Author: Anna-leila Williams
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351388290
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 179
Book Description
The health humanities are widely understood as a way to cultivate perspective, compassion, empathy, professional identity, and self-reflection among health professional students. This innovative book links humanities themes, social science domains, and clinical practice to invite self-discovery and recognition of universal human experiences. Integrating Health Humanities, Social Science, and Clinical Care introduces critical topics that rarely receive sufficient attention in health professions education, such as cultivating resilience, witnessing suffering, overcoming unconscious bias, working with uncertainty, understanding professional and personal roles, and recognizing interdependence. The chapters encourage active engagement with a range of literary and artistic artefacts and guide the reader to question and explore the clinical skills that might be necessary to navigate clinical scenarios. Accompanied by a range of pedagogical features including writing activities, discussion prompts, and tips for leading a health humanities seminar, this unique and accessible text is suitable for those studying the health professions, on both clinical and pre-clinical pathways.
Integrating Health Humanities, Social Science, and Clinical Care
Author: Anna-leila Williams
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351388290
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 179
Book Description
The health humanities are widely understood as a way to cultivate perspective, compassion, empathy, professional identity, and self-reflection among health professional students. This innovative book links humanities themes, social science domains, and clinical practice to invite self-discovery and recognition of universal human experiences. Integrating Health Humanities, Social Science, and Clinical Care introduces critical topics that rarely receive sufficient attention in health professions education, such as cultivating resilience, witnessing suffering, overcoming unconscious bias, working with uncertainty, understanding professional and personal roles, and recognizing interdependence. The chapters encourage active engagement with a range of literary and artistic artefacts and guide the reader to question and explore the clinical skills that might be necessary to navigate clinical scenarios. Accompanied by a range of pedagogical features including writing activities, discussion prompts, and tips for leading a health humanities seminar, this unique and accessible text is suitable for those studying the health professions, on both clinical and pre-clinical pathways.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351388290
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 179
Book Description
The health humanities are widely understood as a way to cultivate perspective, compassion, empathy, professional identity, and self-reflection among health professional students. This innovative book links humanities themes, social science domains, and clinical practice to invite self-discovery and recognition of universal human experiences. Integrating Health Humanities, Social Science, and Clinical Care introduces critical topics that rarely receive sufficient attention in health professions education, such as cultivating resilience, witnessing suffering, overcoming unconscious bias, working with uncertainty, understanding professional and personal roles, and recognizing interdependence. The chapters encourage active engagement with a range of literary and artistic artefacts and guide the reader to question and explore the clinical skills that might be necessary to navigate clinical scenarios. Accompanied by a range of pedagogical features including writing activities, discussion prompts, and tips for leading a health humanities seminar, this unique and accessible text is suitable for those studying the health professions, on both clinical and pre-clinical pathways.
Integrating Health Care and Social Services for People with Serious Illness
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309488192
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 99
Book Description
A growing body of research indicates that social determinants of health have a significant impact on health care utilization and outcomes. Researchers and policymakers in the United States have spent decades exploring and discussing approaches to integrating health care and social services. While no nation has a truly integrated system, many other industrialized nations invest more heavily in social services than the United States, and are more effective in integrating these services with health care. Integrating health care and social services, such as accessible housing, meals and nutrition services, transportation, and caregiver training, is particularly important for those facing serious illness who typically encounter multiple chronic conditions, pain and other symptoms, functional dependency, frailty, and significant family caregiver needs. In an effort to better understand and facilitate discussions about the challenges and opportunities related to integrating health care and social services for people with serious illness, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a full-day public workshop on July 19, 2018 in Washington, DC. The workshop featured a broad range of experts and stakeholders including researchers, policy analysts, patient and family caregiving advocates, and representatives of federal agencies. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309488192
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 99
Book Description
A growing body of research indicates that social determinants of health have a significant impact on health care utilization and outcomes. Researchers and policymakers in the United States have spent decades exploring and discussing approaches to integrating health care and social services. While no nation has a truly integrated system, many other industrialized nations invest more heavily in social services than the United States, and are more effective in integrating these services with health care. Integrating health care and social services, such as accessible housing, meals and nutrition services, transportation, and caregiver training, is particularly important for those facing serious illness who typically encounter multiple chronic conditions, pain and other symptoms, functional dependency, frailty, and significant family caregiver needs. In an effort to better understand and facilitate discussions about the challenges and opportunities related to integrating health care and social services for people with serious illness, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a full-day public workshop on July 19, 2018 in Washington, DC. The workshop featured a broad range of experts and stakeholders including researchers, policy analysts, patient and family caregiving advocates, and representatives of federal agencies. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Thinking Touch in Partnering and Contact Improvisation
Author: Malaika Sarco-Thomas
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 152755936X
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 305
Book Description
What happens when artists take touch as a starting point for embodied research? This collection of essays offers unique insights into contact in dance, by considering the importance of touch in choreography, philosophy, scientific research, social dance, and education. The performing arts have benefitted from the growth of an ever-widening spectrum of tactile explorations since the advent of contact improvisation (CI) in 1972. Building on the research proposal CI offers, partnering forms such as tango, martial arts, and somatic therapies have helped shape the landscape of embodied practices in contemporary dance. Presenting a range of practitioner and scholarly perspectives relevant to undergraduate students and researchers alike, this volume considers the significance of touch in the development of 21st century pedagogy, art-making, and performance philosophy.
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 152755936X
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 305
Book Description
What happens when artists take touch as a starting point for embodied research? This collection of essays offers unique insights into contact in dance, by considering the importance of touch in choreography, philosophy, scientific research, social dance, and education. The performing arts have benefitted from the growth of an ever-widening spectrum of tactile explorations since the advent of contact improvisation (CI) in 1972. Building on the research proposal CI offers, partnering forms such as tango, martial arts, and somatic therapies have helped shape the landscape of embodied practices in contemporary dance. Presenting a range of practitioner and scholarly perspectives relevant to undergraduate students and researchers alike, this volume considers the significance of touch in the development of 21st century pedagogy, art-making, and performance philosophy.
The Integration of the Humanities and Arts with Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Higher Education
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309470641
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 283
Book Description
In the United States, broad study in an array of different disciplines â€"arts, humanities, science, mathematics, engineeringâ€" as well as an in-depth study within a special area of interest, have been defining characteristics of a higher education. But over time, in-depth study in a major discipline has come to dominate the curricula at many institutions. This evolution of the curriculum has been driven, in part, by increasing specialization in the academic disciplines. There is little doubt that disciplinary specialization has helped produce many of the achievement of the past century. Researchers in all academic disciplines have been able to delve more deeply into their areas of expertise, grappling with ever more specialized and fundamental problems. Yet today, many leaders, scholars, parents, and students are asking whether higher education has moved too far from its integrative tradition towards an approach heavily rooted in disciplinary "silos". These "silos" represent what many see as an artificial separation of academic disciplines. This study reflects a growing concern that the approach to higher education that favors disciplinary specialization is poorly calibrated to the challenges and opportunities of our time. The Integration of the Humanities and Arts with Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Higher Education examines the evidence behind the assertion that educational programs that mutually integrate learning experiences in the humanities and arts with science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) lead to improved educational and career outcomes for undergraduate and graduate students. It explores evidence regarding the value of integrating more STEMM curricula and labs into the academic programs of students majoring in the humanities and arts and evidence regarding the value of integrating curricula and experiences in the arts and humanities into college and university STEMM education programs.
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309470641
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 283
Book Description
In the United States, broad study in an array of different disciplines â€"arts, humanities, science, mathematics, engineeringâ€" as well as an in-depth study within a special area of interest, have been defining characteristics of a higher education. But over time, in-depth study in a major discipline has come to dominate the curricula at many institutions. This evolution of the curriculum has been driven, in part, by increasing specialization in the academic disciplines. There is little doubt that disciplinary specialization has helped produce many of the achievement of the past century. Researchers in all academic disciplines have been able to delve more deeply into their areas of expertise, grappling with ever more specialized and fundamental problems. Yet today, many leaders, scholars, parents, and students are asking whether higher education has moved too far from its integrative tradition towards an approach heavily rooted in disciplinary "silos". These "silos" represent what many see as an artificial separation of academic disciplines. This study reflects a growing concern that the approach to higher education that favors disciplinary specialization is poorly calibrated to the challenges and opportunities of our time. The Integration of the Humanities and Arts with Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Higher Education examines the evidence behind the assertion that educational programs that mutually integrate learning experiences in the humanities and arts with science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) lead to improved educational and career outcomes for undergraduate and graduate students. It explores evidence regarding the value of integrating more STEMM curricula and labs into the academic programs of students majoring in the humanities and arts and evidence regarding the value of integrating curricula and experiences in the arts and humanities into college and university STEMM education programs.
Interprofessional Education and Medical Libraries
Author: Mary E. Edwards
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1442263903
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 222
Book Description
This book describes the variety of interprofessional education (IPE) programs in both didactic and clinical settings, and how librarians are partnering to further the success of these programs and expand the notion of “interprofessional” beyond the typical health professions. Chapters describe library involvement in planning, development, design, and evaluation of their institutions in the education of a variety of healthcare professionals on teamwork in healthcare, also known as interprofessional care (IPC) in an interprofessional, team-based setting. IPE focuses on topics including understanding the training and roles of various health professionals (physicians, nurses, pharmacists, social workers, mental health practitioners, etc.), the importance of teamwork, working in healthcare teams, the role of patient safety and healthcare teams, and other areas related to an interprofessional approach to health care. To prepare future health care professionals for work in a clinical setting that increasingly features IPC and to fulfill accreditation requirements, medical and health colleges across the nation have created IPE programs. Just as librarians are involved with other aspects of the education of our students, librarians are involved with IPE. Descriptions and evaluations of this work is being presented at professional conferences, but this is the first book to cover the topic. Interprofessional Education and Medical Libraries: Partnering for Success from the prestigious Medical Library Association provides a brief introduction to IPE and features descriptions of how librarians are involved with IPE at their institutions, paying particular attention to librarians’ roles in the planning, design, development, and evaluation of their institutions’ IPE programs. While several chapters focus on the role of the medical librarian in IPE programs, to broaden the potential audience and impact, the book includes other perspectives of IPE. Highlights include content on topics ranging from foundational concepts (history of IPE programs, theoretical and pedagogical foundations of IPE, accreditation, assessment) to case studies from high profile IPE programs and specific examples from practice. IPE programs in both didactic (non-clinical) and the clinical setting are included.
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1442263903
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 222
Book Description
This book describes the variety of interprofessional education (IPE) programs in both didactic and clinical settings, and how librarians are partnering to further the success of these programs and expand the notion of “interprofessional” beyond the typical health professions. Chapters describe library involvement in planning, development, design, and evaluation of their institutions in the education of a variety of healthcare professionals on teamwork in healthcare, also known as interprofessional care (IPC) in an interprofessional, team-based setting. IPE focuses on topics including understanding the training and roles of various health professionals (physicians, nurses, pharmacists, social workers, mental health practitioners, etc.), the importance of teamwork, working in healthcare teams, the role of patient safety and healthcare teams, and other areas related to an interprofessional approach to health care. To prepare future health care professionals for work in a clinical setting that increasingly features IPC and to fulfill accreditation requirements, medical and health colleges across the nation have created IPE programs. Just as librarians are involved with other aspects of the education of our students, librarians are involved with IPE. Descriptions and evaluations of this work is being presented at professional conferences, but this is the first book to cover the topic. Interprofessional Education and Medical Libraries: Partnering for Success from the prestigious Medical Library Association provides a brief introduction to IPE and features descriptions of how librarians are involved with IPE at their institutions, paying particular attention to librarians’ roles in the planning, design, development, and evaluation of their institutions’ IPE programs. While several chapters focus on the role of the medical librarian in IPE programs, to broaden the potential audience and impact, the book includes other perspectives of IPE. Highlights include content on topics ranging from foundational concepts (history of IPE programs, theoretical and pedagogical foundations of IPE, accreditation, assessment) to case studies from high profile IPE programs and specific examples from practice. IPE programs in both didactic (non-clinical) and the clinical setting are included.
Medical Humanities and Medical Education
Author: Alan Bleakley
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317676254
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 277
Book Description
The field of the medical humanities is developing rapidly, however, there has also been parallel concern from sceptics that the value of medical humanities educational interventions should be open to scrutiny and evidence. Just what is the impact of medical humanities provision upon the education of medical students? In an era of limited resources, is such provision worth the investment? This innovative text addresses these pressing questions, describes the contemporary territory comprising the medical humanities in medical education, and explains how this field may be developed as a key medical education component for the future. Bleakley, a driving force of the international movement to establish the medical humanities as a core and integrated provision in the medical curriculum, proposes a model that requires collaboration between patients, artists, humanities scholars, doctors and other health professionals, in developing medical students’ sensibility (clinical acumen based on close noticing) and sensitivity (ethical, professional and humane practice). In particular, this text focuses upon how medical humanities input into the curriculum can help to shape the identities of medical students as future doctors who are humane, caring, expressive and creative – whose work will be technically sound but considerably enhanced by their abilities to communicate well with patients and colleagues, to empathise, to be adaptive and innovative, and to act as ‘medical citizens’ in shaping a future medical culture as a model democracy where social justice is a key aspect of medicine. Making sense of the new wave of medical humanities in medical education scholarship that calls for a ‘critical medical humanities’, Medical Humanities and Medical Education incorporates a range of case studies and illustrative and practical examples to aid integrating medical humanities into the medical curriculum. It will be important reading for medical educators and others working with the medical education community, and all those interested in the medical humanities.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317676254
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 277
Book Description
The field of the medical humanities is developing rapidly, however, there has also been parallel concern from sceptics that the value of medical humanities educational interventions should be open to scrutiny and evidence. Just what is the impact of medical humanities provision upon the education of medical students? In an era of limited resources, is such provision worth the investment? This innovative text addresses these pressing questions, describes the contemporary territory comprising the medical humanities in medical education, and explains how this field may be developed as a key medical education component for the future. Bleakley, a driving force of the international movement to establish the medical humanities as a core and integrated provision in the medical curriculum, proposes a model that requires collaboration between patients, artists, humanities scholars, doctors and other health professionals, in developing medical students’ sensibility (clinical acumen based on close noticing) and sensitivity (ethical, professional and humane practice). In particular, this text focuses upon how medical humanities input into the curriculum can help to shape the identities of medical students as future doctors who are humane, caring, expressive and creative – whose work will be technically sound but considerably enhanced by their abilities to communicate well with patients and colleagues, to empathise, to be adaptive and innovative, and to act as ‘medical citizens’ in shaping a future medical culture as a model democracy where social justice is a key aspect of medicine. Making sense of the new wave of medical humanities in medical education scholarship that calls for a ‘critical medical humanities’, Medical Humanities and Medical Education incorporates a range of case studies and illustrative and practical examples to aid integrating medical humanities into the medical curriculum. It will be important reading for medical educators and others working with the medical education community, and all those interested in the medical humanities.
Research Methods in Health Humanities
Author: Craig M. Klugman
Publisher:
ISBN: 0190918519
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 361
Book Description
Research Methods in Health Humanities surveys the diverse and unique research methods used by scholars in the growing, transdisciplinary field of health humanities. Appropriate for advanced undergraduates, but rich enough to engage more seasoned students and scholars, this volume is an essential teaching and reference tool for health humanities teachers and scholars. Health humanities is a field committed to social justice and to applying expertise to real world concerns, creating research that translates to participants and communities in meaningful and useful ways. The chapters in this field-defining volume reflect these values by examining the human aspects of health and health care that are critical, reflective, textual, contextual, qualitative, and quantitative. Divided into four sections, the volume demonstrates how to conduct research on texts, contexts, people, and programs. Readers will find research methods from traditional disciplines adapted to health humanities work, such as close reading of diverse texts, archival research, ethnography, interviews, and surveys. The book also features transdisciplinary methods unique to the health humanities, such as health and social justice studies, digital health humanities, and community dialogues. Each chapter provides learning objectives, step-by-step instructions, resources, and exercises, with illustrations of the method provided by the authors' own research. An invaluable tool in learning, curricular development, and research design, this volume provides a grounding in the traditions of the humanities, fine arts, and social sciences for students considering health care careers, but also provides useful tools of inquiry for everyone, as we are all future patients and future caregivers of a loved one.
Publisher:
ISBN: 0190918519
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 361
Book Description
Research Methods in Health Humanities surveys the diverse and unique research methods used by scholars in the growing, transdisciplinary field of health humanities. Appropriate for advanced undergraduates, but rich enough to engage more seasoned students and scholars, this volume is an essential teaching and reference tool for health humanities teachers and scholars. Health humanities is a field committed to social justice and to applying expertise to real world concerns, creating research that translates to participants and communities in meaningful and useful ways. The chapters in this field-defining volume reflect these values by examining the human aspects of health and health care that are critical, reflective, textual, contextual, qualitative, and quantitative. Divided into four sections, the volume demonstrates how to conduct research on texts, contexts, people, and programs. Readers will find research methods from traditional disciplines adapted to health humanities work, such as close reading of diverse texts, archival research, ethnography, interviews, and surveys. The book also features transdisciplinary methods unique to the health humanities, such as health and social justice studies, digital health humanities, and community dialogues. Each chapter provides learning objectives, step-by-step instructions, resources, and exercises, with illustrations of the method provided by the authors' own research. An invaluable tool in learning, curricular development, and research design, this volume provides a grounding in the traditions of the humanities, fine arts, and social sciences for students considering health care careers, but also provides useful tools of inquiry for everyone, as we are all future patients and future caregivers of a loved one.
Intersections in Healing
Author: Laureen P. Cantwell-Jurkovic
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1538171333
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 289
Book Description
Healthcare professionals and health science librarians need to know more than research practices and clinical knowledge to become transformational individuals and leaders in their field. Empathy and compassion; appreciation for the various social and cultural contexts of health, care, and illness; and utilizing the contributions the arts, humanities, and humanistic social sciences can add depth and dimension to their work. While librarians are not usually the healthcare professionals themselves, they serve an important role in the development of healthcare professionals through their work in educational and/or healthcare settings, helping train others in the goals of the curriculum and in lifelong learning-related habits of mind. This book offers librarians an opportunity to learn about and develop approaches to the health humanities, for their benefit and the benefit of their constituents and stakeholders, as well as for impacting the future health care professionals of our global community. In addition to foundational contents on the history of the health humanities, this book approaches the health humanities from a wealth of angles including archives and special collections, collection development, privacy, biases, empathy, skills development through writing and programming engagement, and through consideration of special populations and more. Beyond essential health humanities grounding and topical perspectives, this book shares valuable pedagogical and instructional approaches and outreach strategies for bringing librarians into conversation with campus departments, curricular pathways, instructors’ goals, and learners’ needs. These modifiable, adaptable techniques will allow readers to develop the confidence and tools they need to bring the health humanities to their institutions, and will help the perspectives and skillsets of the health humanities flourish among the next generation of health care professionals.
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1538171333
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 289
Book Description
Healthcare professionals and health science librarians need to know more than research practices and clinical knowledge to become transformational individuals and leaders in their field. Empathy and compassion; appreciation for the various social and cultural contexts of health, care, and illness; and utilizing the contributions the arts, humanities, and humanistic social sciences can add depth and dimension to their work. While librarians are not usually the healthcare professionals themselves, they serve an important role in the development of healthcare professionals through their work in educational and/or healthcare settings, helping train others in the goals of the curriculum and in lifelong learning-related habits of mind. This book offers librarians an opportunity to learn about and develop approaches to the health humanities, for their benefit and the benefit of their constituents and stakeholders, as well as for impacting the future health care professionals of our global community. In addition to foundational contents on the history of the health humanities, this book approaches the health humanities from a wealth of angles including archives and special collections, collection development, privacy, biases, empathy, skills development through writing and programming engagement, and through consideration of special populations and more. Beyond essential health humanities grounding and topical perspectives, this book shares valuable pedagogical and instructional approaches and outreach strategies for bringing librarians into conversation with campus departments, curricular pathways, instructors’ goals, and learners’ needs. These modifiable, adaptable techniques will allow readers to develop the confidence and tools they need to bring the health humanities to their institutions, and will help the perspectives and skillsets of the health humanities flourish among the next generation of health care professionals.
Teaching Health Humanities
Author: Olivia Banner
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190636912
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 531
Book Description
Teaching Health Humanities expands our understanding of the burgeoning field of health humanities and of what it aspires to be. The volume's contributors describe their different degree programs, the politics and perspectives that inform their teaching, and methods for incorporating newer digital and multimodal technologies into teaching practices. Each chapter lays out theories that guide contributors' pedagogy, describes its application to syllabus design, and includes, at the finer level, examples of lesson plans, class exercises, and/or textual analyses. Contributions also focus on pedagogies that integrate critical race, feminist, queer, disability, class, and age studies in courses, with most essays exemplifying intersectional approaches to these axes of difference and oppression. The culminating section includes chapters on teaching with digital technology, as well as descriptions of courses that bridge bioethics and music, medical humanities and podcasts, health humanities filmmaking, and visual arts in end-of-life care. By collecting scholars from a wide array of disciplinary specialties, professional ranks, and institutional affiliations, the volume offers a snapshot of the diverse ways medical/health humanities is practiced today and maps the diverse institutional locations where it is called upon to do work. It provides educators across diverse terrains myriad insights that will energize their teaching.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190636912
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 531
Book Description
Teaching Health Humanities expands our understanding of the burgeoning field of health humanities and of what it aspires to be. The volume's contributors describe their different degree programs, the politics and perspectives that inform their teaching, and methods for incorporating newer digital and multimodal technologies into teaching practices. Each chapter lays out theories that guide contributors' pedagogy, describes its application to syllabus design, and includes, at the finer level, examples of lesson plans, class exercises, and/or textual analyses. Contributions also focus on pedagogies that integrate critical race, feminist, queer, disability, class, and age studies in courses, with most essays exemplifying intersectional approaches to these axes of difference and oppression. The culminating section includes chapters on teaching with digital technology, as well as descriptions of courses that bridge bioethics and music, medical humanities and podcasts, health humanities filmmaking, and visual arts in end-of-life care. By collecting scholars from a wide array of disciplinary specialties, professional ranks, and institutional affiliations, the volume offers a snapshot of the diverse ways medical/health humanities is practiced today and maps the diverse institutional locations where it is called upon to do work. It provides educators across diverse terrains myriad insights that will energize their teaching.
Medical Humanities
Author: Thomas R. Cole
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107015626
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 463
Book Description
This textbook uses concepts and methods of the humanities to enhance understanding of medicine and health care.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107015626
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 463
Book Description
This textbook uses concepts and methods of the humanities to enhance understanding of medicine and health care.