Author: R. L. F. Boyd
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Book Description
A short pathlength radio frequency ion mass spectrometer was developed for rocket measurements in the D-and lower-E regions of the ionosphere without the interposition of a shock between plasma and spectrometer. Design and operation are discussed. Ions of mass 16 + or - 1, 18 + or - 1, 21 + or - 2, 28 + or - 2, 36 + or - 3 and 55 + or - 5 were detected on the ascent and descent between 90(+) and 120 km. The tentative ion identifications are O(+), H3O(+), Na(+), or Mg(+), NO(+), K(+) and Fe(+). (Modified author abstract).
Author: R. S. Narcisi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : D region
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Author: Rocco S. Narcisi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cations
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
Positive ion composition measurements in the D and E regions were performed on three rocket flights during the 1966 solar eclipse program conducted at Cassino, Brazil. The E region results showed that, at totality, NO+ and O2+ decreased in density while the ratio NO+/O2 increased. Long-lived meteoric ions appeared to be unaffected during the short period of the eclipse. A submerged layer of meteoric ions became prominent at totality when the molecular ion densities were smallest and produced a sporadic E layer. The D region results indicated that the decay in the water cluster ions at totality was probably less than a factor of four in the vicinity of 80 km. This work represents part of a continuing Air Force program to study lower ionospheric processes which affect communications. (Author).
Author: R. S. Narcisi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : D region
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
Author: R. Narcisi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ionosphere
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
Two multi-instrumented Terrier Malemute rockets including ion mass spectrometers were launched from Kwajalein on the nights of 17 and 23 July 1979 during equatorial Spread F events. Detailed ionospheric structure and composition measurements were made between about 100 and 590 km. The first flight penetrated six areas of 'bite-outs' spread over the range 265 to 560 km on upleg as well as several more depletions on downleg. The strongest irregularities, up to 90 percent depletion, occurred at the altitudes of 265 to 285 km just above the F region ledge at 250 km. There was no evidence of enhanced bottomside tracer ions (NO(+), O2(+) or meteoric ions) in any of the holes, which were composed mostly of O(+) and smaller amounts of N(+). From the composition signatures, the source of the bubbles appeared to be near the F region ledge. Within the higher altitude holes, the N(+)/O(+) ratios were smaller than the adjacent ionosphere ratios, indicating not only that the source regions were near the ledge, but also that the bubbles had initiated earlier when the ledge was at higher altitudes. While O(+) and N(+) exhibited strong fluctuations, NO(+) and O2(+) had fairly smooth profiles with scale heights similar to N2 and O2 respectively, demonstrating steady-state conditions and a stable neutral atmosphere with an exospheric temperature of about 1100K. This suggests that neutral atmospheric turbulence is not a major source of the ionospheric irregularities. Time periods for ion-chemical processes to achieve the observed composition are discussed in terms of bubble formation times and rise velocities.
Author: Walter Köhnlein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ionosphere
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: R. S. Narcisi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere, Upper
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Positive ion composition measurements obtained with rocket-borne mass spectrometers in the lower ionosphere are presented. The current situation regarding the water cluster ions in the D region is considered. Evidence is given in favor of an ambient instead of a contamination origin for the water cluster ions, although the exact processes for the formation of these ions in the atmosphere are still not definitely established. A theory is discussed whereby water cluster ions may be created through the ionization of small water conglomerates, which are assumed both to be present in the mesosphere and to have very low ionization thresholds. (Author).
Author: A. Danilov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468417460
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
I was very happy to learn that Plenum Press has decided to publish an English edition of Chemistry of the Ionosphere. Although the book was largely intended for the Soviet reader in order to fill some gaps in Russian-language reviews on aeronomic problems, I hope that it may be useful to foreign specialists engaged in iono spheric research as well. Naturally, during the time which has elapsed since the preparation of the Russian edition new studies have been published in the world literature on the problems dealt with in this book. The most important of these are noted in the ap pendix to this edition, but some problems (for example, with respect to the physics of negative ions in the lower ionosphere) require a radical reexamination, which cannot be done in a brief appendix. I will be pleased if publication of the book in English will as sist in removing some of the currently existing ambiguities in basic problems of upper atmosphere chemistry. A. D. Danilov Preface to the Russian Edition 1 In the last decade surprising successes have been achieved in the study of the earth's upper atmosphere by use of rockets and artificial satellites. These investigations have made it clear that the upper atmosphere (and particularly the ionospheric region at altitudes 100-1000 km) is a considerably more complex formation than could be visualized prior to the advent of active studies with space vehicles.
Author: Christopher Sherman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cations
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
Measurements of the voltage-current ion-collection characteristics of a rocket-borne quadrupole mass spectrometer are reported and compared with those previously obtained by means of numerical calculation.
Author: R. S. NARCISI
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : D region
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
A quadrupole mass spectrometer system employing a liquid nitrogen chilled zeolite pump has recently been developed for sampling positive ions at altitudes above 50 kilometers. This system was flown successfully on a Nike-Cajun rocket on 31 October 1963, and has provided the first positive ion composition measurements in the D-region. For simultaneous environmental measurements of ion and electron densities, two spherical electrostatic analyzers were included in the rocket payload. Supplemental information on ionospheric conditions was provided by a ground-based ionosonde. Due to the high sensitivity of the system approximately twenty (20) positive ion peaks were detected in the mass range 10 to 45 amu within the altitude range of 64 to 112 km. The predominant ions detected within the D-region (64 to 82 km) were 18(+), 30(+) and (37=1)(+), with 32(+) rapidly rising above 75 km approaching the abundance of 30(+) at 83 km. At 82.5 km a sharp transition occurred in the spectra, characterized by the rapid disappearance of 18(+) and 37(+) and instantaneous appearance of six (6) new ion peaks. Five (5) of these ion peaks are suggested to be the metallic ions of sodium (23(+)), magnesium (24(+), 25(+), 26(+)) and calcium (40(+)). The metallic ions all exhibited an identical altitude profile, a ten (10) km-wide peak with a maximum at 95 km, a minimum at 105 km, and then continuously increasing until apogee at 112 km.
