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Author: Sven Blank
Publisher:
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Perfect risk sharing requires both, frictionless goods as well as frictionless asset markets. To analyze the consequences of both type of frictions for consumption risk sharing across countries, the model by Ghironi and Melitz (2005) is extended to allow for international trade in equities. The model features fixed costs of exporting as well as variables iceberg costs when shipping goods. Financial markets are incomplete, as only two assets are traded, which cannot span all the uncertainty caused by potential shock scenarios. In models with incomplete asset markets, two well known problems arise. First, the steady state portfolio allocation in a non-stochastic steady state is indeterminate since assets are perfect substitutes. And, second, as noted by Schmitt-Grohé and Uribe (2003) among others, even transitory shocks may have permanent effects on wealth. This, in turn, may lead to non-stationary responses of the endogenous variables. To deal with these issues, quadratic portfolio costs on asset holdings as in Ghironi, Lee, and Rebucci (2007) are introduced. Besides introducing frictions in asset markets, these costs help to pin down the steady state portfolio allocation and induce model stationarity. This research note gives technical details on the solution of the model. In the following section, the basic setup of the model as well as the main variables and equilibrium conditions of the model are briefly summarized. Section 3 solves for the steady state levels of the endogenous variables.
Author: Sven Blank
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Perfect risk sharing requires both, frictionless goods as well as frictionless asset markets. To analyze the consequences of both type of frictions for consumption risk sharing across countries, the model by Ghironi and Melitz (2005) is extended to allow for international trade in equities. The model features fixed costs of exporting as well as variables iceberg costs when shipping goods. Financial markets are incomplete, as only two assets are traded, which cannot span all the uncertainty caused by potential shock scenarios. In models with incomplete asset markets, two well known problems arise. First, the steady state portfolio allocation in a non-stochastic steady state is indeterminate since assets are perfect substitutes. And, second, as noted by Schmitt-Grohé and Uribe (2003) among others, even transitory shocks may have permanent effects on wealth. This, in turn, may lead to non-stationary responses of the endogenous variables. To deal with these issues, quadratic portfolio costs on asset holdings as in Ghironi, Lee, and Rebucci (2007) are introduced. Besides introducing frictions in asset markets, these costs help to pin down the steady state portfolio allocation and induce model stationarity. This research note gives technical details on the solution of the model. In the following section, the basic setup of the model as well as the main variables and equilibrium conditions of the model are briefly summarized. Section 3 solves for the steady state levels of the endogenous variables.
Author: Sven Blank
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Sven Blank
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This model analyzes the impact of monetary policy on international consumption risk sharing. To this end, the setup by Ghironi and Stebunovs (2008) is extended in two dimensions. First, to allow for international portfolio choices, cross-border trade of home and foreign equity is brought in. Second, to assign a non-trivial role to monetary policy, nominal price rigidities are introduced as in Bilbiie, Ghironi, and Melitz (2007). The model features incomplete goods as well as incomplete asset markets. Frictions in goods markets are given by variable iceberg-type costs when shipping goods. Financial markets are incomplete as the set of available assets cannot span all the uncertainty induced by potential shock scenarios. In addition, financial markets are not fully integrated as engagement in asset markets is costly. This research note gives technical details on the solution of the model. In the following section, the basic setup of the model as well as the main variables and equilibrium conditions of the model are briefly summarized. Section 3 presents the steady state.
Author: Joong Shik Kang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Author: Hande Kucuk Tuger
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This thesis contributes to the theoretical literature that analyses the link between international asset trade and international risk sharing. Despite the massive increase in cross-border asset trade since the 1990's, consumption risk sharing across countries remains limited. In standard international business cycle models, efficient risk sharing requires that consumption should be higher in the country where it is cheaper to consume, implying a high positive correlation between relative consumption and real exchange rate, which is strongly rejected in the data. Recent contributions show that it is possible to account for this so-called 'consumption-real exchange rate anomaly' in models with goods and financial market frictions where international asset trade is restricted to a single non-contingent bond. Chapter 1 analyses whether this class of models can account for the anomaly under a richer asset market structure where agents can trade in domestic and foreign currency bonds. Even such a small departure from the single bond economy implies too much risk sharing compared to the data although the number of assets that can be traded is less than the number of shocks affecting each economy. Introducing demand shocks alongside sector-specific productivity shocks can improve the performance of the model only under specific parameter and monetary policy settings. Chapter 2 extends this analysis to study the implications of international trade in equities, portfolio transaction costs and recursive utility. Chapter 3 studies the interaction between monetary policy and foreign currency positions in more detail. Different monetary policy regimes can lead to different foreign currency positions by changing the cyclical properties of the nominal ex- change rate. These external positions, in turn, affect the cross-border transmission of monetary policy shocks via a valuation channel. The way export prices are set has important implications for optimal foreign currency positions and the valuation channel when prices are sticky and financial markets are incomplete. Chapter 4 compares the international transmission of uncertainty shocks under alternative asset markets with an emphasis on the behaviour of net foreign assets, exchange rate and currency risk premium and shows that a model with restricted asset trade performs better than a model with complete financial integration in matching certain aspects of the data regarding the dynamics of these variables in response to increased macroeconomic uncertainty.
Author: George-Marios Angeletos
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437980244
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
How does financial integration impact capital accumulation, current-account dynamics, and cross-country inequality? This paper investigates this question within a two-country, general-equilibrium, incomplete-markets model that focuses on the importance of idiosyncratic entrepreneurial risk -- a risk that introduces, not only a precautionary motive for saving, but also a wedge between the interest rate and the marginal product of capital. This friction provides a simple resolution to the empirical puzzle that capital often fails to flow from the rich or slow-growing countries to the poor or fast-growing ones, and a distinct set of policy lessons regarding the intertemporal costs and benefits of capital-account liberalization. Illus. A print on demand report.
Author: Giancarlo Corsetti
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business logistics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Unlike final-goods trade, intermediate-input trade through Global Value Chains (GVCs) creates supply-side linkages across borders. We show that, even when GVCs themselves are efficient, they have welfare implications because these linkages affect countries’ ability to share risks in incomplete financial markets. This novel interaction between trade and finance arises from a distinct channel of cross-border transmission with GVCs, the marginal-cost effect. Productivity shocks, by moving relative prices, impact the marginal cost of production both at home and abroad, and therefore, in equilibrium, their relative supply. When international financial markets are incomplete, these supply-side linkages will affect household wealth in both countries, and, in turn, the degree of international risk sharing. The direction and strength of this effect varies with the trade elasticity and the degree of GVC integration, with non-monotonic effects leading to ‘fragmentation traps’ in which small increases in GVC integration reduce risk sharing, while large increases would improve it. We show that in the quantitatively relevant case, GVCs reduce cross-border misalignments, and so endogenously support international risk sharing.
Author: Gurdip Bakshi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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We develop an incomplete markets framework to synthesize domestic and foreign stochastic discount factors (SDFs) that are consistent with limited international risk sharing. The fundamental departure in our paper is that exchange rate growth need not equal the ratio of SDFs, and we develop a restriction that precludes “good deals” in international economies with incomplete markets. Our innovation is to study an incomplete markets problem that is consistent with SDFs that (i) are nonnegative, (ii) correctly price returns, and (iii) disallow “good deals.”
Author: John H. Cochrane
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
ISBN: 1933019158
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
Financial Markets and the Real Economy reviews the current academic literature on the macroeconomics of finance.
Author: Truman Packard
Publisher: Human Development Perspectives
ISBN: 9781464814273
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
"This white paper focusses on the policy interventions made to help people manage risk, uncertainty and the losses from events whose impacts are channeled primarily through the labor market. The objectives of the white paper are: to scrutinize the relevance and effects of prevailing risk-sharing policies in low- and middle-income countries; take account of how global drivers of disruption shape and diversify how people work; in light of this diversity, propose alternative risk-sharing policies, or ways to augment and improve current policies to be more relevant and responsive to peoples' needs; and map a reasonable transition path from the current to an alternative policy approach that substantially extends protection to a greater portion of working people and their families. This white paper is a contribution to the broader, global discussion of the changing nature of work and how policy can shape its implications for the wellbeing of people. We use the term risk-sharing policies broadly in reference to the set of institutions, regulations and interventions that societies put in place to help households manage shocks to their livelihoods. These policies include formal rules and structures that regulate market interactions (worker protections and other labor market institutions) that help people pool risks (social assistance and social insurance), to save and insure affordably and effectively (mandatory and incentivized individual savings and other financial instruments) and to recover from losses in the wake of livelihood shocks ('active' reemployment measures). Effective risk-sharing policies are foundational to building equity, resilience and opportunity, the strategic objectives of the World Bank's Social Protection and Jobs Global Practice. Given failures of factor markets and the market for risk in particular the rationale for policy intervention to augment the options that people have to manage shocks to their livelihoods is well-understood and accepted. By helping to prevent vulnerable people from falling into poverty --and people in the poorest households from falling deeper into poverty-- effective risk-sharing interventions dramatically reduce poverty. Households and communities with access to effective risk-sharing instruments can better maintain and continue to invest in these vital assets, first and foremost, their human capital, and in doing so can reduce the likelihood that poverty and vulnerability will be transmitted from one generation to the next. Risk-sharing policies foster enterprise and development by ensuring that people can take appropriate risks required to grasp opportunities and secure their stake in a growing economy."--
