Interactions and Persistence of the Mosquitocidal Bacteria Bacillus Sphaericus and Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Israelensis PDF Download
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Author: Katherine K. Donegan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacillus sphaericus
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
Interactions between Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), persistence of insecticidal activity in the mosquito habitat, and suitability of enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting and quantifying bacterial endotoxin in the mosquito habitat were investigated. Interactions between the two bacterial species were examined by laboratory and field bioassays with larvae of Culex pipiens. In laboratory bioassays, B. sphaericus and Bti acted independently. Antagonistic interactions occurred with combinations of a low concentration of one bacterium with a high concentration of the second, however. In field bioassays, all interactions between Bti and B. sphaericus were antagonistic. Field bioassays with C. pipiens indicated no persistence of insecticidal activity of either Bti or B. sphaericus after two treatments and persistence of only B. sphaericus after 3 and 4 treatments. Organic matter and high temperatures adversely affected the accuracy of ELISA for detecting and quantifying bacteria in the mosquito habitat and may play a major role in detoxification of bacterial endotoxin in nature.
Author: Katherine K. Donegan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacillus sphaericus
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
Interactions between Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), persistence of insecticidal activity in the mosquito habitat, and suitability of enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting and quantifying bacterial endotoxin in the mosquito habitat were investigated. Interactions between the two bacterial species were examined by laboratory and field bioassays with larvae of Culex pipiens. In laboratory bioassays, B. sphaericus and Bti acted independently. Antagonistic interactions occurred with combinations of a low concentration of one bacterium with a high concentration of the second, however. In field bioassays, all interactions between Bti and B. sphaericus were antagonistic. Field bioassays with C. pipiens indicated no persistence of insecticidal activity of either Bti or B. sphaericus after two treatments and persistence of only B. sphaericus after 3 and 4 treatments. Organic matter and high temperatures adversely affected the accuracy of ELISA for detecting and quantifying bacteria in the mosquito habitat and may play a major role in detoxification of bacterial endotoxin in nature.
Author: C. Panter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacillus sphaericus
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
Author: Huguette de Barjac
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 940115967X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Mosquitoes and black flies are a constant threat to health and comfort, yet the modern chemical pesticides used to control them have cre ated serious ecological problems. Populations of resistant mosquitoes and black flies have evolved, beneficial insects and natural predators have been destroyed, and environmental pollution has increased worldwide. Therefore, scientists have energetically sought new, environmentally safe technologies to combat mosquitoes and black flies and the diseases they carry. Among the most effective alternative means of controlling these pests are the highly spe cific microbial agents derived from Bacillus tburingiensis or Bacillus spbaericus. The microbial control of mosquitoes and black flies is a very important, rapidly developing area of science. Entomologists and microbiologists have already achieved spectacular successes using B. tburingiensis and B. spbaericus against these pests. Recent discoveries of new bacterial isolates specific to new hosts and recent genetic improvements in these isolates have created the potential for wide-scale use of these biological control agents. Efficient microbial control of mosquitoes and black flies can now be achieved, but a proper knowledge of factors relating to the safe and effective use of these biological control agents is necessary. The efficacy of B. tburingiensis and B. spbaericus is influenced by the inherent differential tol erance of the target mosquitoes or black flies, by the formulation technology and application of these agents, and by environmental factors, especially sun light and temperature.
Author: Juan A. Morales-Ramos
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123914159
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 765
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Book Description
Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms: Invertebrates and Entomopathogens is an essential reference and teaching tool for researchers in developed and developing countries working to produce "natural enemies" in biological control and integrated pest management programs. As we become aware of the negative impact of pesticides in human health and on the environment, interest is rapidly increasing in developing biological pest control alternatives. Tremendous advances have been made in beneficial organism technology, such as insect predators and parasitoids, mite predators, entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. However, developing techniques to mass produce these biological control agents is not enough if the cost of commercialization is prohibitive. Advancing mass production to the level of economic feasibility is critical, so these new technologies can compete in the open market. This book educates academic and industry researchers, and enables further development of mass production so new technologies can compete in the open market. It is also an excellent resource for those researching beneficial arthropod mass production and technologies for other uses, including for study and application in biotechnology and biomedical research. Focuses on techniques for mass production of beneficial organisms and methods of evaluation and quality assessment Organizes and presents the most advanced and current knowledge on methods to mass produce beneficial organisms in response to the increased global demand for alternatives to chemical pesticides for biological control producers Includes a team of highly respected editors and authors with broad expertise in these areas
Author: Alan N. Clements
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1845932420
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 589
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Book Description
The great importance of mosquitoes lies in their role as transmitters of pathogens and parasites, and in their use as experimental animals well suited to laboratory investigations into aspects of biochemistry, physiology and behaviour. The largest part of this latest volume of The Biology of Mosquitoes concerns interactions between mosquitoes and viruses and the transmission of arboviruses to their vertebrate hosts, while the remainder concerns symbiotic interactions between mosquitoes and bacteria. The introduction provides a timely review of the first major development in mosquito taxonomy for several decades. Further chapters describe the interactions between mosquitoes and the viruses that infect them, the transmission and epidemiology of seven very important arboviruses, and the biology of bacteria that are important control agents or of great biological interest. Like the earlier volumes, Volume 3 combines recent information with earlier important findings from field and laboratory to provide the broadest coverage available on the subject.
Author: Sushil Khetan
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824704452
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
A complete overview of the technologies and products for microbial-based pest control. It documents the use of genetically altered Bt and transgenic crops, microbial formulations, and synergistic interactions of microbials with synthetic chemicals, as well as the management of Bt foliar applications and Bt genes in transgenic crops. The book includes case studies and pathogen, products and manufacturers indices.
Author: Stanislav Trdan
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535122584
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 452
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Book Description
This book contains 20 chapters, which are divided into 5 sections. Section 1 covers different aspects of insecticide resistance of selected economically important plant insect pests, whereas section 2 includes chapters about the importance, development and insecticide resistance management in controlling malaria vectors. Section 3 is dedicated to some general questions in insecticide resistance, while the main topic of section 4 is biochemical approaches of insecticide resistance mechanisms. Section 5 covers ecologically acceptable approaches for overcoming insecticide resistance, such are the use of mycoinsecticides, and understanding the role of some plant chemical compounds, which are important in interactions between plants, their pests and biological control agents.
Author: Ann E. Hajek
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119256011
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 691
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Book Description
A rapidly growing interdisciplinary field, disease ecology merges key ideas from ecology, medicine, genetics, immunology, and epidemiology to study how hosts and pathogens interact in populations, communities, and entire ecosystems. Bringing together contributions from leading international experts on the ecology of diseases among invertebrate species, this book provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the field. Beginning with an introductory overview of general principles and methodologies, the book continues with in-depth discussions of a range of critical issues concerning invertebrate disease epidemiology, molecular biology, vectors, and pathogens. Topics covered in detail include: Methods for studying the ecology of invertebrate diseases and pathogens Invertebrate pathogen ecology and the ecology of pathogen groups Applied ecology of invertebrate pathogens Leveraging the ecology of invertebrate pathogens in microbial control Prevention and management of infectious diseases of aquatic invertebrates Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases is a necessary and long overdue addition to the world literature on this vitally important subject. This volume belongs on the reference shelves of all those involved in the environmental sciences, genetics, microbiology, marine biology, immunology, epidemiology, fisheries and wildlife science, and related disciplines.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1330
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Book Description
Author: Zach N. Adelman
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128004053
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 487
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Book Description
Genetic Control of Malaria and Dengue focuses on the knowledge, technology, regulation and ethics of using genetically modified mosquitoes to interrupt the transmission of important vector-borne diseases including Malaria. It contains coverage of the current state of knowledge of vector-borne diseases and how they are currently controlled; vaccine, drug and insecticide development; various strategies for altering the genome of mosquitoes in beneficial ways; and the regulatory, ethical and social environment concerning these strategies. For more than five decades, the prospect of using genetically-modified mosquitoes to control vector-borne disease transmission has been a purely hypothetical scenario. We simply did not have the technology or basic knowledge to be able to do it. With the explosion of field trials and potential interventions in development, Genetic Control of Malaria and Dengue provides a comprehensive overview of research in genetics, microbiology, virology, and ecology involved in the development and implementation of genetic modification programs for virus and disease control. This book is meant to provide a practical guide to researchers, regulators and the general public about how this technology actually works, how it can be improved, and what is still unknown. Includes coverage of vectorial capacity, critical to understanding vector-borne disease transmission Provides a summary of the concepts of both population suppression and population replacement Contains pivotal coverage of ethical and ecological ramifications of genetics-based control strategies
