Author: Dietmar Hornung
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642517188
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
In the 1990s, growth theory has incorporated imperfect competition in its investigations. This innovation has proven to be seminal: Cleviating from growth models with perfect competition, the new framework featured forward looking entrepreneurs. Firms maximize profits intertemporarily, i. e. their in vestment leads to instantaneous sunk costs and offers flows of future profits. Firms finance this investment by launching shares. The capital market is per fectly competitive, implying that the return on a share is equal to the return on a bond. As opposed to the capital market, the goods market is imperfectly competitive. As a result of investment, firms enjoy market power. That is, firms may acquire the capability to provide a product that is differentiated in, e. g. , styling, technology, accessibility, or reputation. The launch of a dif ferentiated product allows to capture a market niche, and successful firms may price above marginal cost. The resulting profit flows are channelled to the firms' shareholders. The introduction of monopolistic competition into growth theory is valuable: real world economies may be portrayed rather by such an imperfect competition framework than by a perfect competition approach. Starting with Romer (1990), in growth theory, modeling of imperfect competition has been notoriously bound to a focus on the impact of research and development (R&D) on economic growth. In the existing literature, growth-affecting investment is restricted to R&D investment.
Author: Ross Levine
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 6101919153
Category : Aumentoa de la produccion
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Author: Dietmar Hornung
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
In the 1990s, growth theory has incorporated imperfect competition in its investigations. This innovation has proven to be seminal: Cleviating from growth models with perfect competition, the new framework featured forward looking entrepreneurs. Firms maximize profits intertemporarily, i. e. their in vestment leads to instantaneous sunk costs and offers flows of future profits. Firms finance this investment by launching shares. The capital market is per fectly competitive, implying that the return on a share is equal to the return on a bond. As opposed to the capital market, the goods market is imperfectly competitive. As a result of investment, firms enjoy market power. That is, firms may acquire the capability to provide a product that is differentiated in, e. g. , styling, technology, accessibility, or reputation. The launch of a dif ferentiated product allows to capture a market niche, and successful firms may price above marginal cost. The resulting profit flows are channelled to the firms' shareholders. The introduction of monopolistic competition into growth theory is valuable: real world economies may be portrayed rather by such an imperfect competition framework than by a perfect competition approach. Starting with Romer (1990), in growth theory, modeling of imperfect competition has been notoriously bound to a focus on the impact of research and development (R&D) on economic growth. In the existing literature, growth-affecting investment is restricted to R&D investment.
Author: Dora L. Costa
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226116344
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
The conditions for sustainable growth and development are among the most debated topics in economics, and the consensus is that institutions matter greatly in explaining why some economies are more successful than others over time. This book explores the relationship between economic conditions, growth, and inequality.
Author: Steven Durlauf
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642612113
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
One of the most enduring questions in economics involves how a nation could accelerate the pace of its economic development. One of the most enduring answers to this question is to promote exports -either because doing so directly influences development via encouraging production of goods for export, or because export promotion permits accumulation of foreign exchange which permits importation of high-quality goods and services, which can in turn be used to expand the nation's production possibilities. In either case, growth is said to be export-led; the latter case is the so-called "two-gap" hypothesis (McKinnon, 1964; Findlay, 1973). The early work on export-led growth consisted of static cross-country com parisons (Michaely, 1977; Balassa, 1978; Tyler, 1981; Kormendi and Meguire, 1985). These studies generally concluded that there is strong evidence in favour of export-led growth because export growth and income growth are highly correlated. However, Kravis pointed out in 1970 that the question is an essen tially dynamic one: as he put it, are exports the handmaiden or the engine of growth? To make this determination one needs to look at time series to see whether or not exports are driving income. This approach has been taken in a number of papers (Jung and Marshall, 1985; Chow, 1987; Serletis, 1992; Kunst and Marin, 1989; Marin, 1992; Afxentiou and Serletis, 1991), designed to assess whether or not individual countries exhibit statistically significant evidence of export-led growth using Granger causality tests.
Author: Ross Levine
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
March 1996 Is there a strong empirical association between stock market development and long-term economic growth? Cross-country regressions suggest that there is a positive and robust association. Levine and Zervos empirically evaluate the relationship between stock market development and long-term growth. The data suggest that stock market development is positively associated with economic growth. Moreover, instrumental variables procedures indicate a strong connection between the predetermined component of stock market development and economic growth in the long run. While cross-country regressions imply a strong link between stock market development and economic growth, the results should be viewed as suggestive partial correlations that stimulate additional research rather than as conclusive findings. Much work remains to be done to shed light on the relationship between stock market development and economic growth. Careful case studies might help identify causal relationships and further research could be done on the time-series property of such relationships. Research should also be done to identify policies that facilitate the development of sound securities markets. This paper -- a product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Division, Policy Research Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to study the relationship between financial systems and economic growth. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Stock Market Development and Financial Intermediary Growth2 (RPO 679-53).
Author: Mr.Andrew M. Warner
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498378277
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
This paper looks at the empirical record whether big infrastructure and public capital drives have succeeded in accelerating economic growth in low-income countries. It looks at big long-lasting drives in public capital spending, as these were arguably clear and exogenous policy decisions. On average the evidence shows only a weak positive association between investment spending and growth and only in the same year, as lagged impacts are not significant. Furthermore, there is little evidence of long term positive impacts. Some individual countries may be exceptions to this general result, as for example Ethiopia in recent years, as high public investment has coincided with high GDP growth, but it is probably too early to draw definitive conclusions. The fact that the positive association is largely instantaneous argues for the importance of either reverse causality, as capital spending tends to be cut in slumps and increased in booms, or Keynesian demand effects, as spending boosts output in the short run. It argues against the importance of long term productivity effects, as these are triggered by the completed investments (which take several years) and not by the mere spending on the investments. In fact a slump in growth rather than a boom has followed many public capital drives of the past. Case studies indicate that public investment drives tend eventually to be financed by borrowing and have been plagued by poor analytics at the time investment projects were chosen, incentive problems and interest-group-infested investment choices. These observations suggest that the current public investment drives will be more likely to succeed if governments do not behave as in the past, and instead take analytical issues seriously and safeguard their decision process against interests that distort public investment decisions.
Author: Chip Dickson
Publisher: FT Press
ISBN: 013248126X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 331
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Book Description
In the past decade, the United States experienced two periods of excessive growth periods followed by two massive collapses: the technology and housing bubbles. Both were caused by illusions of growth and wealth creation: They were built on thin air. As an investor, how can you distinguish between “fake” wealth and the real thing? Where can you earn solid returns without falling victim to bubbles? Read The Great Deleveraging and find out. Former Wall Street analyst, strategist and Associate Director of Equity Research Chip Dickson and leading global business scholar Oded Shenkar first identify the policies and characteristics of societies most likely to generate real economic growth and investor wealth. Next, they outline specific lessons learned about bubbles and growth from nearly a century of investment returns. Finally, they identify global markets and sectors poised for high levels of sustainable growth--and make specific investment recommendations for each of them. In the wake of massive debt creation, history’s greatest deleveraging is now underway. For many investors, the next decade will be brutal. This book’s messages are designed to achiever real profits and real wealth creation. They are meant to help you navigate a challenging environment--and, hopefully, thrive. As seen on TheStreet.com
Author: Jeremy Greenwood
Publisher: London, Ont. : Department of Economics, University of Western Ontario
ISBN:
Category : Capital investments
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Author: Jeremy J. Siegel
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
"Siegel's conclusion - that, when long-term purchasing power is considered, stocks are actually safer than bank deposits! - is now strengthened with updated research findings and information that include a thorough analysis of the "Dow 10" and other yield-based strategies that have captivated investors over the past several years; how the Baby Boom generation will change the stock market forever - knowledge that can energize your own portfolio's performance; the amazing effect of the calendar on stock market performance - and how investing at certain times of the year can enhance performance; how the newest tax laws impact your investment returns and the funding of your retirement account; analyses and performance comparisons of highly publicized market sectors such as small cap stocks, growth stocks, and the "Nifty Fifty" stocks; and how Wall Street pros use investor sentiment and Fed policy to successfully time stock purchases over the investment cycle."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
