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Author: Marc Böhning
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Transcription of protein-coding genes by RNA polymerase (Pol) II is a highly coordinated process. In metazoan cells, transcription is regulated both at the initiation step by recruitment of the Pol II machinery as well as during early elongation by promoter-proximal pausing. Prior to transcription initiation, Pol II forms short-lived clusters near active gene promoters, but the underlying molecular basis has remained unknown. Pol II possesses a disordered C-terminal heptad repeat domain (CTD) that is essential for factor recruitment during the transcription cycle. CTD length is organism-spe...
Author: Marc Böhning
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Transcription of protein-coding genes by RNA polymerase (Pol) II is a highly coordinated process. In metazoan cells, transcription is regulated both at the initiation step by recruitment of the Pol II machinery as well as during early elongation by promoter-proximal pausing. Prior to transcription initiation, Pol II forms short-lived clusters near active gene promoters, but the underlying molecular basis has remained unknown. Pol II possesses a disordered C-terminal heptad repeat domain (CTD) that is essential for factor recruitment during the transcription cycle. CTD length is organism-spe...
Author: John C. Manteiga
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
Gene regulation underlies the control of cell identity, development, and disease. Transcription of genes is regulated by DNA elements called enhancers, which are bound by transcription factors and coactivators, leading to the recruitment of RNA polymerase II and the production of RNA. Enhancers are thought to loop to specific gene promoters to stimulate transcription, but the mechanisms that cause enhancers to selectively loop to specific gene promoters is not well understood. In this thesis, I first describe new insights into enhancer-promoter loop specificity from studies examining the mechanisms that allow tumor-specific super-enhancers to loop to the MYC oncogene in diverse cancer types (Schuijers and Manteiga et al., 2018). While conducting these studies, it was proposed that super-enhancers and the factors associated with them form liquid-liquid phase-separated condensates. Following this proposal, I contributed to collaborative studies that strongly supported this model (Boija et al., 2018; Sabari et al., 2018, see Appendix I and II of this thesis). This model of transcription led me to ask how key transcriptional components could be recruited into super-enhancer condensates. I performed studies showing that the interaction of RNA polymerase II with these condensates involves the large heptapeptide repeat of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the enzyme. Furthermore, these studies provided evidence that phosphorylation of the CTD, which is associated with the initiation to elongation transition, weakens these interactions, thus facilitating the transition of RNA polymerase II into different condensates involved in co-transcriptional splicing of the nascent transcript (Guo and Manteiga et al., 2019). These studies provide new insights into the mechanisms of enhancer-promoter interaction, roles for the RNA polymerase II CTD in the enzyme’s partitioning into nuclear condensates, and a role for phosphorylation in switching the nuclear condensate partitioning behavior of RNA polymerase II.
Author: Albert J. Courey
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444300458
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Mechanisms in Transcriptional Regulation provides a concisediscussion of the fundamental concepts in transcription and itsregulation. Covers RNA polymerases, transcriptional machinery, mechanismsof transcriptional activation, the histone code hypothesis, theepigenetic control of transcription, and combinatorial control insignaling and development Features over 80 figures available to download online Chapters include comprehensive reading lists, boxeshighlighting theoretical concepts and experimental methods andproblems designed to build and test understanding
Author: Ludovic Berthier
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191621307
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
Most of the solid materials we use in everyday life, from plastics to cosmetic gels exist under a non-crystalline, amorphous form: they are glasses. Yet, we are still seeking a fundamental explanation as to what glasses really are and to why they form. In this book, we survey the most recent theoretical and experimental research dealing with glassy physics, from molecular to colloidal glasses and granular media. Leading experts in this field present broad and original perspectives on one of the deepest mysteries of condensed matter physics, with an emphasis on the key role played by heterogeneities in the dynamics of glassiness.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080546161
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 577
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Book Description
This volume covers all aspects of embryonic stem cell differentiation, including mouse embryonic stem cells, mouse embryonic germ cells, monkey and human embryonic stem cells, and gene discovery.* Early commitment steps and generation of chimeric mice* Differentiation to mesoderm derivatives* Gene discovery by manipulation of mouse embryonic stem cells
Author: Hans Binder
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3036505768
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
In this Special Issue, we have several papers related to fuel-cell-based cogeneration systems; the management and control of fuel cell systems; the analysis, simulation, and operation of different types of fuel cells; modelling and online experimental validation; and the environment assessment of cathode materials in lithium-ion battery energy generation systems. A paper which gives a comprehensive review with technical guidelines for the design and operation of fuel cells, especially in a cogeneration system setup, which can be an important source of references for the optimal design and operation of various types of fuel cells in cogeneration systems, can also be found in this Special Issue.
Author: Gary S. Stein
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Author: B. D. Hames
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN:
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
This book gives a co-ordinated review of our present knowledge of eukaryotic RNA synthesis.
Author: Philippe Jeanteur
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540344497
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
Splicing of primary RNA transcript is a quasi-systematic step of gene expression in higher organisms. This is the first book to highlight the medical implications, i.e. diseases, caused by alternative splicing. Alternative splicing not only vastly increases protein diversity but also offers numerous opportunities for aberrant splicing events with pathological consequences. The book also outlines possible targets for therapy.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
