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Author: Ronald Frank Tylecote
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Ronald Frank Tylecote
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Sandra Blakely
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521855004
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 343
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Author: Bassey Andah
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134679491
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 900
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Africa has a vibrant past. It emerges from this book as the proud possessor of a vast and highly complicated interweaving of peoples and cultures, practising an enormous diversity of economic and social strategies in an 2xtraordinary range of environmental situations. At long last the archaeology of Africa has revealed enough of Africa's unwritten past to confound preconceptions about this continent and to upset the picture inferred from historic written records. Without an understanding of its past complexities, it is impossible to grasp Africa's present, let alone its future.
Author: Paula M. McNutt
Publisher: A&C Black
ISBN: 185075263X
Category : Bible
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Author: Marijke van der Veen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475767307
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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This volume presents a completely new and very substantial body of information about the origin of agriculture and plant use in Africa. All the evidence is very recent and for the first time all this archaeobotanical evidence is brought together in one volume (at present the information is unpublished or published in many disparate journals, confer ence reports, monographs, site reports, etc. ). Early publications concerned with the origins of African plant domestication relied almost exclusively on inferences made from the modem distribution of the wild progenitors of African cultivars; there existed virtually no archaeobotanical data at that time. Even as recently as the early 1990s direct evidence for the transition to farming and the relative roles of indigenous versus Near Eastern crops was lacking for most of Africa. This volume changes that and presents a wide range of ex citing new evidence, including case studies from Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Uganda, Egypt, and Sudan, which range in date from 8000 BP to the present day. The volume ad dresses topics such as the role of wild plant resources in hunter-gatherer and farming com munities, the origins of agriculture, the agricultural foundation of complex societies, long-distance trade, the exchange of foods and crops, and the human impact on local vege tation-all key issues of current research in archaeology, anthropology, agronomy, ecol ogy, and economic history.
Author: Paul T. Craddock
Publisher: British Museum Press
ISBN:
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
Originally published in 1985, the 18 papers in this volume, which were read at the Symposium on Early Furnace technology at the British Museum in 1982, have been reprinted. Contributors include: R.F. Tylecote & J.F. Merkel (experimental smelting techniques); W.A. Oddy & J. Swaddling (illustrations of metalworking furnaces on Greek vases); S. Bernus & N. Echard (metalworking in Niger); B. Rothenberg (copper smelting furnaces in the Araba, Israel); J.S. Hodgkinson & C.F. Tebutt (the Romano-British iron industry in the Weald); M. Bamberger (working conditions of the ancient copper smelting process); R.E. Clough (the iron industry in Iron Age and Roman Britain); E. Photos, S.J. Filippakis & C.J. Salter (investigations of some metallurgical remains at Knossos); M. Werner (evidence for gold-smelting in Yugoslavia in the Late Roman period).
Author: Mwelwa C. Musambachime
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1524594415
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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As late as the beginning of the nineteenth century, despite the many years of direct contact with European traders and the influx of European goods, most African societies still produced their own iron and its products, or obtained them from neighbouring communities through local trade. The quality of iron products was such that, despite competition from European imports, local iron production survived into the early twentieth century in some parts of the continent. The production process covered prospecting, mining, smelting, and forging. Different types of ore were available all over the continent and were extracted by shallow or alluvial mining. A variety of skills were required for building furnaces, producing charcoal, smelting, and forging iron into goods. Iron production was generally not an enclave activity but a process that fulfilled the totality of socio-economic needs. It also fit the gender division of labour within communities.
Author: Shadreck Chirikure
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331911641X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 181
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This book seeks to communicate to both a global and local audience, the key attributes of pre-industrial African metallurgy such as technological variation across space and time, methods of mining and extractive metallurgy and the fabrication of metal objects. These processes were transformative in a physical and metaphoric sense, which made them total social facts. Because the production and use of metals was an accretion of various categories of practice, a chaine operatoire conceptual and theoretical framework that simultaneously considers the embedded technological and anthropological factors was used. The book focuses on Africa’s different regions as roughly defined by cultural geography. On the one hand there is North Africa, Egypt, the Egyptian Sudan, and the Horn of Africa which share cultural inheritances with the Middle East and on the other is Africa south of the Sahara and the Sudan which despite interacting with the former is remarkably different in terms of technological practice. For example, not only is the timing of metallurgy different but so is the infrastructure for working metals and the associated symbolic and sociological factors. The cultural valuation of metals and the social positions of metal workers were different too although there is evidence of some values transfer and multi-directional technological cross borrowing. The multitude of permutations associated with metals production and use amply demonstrates that metals participated in the production and reproduction of society. Despite huge temporal and spatial differences there are so many common factors between African metallurgy and that of other regions of the world. For example, the role of magic and ritual in metal working is almost universal be it in Bolivia, Nepal, Malawi, Timna, Togo or Zimbabwe. Similarly, techniques of mining were constrained by the underlying geology but this should not in any way suggest that Africa’s metallurgy was derivative or that the continent had no initiative. Rather it demonstrates that when confronted with similar challenges, humanity in different regions of the world responded to identical challenges in predictable ways mediated as mediated by the prevailing cultural context. The success of the use of historical and ethnographic data in understanding variation and improvisation in African metallurgical practices flags the potential utility of these sources in Asia, Latin America and Europe. Some nuance is however needed because it is simply naïve to assume that everything depicted in the history or ethnography has a parallel in the past and vice versa. Rather, the confluence of archaeology, history and ethnography becomes a pedestal for dialogue between different sources, subjects and ideas that is important for broadening our knowledge of global categories of metallurgical practice.
Author: Iron and Steel Institute
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Iron industry and trade
Languages : en
Pages : 790
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Includes the institute's Proceedings.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ceramics
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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