Influence of Time Since Menopause on the Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women PDF Download
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Author: 趙庭郁
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: 趙庭郁
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Category :
Languages : en
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Author: George Lietz
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Victor R. Preedy
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789400776920
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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In the past decade there has been a major sea change in the way disease is diagnosed and investigated due to the advent of high throughput technologies, such as microarrays, lab on a chip, proteomics, genomics, lipomics, metabolomics etc. These advances have enabled the discovery of new and novel markers of disease relating to autoimmune disorders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders, sensory damage, intestinal diseases etc. In many instances these developments have gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers elucidated via traditional or conventional methods, such as histopathology or clinical biochemistry. Together with microprocessor-based data analysis, advanced statistics and bioinformatics these markers have been used to identify individuals with active disease or pathology as well as those who are refractory or have distinguishing pathologies. New analytical methods that have been used to identify markers of disease and is suggested that there may be as many as 40 different platforms. Unfortunately techniques and methods have not been readily transferable to other disease states and sometimes diagnosis still relies on single analytes rather than a cohort of markers. There is thus a demand for a comprehensive and focused evidenced-based text and scientific literature that addresses these issues. Hence the formulation of Biomarkers in Disease. The series covers a wide number of areas including for example, nutrition, cancer, endocrinology, cardiology, addictions, immunology, birth defects, genetics, and so on. The chapters are written by national or international experts and specialists.
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Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9789252001591
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Category : Soyfoods
Languages : en
Pages :
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CONTEXT: Soy products, including both protein and isoflavones, have been touted for a number of clinical benefits related to a putative estrogen-like effect. However, potential risks of chronic soy consumption are also of concern. OBJECTIVES: Systematic review to describe the range of soy products and outcomes that have been studied, to summarize the effects of soy consumption to prevent a wide variety of medical conditions in healthy adults, and to summarize adverse events related to soy consumption. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE(r), EMBASE, and the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau (CAB) databases. Additional studies were identified in bibliographies of selected reviews and by technical experts. STUDY SELECTION: English-language, prospective studies of soy products in adults, of at least 4 weeks' duration were included. We reviewed outcomes related to cardiovascular health, menopausal symptoms and reproductive health, endocrine function, tumor-related biomarkers, bone health, neurocognitive health, kidney function, and glucose metabolism. Eligibility criteria were adjusted for several outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION: Selected studies were extracted for study design, demographics, amount of soy product, soy protein, and isoflavones, control, outcomes. Based on these data, studies were graded for quality and applicability. DATA SYNTHESIS: We screened almost 4,800 abstracts and retrieved 599 full text articles, of which 178 were eligible for review. Soy supplements (including soy milk) were used in about three quarters of all the trials analyzed in this report, with soy foods used in the remainder of the trials. Most used soy protein with isoflavones, one-third used isoflavones alone, and a few used soy protein without isoflavones. Textured soy protein and soy flour were the most common soy foods investigated. Among studies with soy protein, the range of soy protein consumed daily was 14 to 154 g, with a median of 36 g per day (equivalent to over a pound of tofu daily). Among studies with soy isoflavones, the range of isoflavones consumed daily was 10 to 185 mg, with a median of 80 mg per day. These ranges were the same for all lipid profile studies. There is a large degree of heterogeneity among the studies in terms of soy products evaluated, soy protein and isoflavone doses, study durations, background diet, controls used, and study design. No study evaluated clinical cardiovascular events. Meta-analysis indicates that consumption of soy products appears to exert a small benefit on low density lipoprotein (LDL) - the summary net change was -5 (95% confidence interval [CI] -8 to -3) mg/dL - and on triglycerides - net change -8 (95% CI -11, -5) mg/dL. No significant effect was seen on high density lipoprotein (HDL) - net change +0.6 (95% CI -0.5, +1.8). Across studies, there is the possible suggestion that higher doses of soy protein are associated with greater LDL reduction among those with elevated baseline LDL, but not with HDL or triglycerides. Dose of isoflavones was not associated with effect for any lipid. Higher baseline LDL or triglycerides may also be associated with net effect for these 2 lipids; the effect of baseline HDL is unclear. In individual studies, the effect of dose and baseline was generally inconsistent. Meta-analysis of blood pressure (BP) found no effect of soy consumption. The net effect on systolic BP was -1 (95% CI -3, +1) mm Hg, and on diastolic BP -1, ( -2, +0) mm Hg. No association was found between baseline BP, soy protein or isoflavone dose and effect on BP. No significant effect of soy products was found for several markers of inflammation, vascular function, or lipid oxidation. Although the effect of soy products on menopausal symptoms are inconsistent across studies, the evidence of a benefit was stronger from the randomized trials of soy isoflavone supplements, but not of other soy products among post-menopausal women. This effect was not seen in the few studies among peri-menopausal women or those treated for breast cancer. Soy products do not appear to affect menstrual cycle length or estradiol level in pre-menopausal women, thyroid stimulating hormone, bone markers, or glucose metabolism. Small numbers of studies or inconsistency among studies precluded drawing conclusions regarding the effect of soy protein on other endocrine markers and other evaluated outcomes. For all outcomes, no soy protein or isoflavone dose-effect response or soy product type difference in effect was apparent across studies. The few studies that directly compared soy doses (generally isoflavone doses) for the most part also found no difference in effect based on dose. In general, soy products were well-tolerated, although study withdrawal due to aversion was more common in soy treatment arms than control arms. The most common adverse events reported were gastrointestinal or menstrual complaints although they were few in number. CONCLUSIONS: A wide variety of soy products and formulations have been investigated for a large number of conditions. However, a large proportion of the studies suffer from poor reporting or study design, limiting conclusions. Soy products appear to exert a small benefit on LDL and triglycerides; these effects may be of small clinical effect in individuals, although possibly large enough to have a population-wide effect. The inconsistent association between soy protein dose and effect, and the lack of association between soy isoflavone dose and effect, limit possible determination of an appropriate amount of soy product needed for lipid reduction. Soy products may reduce menopausal symptoms in post-menopausal women. The current literature does not support other effects of soy products. However, other than menopausal- and menstrual-related symptoms, no clinical outcomes were evaluated. The evidence from human studies does not suggest any worrisome adverse events beyond mild gastrointestinal intolerance. Conclusions were often limited due to small numbers of studies or heterogeneity across studies. Given the large amount of heterogeneity and inadequate reporting, particularly related to soy protein and isoflavone dose, many questions remain as to whether specific soy products in adequate doses may be of benefit in specific populations. Further, well-conducted studies are needed to clarify the effect of soy dose on lipid parameters and to determine whether soy components other than protein or isoflavones may be responsible for the lipid effects seen.
Author: Kerry Ellen Wangen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Author: Sau-Chun Tang
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781361300268
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This dissertation, "Effect of Soy Isoflavones on Breast Cancer Risk Among Pre- and Post-menopausal Women: a Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials" by Sau-chun, Tang, 鄧秀珍, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent female cancer in both developed and developing world which comprising 16% of all female cancer according to WHO GLOBOCAN 2008. The statistic from Hong Kong Cancer Registry reported that breast cancer is the third commonest cause of female death in Hong Kong. Breast cancer incidence varies remarkably among developed countries. The high dietary consumption of soy isoflavones has been hypothesized to explain the lower breast cancer incidence among women in Asian countries in observational studies, but whether soy isoflavones exert estrogenic or anti-estrogenic in breast tissue remains uncertain. Objective: This systematic review was to assess the effects of isoflavone-rich soy consumption on breast cancer risk in pre- and post-menopausal women Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for conducting and reporting randomized controlled trials were followed. Data sources: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted through searching databases: MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane Library (2002 until March 2012). Keywords for electronic searches included: [(soy OR isoflavones) AND (breast cancer OR breast neoplasms)] limited study types to human & randomized controlled studies. Study selection: RCTs of the effects of isoflavones or supplement versus placebo or control diet among pre- and post-menopausal participants who were currently free from breast cancer. Outcome measurements: serum sex hormones and IGF profile, mammographic density and menstruation cycle length Results: 15 RCTs (1527 women) compared isoflavones with placebo or control diet for study duration ranged from 2 months to 2 years. No significant effect was found on serum sex hormones, IGF profile, mammographic density or menstrual cycle length. The effect of menstrual cycle on mammographic densities was noticed. Conclusion: The results of the systematic review did not support the hypothesis that short-term isoflavones exposure has an effect on modulating breast cancer risk. The effect of menstrual cycle on mammographic densities probably reflects the effect of hormonal changes. Null results did not necessarily contradict the inverse association between soy intake and breast cancer risk from the results of epidemiologic studies. The absence of conclusive data on the effects might be attributable to the insufficient exposure duration in the RCTs. Longer duration of soy exposure and early life exposure might be a scope for future research. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4842561 Subjects: Isoflavones Breast - Cancer - Risk factors
Author: United States Public Health Service
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781410219275
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis illustrates the large burden that bone disease places on our Nation and its citizens. Like other chronic diseases that disproportionately affect the elderly, the prevalence of bone disease and fractures is projected to increase markedly as the population ages. If these predictions come true, bone disease and fractures will have a tremendous negative impact on the future well-being of Americans. But as this report makes clear, they need not come true: by working together we can change the picture of aging in America. Osteoporosis, fractures, and other chronic diseases no longer should be thought of as an inevitable part of growing old. By focusing on prevention and lifestyle changes, including physical activity and nutrition, as well as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, Americans can avoid much of the damaging impact of bone disease and other chronic diseases. This Surgeon General's Report brings together for the first time the scientific evidence related to the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of bone disease. More importantly, it provides a framework for moving forward. The report will be another effective tool in educating Americans about how they can promote bone health throughout their lives. This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis provides much needed information on bone health, an often overlooked aspect of physical health. This report follows in the tradition of previous Surgeon Generals' reports by identifying the relevant scientific data, rigorously evaluating and summarizing the evidence, and determining conclusions.
Author: Caroline J. Hollins Martin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1627033734
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 474
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Nutrition and Diet in Menopause is a single comprehensive source that will provide readers with an understanding of menopause. Holistic in its approach, this volume is divided into five sections covering psychological, endocrine and lifestyle factors, metabolism and physiology, bone and nutrition, cancer and nutrition, cardiovascular factors and dietary supplements in menopause. In-depth chapters review the potential long term consequences of menopause on the overall health of women, not only at the physical level including hot flushes (flashes) , alterations to the genitourinary system, skin changes, decreased cardiovascular functions, hypertension, headache, back pain, and constipation. Written by international leaders and trendsetters, Nutrition and Diet in Menopause is essential reading for endocrinologists, cardiologists, nutritionists and all health care professionals who are interested in women’s health.
Author: Alison Meredith Duncan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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