Integration of Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis on Purification of Brackish Waters PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Integration of Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis on Purification of Brackish Waters PDF full book. Access full book title Integration of Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis on Purification of Brackish Waters by Marc Travesset Mezquita. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Marc Travesset Mezquita
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Ultrafiltration (UF), due to its reliability, robustness and stable quality of the water produced , offers technical advantages over conventional pretreatments such as sand filtration coupled with coagulation/flocculation or activated carbon. In this study, the real case of a prototype designed, commissioned and operated consisting of an advanced Ultrafiltration unit (DOWTM UF) followed by a Reverse Osmosis system (Filmtec TM Reverse Osmosis elements) is evaluated. The work presented has been obtained wihtin the framework of the UFTEC LIFE+ project financed by the European Union. The prototype, which is located in the Drinking Water Treatment Plant in Sant Joan Despí (Barcelona), treats surface brackish water from the Llobregat River. The raw water has a turbidity ranging between 1--500NTU and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) content around 50-250mg/l. The article discusses the economic optimization of the Ultrafiltration system by experimentally finding which operating conditions enable the lowest operating costs without compromising the overall capacity of the unit and the sustainability of the process. A detailed Design of Experiments has been undertaken in order to assess the impact on the final cost of water of each one of the key operational parameters, such as: operational flux, backwash frequency and sequence, chemical enhanced backwash frequency, sequence and chemicals consumption, etc.. Normalization software tools provided by DOW are used to evaluate the operational data generated by the prototype (Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis). The on-line measurements coupled with the off-line laboratory results demonstrate that the quality of the UF product is not influenced by the quality of the raw water.
Author: Marc Travesset Mezquita
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Ultrafiltration (UF), due to its reliability, robustness and stable quality of the water produced , offers technical advantages over conventional pretreatments such as sand filtration coupled with coagulation/flocculation or activated carbon. In this study, the real case of a prototype designed, commissioned and operated consisting of an advanced Ultrafiltration unit (DOWTM UF) followed by a Reverse Osmosis system (Filmtec TM Reverse Osmosis elements) is evaluated. The work presented has been obtained wihtin the framework of the UFTEC LIFE+ project financed by the European Union. The prototype, which is located in the Drinking Water Treatment Plant in Sant Joan Despí (Barcelona), treats surface brackish water from the Llobregat River. The raw water has a turbidity ranging between 1--500NTU and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) content around 50-250mg/l. The article discusses the economic optimization of the Ultrafiltration system by experimentally finding which operating conditions enable the lowest operating costs without compromising the overall capacity of the unit and the sustainability of the process. A detailed Design of Experiments has been undertaken in order to assess the impact on the final cost of water of each one of the key operational parameters, such as: operational flux, backwash frequency and sequence, chemical enhanced backwash frequency, sequence and chemicals consumption, etc.. Normalization software tools provided by DOW are used to evaluate the operational data generated by the prototype (Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis). The on-line measurements coupled with the off-line laboratory results demonstrate that the quality of the UF product is not influenced by the quality of the raw water.
Author: Larry Xingming Gao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 224
Get Book Here
Book Description
Water shortages in many areas of the world have increased the need for fresh water production through water desalination in applications such as the production of potable water, use in agricultural irrigation, and wastewater reuse. In this regard, reverse osmosis (RO) membrane desalination of both seawater and inland brackish water has emerged as the leading technology for water desalination, with a growing number of large-scale desalination plants in the planning and/or construction stages. Currently, the design of a water desalination plant is typically tailored to the specific water source in terms of meeting productivity targets and pre-treatment requirements. The standard operating procedure is to determine one optimal operating state for an RO system (e.g., overall water recovery, membrane cleaning frequency) and maintain this specific operating point for the duration of operation. However, these methods do not adequately account for the variability in feed water salinity and fouling propensity, and may result in suboptimal operation with respect to excessive energy consumption, poor RO feed pre-treatment, and degradation of RO membrane performance. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective process control approaches which can mitigate membrane fouling and reduce RO energy consumption in order to improve the robustness of the RO desalination process. In order to reduce membrane fouling, several concepts which involve improvements to RO plant pre-filtration capability (e.g., the addition of a separate, modular ultrafiltration membrane process, the use of a transient high-flux "pulse" backwash) were developed. The concept of direct integration of ultrafiltration (UF) and RO was introduced, whereby the UF filtrate is fed directly to the RO and the RO concentrate is used for UF backwash. Additionally, a control system was designed for the UF pre-treatment unit whereby membrane fouling was reduced through optimization of backwash through a combination of varying the backwash frequency and varying the coagulant dose. This approach was shown to significantly reduce membrane fouling and significantly increased operation duration before chemical cleaning was required (~900% longer). In order to reduce energy consumption of RO desalination, energy-optimal control systems featuring a novel two-layered controller architecture were developed and implemented using fundamental models of specific energy consumption (SEC) of single-stage and two-stage RO systems. The implemented control algorithms utilized extensive sensor measurements from the pilot plants (i.e., flow rate, pressure, conductivity, etc.) to determine the optimal operating set-points for the RO systems (e.g., system feed flow rate, system feed pressure, and overall system water recovery). Accordingly, the control system shifted the RO system operation to the operating conditions that resulted in the lowest energy consumption for a given feed salinity and for a given target product water productivity while accounting for system constraints. The control and design concepts developed in this dissertation were tested on two water purification systems, constructed by a team at UCLA. The two pilot plants were the Smart Integrated Membrane System - Seawater (SIMS-SW) and the Smart Integrated Membrane System - Brackish Water (SIMS-BW). Field tests of the control systems were conducted and the results successfully demonstrated the ability for the control systems presented in this dissertation to reduce membrane fouling and RO energy consumption.
Author: Angelo Basile
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118739086
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 424
Get Book Here
Book Description
The book examines the possibility of integrating different membrane unit operations (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and gas separation) in the same industrial cycle or in combination with conventional separation systems. It gives careful analysis of the technical aspects, and the possible fields of industrial development. The book reviews many original solutions in water desalination, agro-food productions and wastewater treatments, highlighting the advantages achievable in terms of product quality, compactness, rationalization and optimization of productive cycles, reduction of environmental impact and energy saving. Also included are examples of membrane reactors and their integration with a fuel cell; polymeric membranes in the integrated gasification combined cycle power plants; integrating a membrane reformer into a solar system; and potential application of membrane integrated systems in the fusion reactor fuel cycle. With detailed analysis and broad coverage, the book is divided into two sections: Bio-applications and Inorganic Applications.
Author: Abdul Wahab Mohammad
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128230568
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 698
Get Book Here
Book Description
Tackling the issue of water and wastewater treatment nowadays requires novel approaches to ensure that sustainable development can be achieved. Water and wastewater treatment should not be seen only as an end-of-pipe solution but instead the approach should be more holistic and lead to a more sustainable process. This requires the integration of various methods/processes to obtain the most optimized design. Integrated and Hybrid Process Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment discusses the state-of-the-art development in integrated and hybrid treatment processes and their applications to the treatment of a vast variety of water and wastewater sources. The approaches taken in this book are categorized as (i) resources recovery and consumption, (ii) optimal performance, (iii) physical and environmental footprints, (iv) zero liquid discharge concept and are (v) regulation-driven. Through these categories, readers will see how such an approach could benefit the water and wastewater industry. Each chapter discusses challenges and prospects of an integrated treatment process in achieving sustainable development. This book serves as a platform to provide ideas and to bridge the gap between laboratory-scale research and practical industry application. Includes comprehensive coverage on integrated and hybrid technology for water and wastewater treatment Takes a new approach in looking at how water and wastewater treatment contributes to sustainable development Provides future direction of research in sustainable water and wastewater treatment
Author: Kipp Crickard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Enrico Drioli
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843393212
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 247
Get Book Here
Book Description
Reverse osmosis is the dominant technology in water desalination. However, some critical issues remain open: improvement of water quality, enhancement of the recovery factor, reduction of the unit water cost, minimizing the brine disposal impact. This book aims to solve these problems with an innovative approach based on the integration of different membrane operations in pre-treatment and post-treatment stages. Membrane-Based Desalination: An Integrated Approach (acronym MEDINA) has been a three year project funded by the European Commission within the 6th Framework Program. The project team has developed a work programme aiming to improve the current design and operation practices of membrane systems used for water desalination, trying to solve or, at least, to decrease the critical issues of sea and brackish water desalination systems. In the book, the main results achieved in the nine Work Packages constituting the project will be described, and dismissed by the leaders of the various WPs. The following areas are explored in the book: the development of advanced analytical methods for feed water characterization, appropriate fouling indicators and prediction tools, procedures and protocols at full-scale desalination facilities; the identification of optimal seawater pre-treatment strategies by designing advanced hybrid membrane processes (submerged hollow fibre filtration/reaction, adsorption/ion exchange/ozonation) and comparison with conventional methods; the optimisation of RO membrane module configuration, cleaning strategies, reduction of scaling potential by NF; the development of strategies aiming to approach the concept of Zero Liquid Discharge (increasing the water recovery factor up to 95% by using Membrane Distillation - MD; bringing concentrates to solids by Membrane Crystallization or Wind Intensified Enhanced Evaporation) and to reduce the brine disposal environmental impact and cost; increase the sustainability of desalination process by reducing energy consumption (evaluation of MD, demonstration of a new energy recovery device for SWRO installations) and use of renewable energy (wind and solar). Colour figures (PDF, 6MB) Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/WaterdesalinationandEuropeanresearch
Author: Talbert N. Eisenberg
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483102688
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 281
Get Book Here
Book Description
Reverse Osmosis Treatment of Drinking Water discusses the use of reverse osmosis in the treatment of drinking water, as well as the applications of reverse osmosis on industrial and municipal wastewater. The book covers topics such as the general principles of reverse osmosis; the removal of inorganic wastes, organic wastes, and microorganisms by reverse osmosis; the membranes of the reverse osmosis system, and its cleaning and maintenance. The book also includes topics such as the pretreatment for reverse osmosis installations; the approval criteria of regulatory agencies for reverse osmosis installations; and future possible developments in the use of reverse osmosis treatment. The text is recommended for those in water treatments who would like to know more about the processes involved in reverse osmosis treatment.
Author: Anastasia E. Hiskia
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111892861X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 367
Get Book Here
Book Description
Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Toxigenic cyanobacteria are one of the main health risks associated with water resources. Consequently, the analysis, control, and removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins from water supplies is a high priority research area. This book presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research on water treatment methods for the removal of cyanobacteria, taste and odor compounds, and cyanotoxins. Starting with an introduction to the subject, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins offers chapters on cyanotoxins and human health, conventional physical-chemical treatment for the removal of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins, removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins by membrane processes, biological treatment for the destruction of cyanotoxins, and conventional disinfection and/or oxidation processes. Other chapters look at advanced oxidation processes, removal/destruction of taste and odour compounds, transformation products of cyanobacterial metabolites during treatment and integrated drinking water processes. Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Bridges the gap between basic knowledge of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins and practical management guidelines Includes integrated processes case studies and real-life examples Developed within the frame of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)–funded CYANOCOST A must-have resource for every water treatment plant, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins is a valuable resource for all researchers in water chemistry and engineering, environmental chemistry as well as water companies and authorities, water resource engineers and managers, environmental and public health protection organizations.
Author: Jochen Bundschuh
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1317562585
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 402
Get Book Here
Book Description
Availability of and adequate accessibility to freshwater and energy are two key technological and scientific problems of global significance. At the end of the 20th century, the deficit of water for human consumption and economic application forced us to focus on rational use of resources. Increasing the use of renewable energy sources and improving energy efficiency is a challenge for the 21st century. Geothermal energy is heat energy generated and stored in the Earth, accumulated in hydrothermal systems or in dry rocks within the Earth’s crust, in amounts which constitute the energy resources. The sustainable management of geothermal energy resources should be geared towards optimization of energy recovery, but also towards rational management of water resources since geothermal water serves both as energy carrier and also as valuable raw material. Geothermal waters, depending on their hydrogeothermal characteristics, the lithology of the rocks involved, the depth at which the resources occur and the sources of water supply, may be characterized by very diverse physicochemical parameters. This factor largely determines the technology to be used in their exploitation and the way the geothermal water can be used. This book is focused on the effective use of geothermal water and renewable energy for future needs in order to promote modern, sustainable and effective management of water resources. The research field includes crucial new areas of study: • an improvement in the management of freshwater resources through the use of residual geothermal water; • a review of the technologies available in the field of geothermal water treatment for its (re)use for energetic purposes and freshwater production, and • the development of balneotherapy. The book is aimed at professionals, academics and decision makers worldwide, water sector representatives and administrators, business enterprises specializing in renewable energy management and water treatment, working in the areas of geothermal energy usage, water resources, water supply and energy planning. This book has the potential to become a standard text used by educational institutions and research & development establishments involved in the geothermal water management.
Author: Dr. Wafa Ali Saleh Suwaileh
Publisher: Ashok Yakkaldevi
ISBN: 1716374774
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 202
Get Book Here
Book Description
1.1 Background Water–stress is becoming one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. The fast growth of population, tourism, and agriculture development in the world has resulted in a great demand for access to clean water [3]. Most of the developing regions of the world are still suffering from water scarcity. The problem of water shortage is being extended to other nations of the world. The lack of access to safe drinking water poses significant problems globally. Fresh water is not available for around 1.2 billion people worldwide while around 2.6 billion may obtain limited or unsafe water. This may be the result of climate change with extreme industrial and agriculture activities. It was assumed that by 2025, two thirds of people around the world will be living in water-stressed countries [4]. Thus, the requirement of potable water to sustain human life in the world will rise from 4500 billion m3 to 6900 billion m3 by 2030 which goes beyond the accessible water resources [5]. Therefore, we need to meet and sustain these growing demands as soon as possible. A promising technology to meet the demand of fresh water is water desalination using membrane technology. A recent study reported that the daily production of desalinated water was up to 25 million m3 globally [6, 7]. Water desalination was developed to remove salts and other contaminants from seawater, brackish water and produced water to acquire drinking water [8]. Singh et al. [9] stated that since 1995 membrane filtration has been effective in removing microbiological species such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium. It has also been reported that membrane-based desalination provides 63.7% drinking water while thermal desalination method provides almost half of it, about 34.2% globally [10]. For instance, micro-filtration and ultrafiltration membranes can reject particles much smaller than 1 micron such as proteins, oil droplets, bacteria, etc. In contrast, Nano filtration and reverse osmosis can separate particles in the range of 1/100th to 1/1000th of a micrometre, such as aqueous salts, sugars, and amino acids [11]. Among the membrane desalination technologies, reverse osmosis (RO) is being actively used in most countries due to their significant properties and ease of obtaining drinking water.
