Investigation of Mature Biofilm Populations in the Distribution of Drinking Water with Attention to Bacteria of Hygienic Relevance PDF Download
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacterial growth
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Author: Steven Lane Percival
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420041940
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
The development of biofilms and their role in public health - particularly drinking water - is often overlooked. Ideal for anyone interested in water related issues, Microbiological Aspects of Biofilms and Drinking Water presents an overview of the public health effects associated with drinking water. It highlights the microbiological aspects relat
Author: Lei Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Algal blooms
Languages : en
Pages : 185
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Book Description
The increasing occurrence and severity of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwater have continuously challenged the safe drinking water supply. During HAB, public attention mainly focuses on the cyanotoxins, which associated with health issues, while HAB also generated massive amounts of algal cells, increasing the loading of algal organic matter (AOM) in the drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). AOM is an algae-derived autochthonous natural organic matter (NOM), which contains high fraction of hydrophilic and nitrogenous compounds. Conventional treatment processes, comprised of coagulation, sedimentation, and granular media filtration, are known to be ineffective in completely removing NOM, including AOM [1, 2]. Although ozone has been widely adopted by water utilities to break down complex organic compounds and reduce DBP formation, ozonation practices can adversely increase concentrations of assimilable organic carbon (AOC), which in turn can be rapidly utilized and support biofilm growth in downstream filters and drinking water distribution systems [3, 4]. Currently, remain largely unknown for the growth of biofilms under the impacts of different NOM, including AOM in the filters and drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). Therefore, the main research goal of this study is to investigate the impacts of organic matter on microbial biofilms in engineered drinking water systems (EDWSs). Specifically, the first objective of this study aimed to examine how the assembly processes and their associated factors (e.g., influent characteristics, biological interactions) drive the temporal dynamics of bacterial communities in full-scale BAC filters, which underwent ozone implementation to better handle the adverse effects of HABs. The obtained results revealed that along with the increase of bacterial taxonomic richness and evenness, stochastic processes became more crucial to determine the bacterial community assembly in the summer and autumn after ozone implementation. Moreover, their corresponding networks possessed simple network structures with lower modularity than other seasons, which implied lesser biological interactions among bacterial populations. Among the monitored physiochemical properties of filter influents, temperature and nutrient bioavailability (i.e., AOC concentrations) as well as biological interactions can be crucial drivers that impact the balance between these two processes and the taxonomic diversity of bacterial communities in BAC filters. The second objective of this study was to examine the effects of two widely present NOM, treated AOM and humic substances (HS), on biofilm development under unchlorinated DWDS conditions. Although great efforts have been made to remove NOM in DWTPs, remaining NOM still exists in the filter effluent and subsequently enter DWDSs. This unremoved NOM can support the growth of microbial biofilms in DWDS. Thus, the impact of AOM and HS on the formation, chemical composition, and microbial community structures of biofilms was evaluated. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses revealed that the bacterial communities in biofilms were clustered with the organic matter types in bulk water, where Family Comamonadaceae was the most dominant but showed different temporal dynamics depending on the organic matter characteristics in bulk water. Higher diversity was observed in the biofilms grown in AOM-impacted bulk water (BFAOM) than biofilms grown in HS-impacted (BFHS) and R2A-impacted bulk water (BFR2A) as the biofilms matured. In addition, some taxa (e.g., Rhodobacteraceae, and Sphingomonadaceae) were enriched in BFAOM compared to BFHS and BFR2A. The biofilm image analysis results indicated that compared to BFHS, BFAOM and BFR2A had relatively thinner and heterogeneous physical structures with lower amounts of cell biomass, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and higher EPS protein/polysaccharide ratios. The third objective of this study was to elucidate how different types of organic matter, including AOM and HS, affect biomolecular compositions of biofilms and subsequent DBP formation. In order to control biofilm formation in DWDS, water utilities apply disinfectants such as chlorine or monochloramines. However, these applied disinfectants can lead to the formation of toxic DBPs due to the presence of organic-rich substances within biofilms. Therefore, the impact of organic matter composition on biomulecular composition of biofilms and their correlations with DBP formation were explored. The obtained results indicated that all biofilm samples comprised mostly of protein-like components (~90%), and to a lesser extent, humic-like components (~10%). Strong correlations were generally found between tryptophan-like substances and the studied DBP formation (R2min ≥ 0.76, P
Author: DIANE Publishing Company
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 9780788106446
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Book Description
Describes the types of organisms often present in drinking water distribution system biofilms, how biofilms are established and grow, the public health problems associated with having biofilms in the distribution system, and tools that water treatment personnel can use to help control biofilm growth. Glossary of terms, and list of additional resources. Charts, tables and photos.
Author: Steven Lane Percival
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849305900
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
The development of biofilms and their role in public health - particularly drinking water - is often overlooked. Ideal for anyone interested in water related issues, Microbiological Aspects of Biofilms and Drinking Water presents an overview of the public health effects associated with drinking water. It highlights the microbiological aspects relating to the development of biofilms. The first four chapters focus on the state of the water supply. The authors review methods for studying the epidemiological spread of waterborne infections and those used in surveillance and control of pathogenic microbes. He includes the methods used for the detection of pathogens of public health importance in drinking water. In the subsequent chapters the authors pay close attention to biofilm development within drinking water systems, underlining the public health threat. They cover the microbes important to public health and include the methods used to detect biofilms. In conclusion they review the methods involved in biofilm control - both conventional and biocidal treatments. Overall, Microbiological Aspects of Biofilms and Drinking Water provides a snapshot of public health and the water supply. It covers the future of drinking water and its associated health hazards and provides a deeper understanding of biofilms and how they provide a safe haven for pathogens and water related diseases.
Author: Anne K. Camper
Publisher: American Water Works Association
ISBN: 089867932X
Category : Biofilms
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Author: Gordon A. McFeters
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461244641
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 508
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Book Description
The microbiology of drinking water remains an important worldwide concern despite modem progress in science and engineering. Countries that are more technologically advanced have experienced a significant reduction in water borne morbidity within the last 100 years: This reduction has been achieved through the application of effective technologies for the treatment, disinfec tion, and distribution of potable water. However, morbidity resulting from the ingestion of contaminated water persists globally, and the available ep idemiological evidence (Waterborne Diseases in the United States, G. F. Craun, ed. , 1986, CRC Press) demonstrates a dramatic increase in the number of waterborne outbreaks and individual cases within the United States since the mid-1960s. In addition, it should also be noted that the incidence of water borne outbreaks of unknown etiology and those caused by "new" pathogens, such as Campylobaeter sp. , is also increasing in the United States. Although it might be debated whether these increases are real or an artifact resulting from more efficient reporting, it is clear that waterborne morbidity cannot be ignored in the industrialized world. More significantly, it represents one of the most important causes of illness within developing countries. Approxi mately one-half the world's population experiences diseases that are the direct consequence of drinking polluted water. Such illnesses are the primary cause of infant mortality in many Third World countries.
Author: Mikyeong Kim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
In order to establish the role of biofilm in rainwater tank, it was investigated the phylogenetic distribution of the bacteria present in an operating rainwater tank. Most of the bacteria were closely related to fresh water, soil, and biofilm bacteria found in natural environments. The high proportion of proteobacteria indicates the generally clean oligotrophic nature of the tank water. To better understand the environmental conditions in rainwater tanks and the development of biofilms therein, the changes in biofilm cells and the bacterial community were investigated during biofilm development. We confirmed that the biofilm development process takes place in three stages: an initial stage characterized by the colonization of different populations, an intermediate stage characterized by a limited number of dominant populations utilizing similar resources, and a late/mature stage characterized by mature biofilms of a complex spatial structure. It was investigated microbial behaviour after inoculation of the bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in pilot and full-scale rainwater tanks with different surface-to-volume (S/V) ratios. Ninety-nine percentage of the inoculated P. aeruginosa had been removed from the water phase. The faster removal rate in pilot and full-scale tank was due to its higher S/V ratio. From the results, several recommendations for tank design and management were suggested.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309103061
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 405
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Book Description
Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.
