Author: Cora Elizabeth Sarah Loucks
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), when included in corn (Zea mays)-soybean (Glycine max)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) rotations in relay cropping with winter wheat, has been shown to increase organic matter, soil tilth, yield and productivity of the rotation and to decrease soil erosion, nitrate leaching and synthetic nitrogen fertilizer requirements. In spite of these benefits, red clover inclusion into crop rotation has declined, largely due to non-uniformity of red clover stands. In Ontario, causes of heterogeneous red clover stands have not been conclusively determined although the effects of tillage and shifts in competition for light and nutrients between wheat and clover during relay cropping have been investigated. As suggested by the high year effect across those studies, variation in soil moisture during relay cropping likely has a large effect on red clover stand uniformity. We conducted a field experiment repeated over three years to test the impact of different soil moisture deficits on the establishment of clover varieties with different growth habits (single-cut and double-cut). Low soil moisture, beginning either late May or late June, under winter wheat decreased red clover stand densities and above-ground biomass. A second field experiment more specifically examined the effect of water exclusion on red clover stand uniformity over a large area under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. In 2015, low soil moisture in spring increased stand non-uniformity in non-irrigated plots. Differences between varieties in response to drought and drought tolerance mechanisms were investigated in growth room studies. The double-cut variety Belle had greater leaf area and shoot water content during mild to moderate drought conditions compared to the single-cut variety Altaswede. In contrast, Altaswede had significantly higher survival rates than Belle after moderate to severe drought stress. Differences in drought response and recovery were also observed between other single-cut and double-cut varieties. By demonstrating that red clover growth and stand uniformity can be impacted by drought mechanisms, effective strategies for the development of improved varieties through breeding or screening efforts can be identified.
Investigating Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.) Stand Survival and Uniformity when Under-seeded to Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L. Em. Thell) Under Low Soil Moisture
Author: Cora Elizabeth Sarah Loucks
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), when included in corn (Zea mays)-soybean (Glycine max)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) rotations in relay cropping with winter wheat, has been shown to increase organic matter, soil tilth, yield and productivity of the rotation and to decrease soil erosion, nitrate leaching and synthetic nitrogen fertilizer requirements. In spite of these benefits, red clover inclusion into crop rotation has declined, largely due to non-uniformity of red clover stands. In Ontario, causes of heterogeneous red clover stands have not been conclusively determined although the effects of tillage and shifts in competition for light and nutrients between wheat and clover during relay cropping have been investigated. As suggested by the high year effect across those studies, variation in soil moisture during relay cropping likely has a large effect on red clover stand uniformity. We conducted a field experiment repeated over three years to test the impact of different soil moisture deficits on the establishment of clover varieties with different growth habits (single-cut and double-cut). Low soil moisture, beginning either late May or late June, under winter wheat decreased red clover stand densities and above-ground biomass. A second field experiment more specifically examined the effect of water exclusion on red clover stand uniformity over a large area under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. In 2015, low soil moisture in spring increased stand non-uniformity in non-irrigated plots. Differences between varieties in response to drought and drought tolerance mechanisms were investigated in growth room studies. The double-cut variety Belle had greater leaf area and shoot water content during mild to moderate drought conditions compared to the single-cut variety Altaswede. In contrast, Altaswede had significantly higher survival rates than Belle after moderate to severe drought stress. Differences in drought response and recovery were also observed between other single-cut and double-cut varieties. By demonstrating that red clover growth and stand uniformity can be impacted by drought mechanisms, effective strategies for the development of improved varieties through breeding or screening efforts can be identified.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), when included in corn (Zea mays)-soybean (Glycine max)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) rotations in relay cropping with winter wheat, has been shown to increase organic matter, soil tilth, yield and productivity of the rotation and to decrease soil erosion, nitrate leaching and synthetic nitrogen fertilizer requirements. In spite of these benefits, red clover inclusion into crop rotation has declined, largely due to non-uniformity of red clover stands. In Ontario, causes of heterogeneous red clover stands have not been conclusively determined although the effects of tillage and shifts in competition for light and nutrients between wheat and clover during relay cropping have been investigated. As suggested by the high year effect across those studies, variation in soil moisture during relay cropping likely has a large effect on red clover stand uniformity. We conducted a field experiment repeated over three years to test the impact of different soil moisture deficits on the establishment of clover varieties with different growth habits (single-cut and double-cut). Low soil moisture, beginning either late May or late June, under winter wheat decreased red clover stand densities and above-ground biomass. A second field experiment more specifically examined the effect of water exclusion on red clover stand uniformity over a large area under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. In 2015, low soil moisture in spring increased stand non-uniformity in non-irrigated plots. Differences between varieties in response to drought and drought tolerance mechanisms were investigated in growth room studies. The double-cut variety Belle had greater leaf area and shoot water content during mild to moderate drought conditions compared to the single-cut variety Altaswede. In contrast, Altaswede had significantly higher survival rates than Belle after moderate to severe drought stress. Differences in drought response and recovery were also observed between other single-cut and double-cut varieties. By demonstrating that red clover growth and stand uniformity can be impacted by drought mechanisms, effective strategies for the development of improved varieties through breeding or screening efforts can be identified.
Non-uniform Stands of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.) Underseeded to Winter Wheat (Tritcum Aestivum L.)
Author: Sabrina Veiga Westra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Investigations of the Flowering Habit and Winter Survival of Red Clover, Trifolium Pratense L., During the First Year of Growth
Author: Henri Paul Therrien
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clover
Languages : en
Pages : 220
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clover
Languages : en
Pages : 220
Book Description
The Available Energy of Red Clover Hay
Author: Henry Prentiss Armsby
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 68
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 68
Book Description
Optimizing Seeding Rates in a Winter Cereal Grain and Red Clover Intercrop
Author: Brock Cameron Blaser
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240
Book Description
Growing winter cereal grains in the North Central U.S. can provide multiple benefits to the current corn (Zea mays L.)/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. Intercropping red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) with winter cereal grains can also benefit the cropping rotation by producing forage, contributing nitrogen (N) to subsequent crops, and enhancing soil quality. This cereal grain/red clover intercropping study was conducted during the 2002-03 and 2003-04 growing seasons to determine the best seeding rates for maximizing cereal grain and red clover yields by optimizing resource competition in the intercrop. In March, red clover was frost-seeded at 0, 300, 600, 900, 1200, and 1500 seeds m−2 into winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) seeded at 100, 200, 300, and 400 seeds m−2 the previous October. Cereal grain yield, grain yield components, red clover densities, red clover dry matter (DM), forage quality, and late-spring soil N03-N were measured. When examined across species and year, 300 seeds m−2 cereal grain seeding rate was optimum for grain yield and suitable for red clover establishment. Red clover plant densities at cereal grain harvest were 10 to 22% of the seeding rates. Red clover harvests in the late summer, early fall, and following spring resulted in total DM production of 6 to 8 Mg ha−1. In 2004, red clover DM crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) increased of 10 and 5% and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased 9% as cereal grain seeding rates increased from 100 to 400 seeds m−2. Forage quality also increased in both study years as red clover seeding rates decreased, but in both forage quality situations the differences were minor. In one study year, soil NO3-N concentrations were slightly greater than the no clover treatment when red clover seeding rates were>900 seeds m−2. The results suggested a winter cereal grain/red clover intercrop could be successfully established in the North Central U.S. using a winter cereal grain seeding rate of 300 seeds m−2 and red clover seeding rates between 900 to 1200 seeds m−2 with minor changes in red clover forage quality and soil NO3-N.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240
Book Description
Growing winter cereal grains in the North Central U.S. can provide multiple benefits to the current corn (Zea mays L.)/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. Intercropping red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) with winter cereal grains can also benefit the cropping rotation by producing forage, contributing nitrogen (N) to subsequent crops, and enhancing soil quality. This cereal grain/red clover intercropping study was conducted during the 2002-03 and 2003-04 growing seasons to determine the best seeding rates for maximizing cereal grain and red clover yields by optimizing resource competition in the intercrop. In March, red clover was frost-seeded at 0, 300, 600, 900, 1200, and 1500 seeds m−2 into winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) seeded at 100, 200, 300, and 400 seeds m−2 the previous October. Cereal grain yield, grain yield components, red clover densities, red clover dry matter (DM), forage quality, and late-spring soil N03-N were measured. When examined across species and year, 300 seeds m−2 cereal grain seeding rate was optimum for grain yield and suitable for red clover establishment. Red clover plant densities at cereal grain harvest were 10 to 22% of the seeding rates. Red clover harvests in the late summer, early fall, and following spring resulted in total DM production of 6 to 8 Mg ha−1. In 2004, red clover DM crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) increased of 10 and 5% and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased 9% as cereal grain seeding rates increased from 100 to 400 seeds m−2. Forage quality also increased in both study years as red clover seeding rates decreased, but in both forage quality situations the differences were minor. In one study year, soil NO3-N concentrations were slightly greater than the no clover treatment when red clover seeding rates were>900 seeds m−2. The results suggested a winter cereal grain/red clover intercrop could be successfully established in the North Central U.S. using a winter cereal grain seeding rate of 300 seeds m−2 and red clover seeding rates between 900 to 1200 seeds m−2 with minor changes in red clover forage quality and soil NO3-N.
Relation of Seedling Characteristics to Persistence in Red Clover Trifolium Pratense L. and Estimates of Heritability
Author: Donald Allen Emery
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Red clover
Languages : en
Pages : 178
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Red clover
Languages : en
Pages : 178
Book Description
Inferiority of Foreign Red Clover Seed
Author: Bascom Milton King
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 12
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 12
Book Description
The Chemical Development and Value of Red Clover ; The Russian Thistle
Author: Harry Snyder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 32
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 32
Book Description
The Effect of Date of Planting, Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Seed Yield and Seed Yield Components of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.) in the Willamette Valley
Author: Eduardo M. Echeverria
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Red clover
Languages : en
Pages : 202
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Red clover
Languages : en
Pages : 202
Book Description
Seedling Year Management of Medium Red Clover, Trifolium Pratense L.
Author: Robert John Allen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Red clover
Languages : en
Pages : 34
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Red clover
Languages : en
Pages : 34
Book Description