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Author: Andrew B. Bernard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This paper examines how country, industry and firm characteristics interact in general equilibrium to determine nations' responses to trade liberalization. When firms possess heterogeneous productivity, countries differ in relative factor abundance and industries vary in factor intensity, falling trade costs induce reallocations of resources both within and across industries and countries. These reallocations generate substantial job turnover in all sectors, spur relatively more creative destruction in comparative advantage industries than comparative disadvantage industries, and magnify ex ante comparative advantage to create additional welfare gains from trade. The relative ascendance of high-productivity firms within industries boosts aggregate productivity and drives down consumer prices. In contrast with the neoclassical model, these price declines dampen and can even reverse the real wage losses of scarce factors as countries liberalize.
Author: Andrew B. Bernard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This paper examines how country, industry and firm characteristics interact in general equilibrium to determine nations' responses to trade liberalization. When firms possess heterogeneous productivity, countries differ in relative factor abundance and industries vary in factor intensity, falling trade costs induce reallocations of resources both within and across industries and countries. These reallocations generate substantial job turnover in all sectors, spur relatively more creative destruction in comparative advantage industries than comparative disadvantage industries, and magnify ex ante comparative advantage to create additional welfare gains from trade. The relative ascendance of high-productivity firms within industries boosts aggregate productivity and drives down consumer prices. In contrast with the neoclassical model, these price declines dampen and can even reverse the real wage losses of scarce factors as countries liberalize.
Author: Joachim Wagner
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 981310970X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 549
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Book Description
This volume brings together two comprehensive survey studies of the literature on the microeconometrics of international trade. The chapters apply new empirical methods to the analysis of the links between international trade and various dimensions of firm performance such as productivity, profitability, wages, and survival. The studies also include report results for Germany, one of the leading actors on the world markets for goods and services.
Author: Elhanan Helpman
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674060784
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
Global trade is of vital interest to citizens as well as policymakers, yet it is widely misunderstood. This compact exposition of the market forces underlying international commerce addresses both of these concerned groups, as well as the needs of students and scholars. Although it contains no equations, it is almost mathematical in its elegance, precision, and power of expression. Understanding Global Trade provides a thorough explanation of what shapes the international organization of production and distribution and the resulting trade flows. It reviews the evolution of knowledge in this field from Adam Smith to today as a process of theoretical modeling, accumulation of new empirical data, and then revision of analytical frameworks in response to evidence and changing circumstances. It explains the sources of comparative advantage and how they lead countries to specialize in making products which they then sell to other countries. While foreign trade contributes to the overall welfare of a nation, it also creates winners and losers, and Helpman describes mechanisms through which trade affects a country's income distribution. The book provides a clear and original account of the revolutions in trade theory of the 1980s and the most recent decade. It shows how scholars shifted the analysis of trade flows from the sectoral level to the business-firm level, to elucidate the growing roles of multinational corporations, offshoring, and outsourcing in the international division of labor. Helpman’s explanation of the latest research findings is essential for an understanding of world affairs.
Author: Steven Brakman
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521540575
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Book Description
Conclusion: 13.
Author: Inter-American Development Bank
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1349581518
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 366
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Book Description
This volume uses the study of firm dynamics to investigate the factors preventing faster productivity growth in Latin America and the Caribbean, pushing past the limits of traditional macroeconomic analyses. Each chapter is dedicated to an examination of a different factor affecting firm productivity - innovation, ICT usage, on-the-job-training, firm age, access to credit, and international linkages - highlighting the differences in firm characteristics, behaviors, and strategies. By showcasing this remarkable heterogeneity, this collection challenges regional policymakers to look beyond one-size-fits-all solutions and create balanced policy mixes tailored to distinct firm needs. This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO license.
Author: Eddy Bekkers
Publisher: Rozenberg Publishers
ISBN: 905170903X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
The thesis is organized as follows. Chapter 2 contains a survey of the three most in‡fluential models on fi…rm heterogeneity and of the most important empirical work on firrm heterogeneity. The chapter starts with a brief review of the homogeneous productivity imperfect competition literature. Chapter 2 …finishes with a comparison of the three most in‡fluential models of fi…rm heterogeneity and the oligopoly model put forward in the thesis. Chapter 3 addresses exporting uncertainty under heterogeneous popularity. Chapter 4 contains the chapter on …firm heterogeneity under oligopoly. Chapter 5 constitutes the models on …firm heterogeneity and endogenous quality. Chapter 6 points out the within-sector specialization model. Chapter 7 addresses the effect of importer characteristics on unit values and the role of markups and quality to explain this effect. Chapter 8 concludes.
Author: Andrew B. Bernard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Commerce
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Book Description
This paper examines the response of industries and firms to changes in trade costs. Several new firm-level models of international trade with heterogeneous firms predict that industry productivity will rise as trade costs fall due to the reallocation of activity across plants within an industry. Using disaggregated U.S. import data, we create a new measure of trade costs over time and industries. As the models predict, productivity growth is faster in industries with falling trade costs. We also find evidence supporting the major hypotheses of the heterogenous-firm models. Plants in industries with falling trade costs are more likely to die or become exporters. Existing exporters increase their shipments abroad. The results do not apply equally across all sectors but are strongest for industries most likely to be producing horizontally-differentiated tradeable goods.
Author: Chin Hee Hahn
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000281264
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
This book examines driving factors and the effects of globalisation on economic development through firm and product-level data. The book is organised into four themes, i.e., productivity, innovation, wage and income gap, and within-firm reallocation of resources. The comprehensiveness and richness of firm and product-level data shed light upon the channels through which trade and investment affect firms’ competitiveness and unveil factors shaping firms’ heterogeneous responses towards globalisation. The book looks at Asian economies as well as Australia and how they have experienced substantial structural change and become more integrated into the global economy and will be a useful reference for those who are interested in learning more about the relationship between globalisation and firm performance. This book will appeal to policy makers and researchers interested in the impact of globalisation on firm performance.
Author: Murali Patibandla
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190991941
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
In the last four decades the world has been significantly impacted by globalization and rapid technological changes. This in turn had major effects on the global economy. Several developing and socialist economies that earlier followed closed door and import substitution policies started to open up their economies to world trade and investments. Some such countries, as India, managed to achieve a degree of economic prosperity over the last few years after opening up their economy. The analyses in this book show that there are significant benefits from international trade and investment to emerging economies that possess critical-level initial conditions in technology, infrastructure, and ease of doing business, and also have friendly policies. Focusing on Indian firms, the book spans the period from the pre-reform era to the post-reform era, when the market was responding to policy reforms and global market dynamics. The reforms, it argues, resulted in positive outcomes of increased outward orientation and annual growth rates. The book also comments on the economic and institutional factors that change over time, locally as well as globally, and affect the behaviour of firms and industries.
Author: Robert V. Weeks
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781594546211
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
While some may dispute that economics is the driving force behind much of history, nobody can argue that trade is not a significant factor in international relations. This book assembles a collection of articles examining some of the divisive issues in the international trade arena. It serves as a tool for understanding the economic subjects.
