboratory protocols and reviews covering all the new methods developed since 2004. This new volume on Disease Models and Chemical Screens, covers two rapidly emerging and compelling applications of the zebrafish. - Details state-of-the art zebrafish protocols, delineating critical steps in the procedures as well as potential pitfalls - This volume concentrates on Disease Models and Chemical Screens
Author: Morteza Jalali
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012803078X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 383
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Book Description
Basic Science Methods for Clinical Researchers addresses the specific challenges faced by clinicians without a conventional science background. The aim of the book is to introduce the reader to core experimental methods commonly used to answer questions in basic science research and to outline their relative strengths and limitations in generating conclusive data. This book will be a vital companion for clinicians undertaking laboratory-based science. It will support clinicians in the pursuit of their academic interests and in making an original contribution to their chosen field. In doing so, it will facilitate the development of tomorrow's clinician scientists and future leaders in discovery science. - Serves as a helpful guide for clinical researchers who lack a conventional science background - Organized around research themes pertaining to key biological molecules, from genes, to proteins, cells, and model organisms - Features protocols, techniques for troubleshooting common problems, and an explanation of the advantages and limitations of a technique in generating conclusive data - Appendices provide resources for practical research methodology, including legal frameworks for using stem cells and animals in the laboratory, ethical considerations, and good laboratory practice (GLP)
Author: Saurabh Bhatia
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128024984
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 452
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Book Description
Modern Applications of Plant Biotechnology in Pharmaceutical Sciences explores advanced techniques in plant biotechnology, their applications to pharmaceutical sciences, and how these methods can lead to more effective, safe, and affordable drugs. The book covers modern approaches in a practical, step-by-step manner, and includes illustrations, examples, and case studies to enhance understanding. Key topics include plant-made pharmaceuticals, classical and non-classical techniques for secondary metabolite production in plant cell culture and their relevance to pharmaceutical science, edible vaccines, novel delivery systems for plant-based products, international industry regulatory guidelines, and more. Readers will find the book to be a comprehensive and valuable resource for the study of modern plant biotechnology approaches and their pharmaceutical applications. - Builds upon the basic concepts of cell and plant tissue culture and recombinant DNA technology to better illustrate the modern and potential applications of plant biotechnology to the pharmaceutical sciences - Provides detailed yet practical coverage of complex techniques, such as micropropogation, gene transfer, and biosynthesis - Examines critical issues of international importance and offers real-life examples and potential solutions
Author: Edwin Lowell Cooper
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
