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Author: Maria Delgado Coelho
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513596624
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
The excessive complexity and burden of the Brazilian tax system, riddled by cumulative indirect taxes and heavy payroll contributions, have led to an accumulation of fiscal incentives aimed at reducing its burden on taxpayers and productive activities. Federal and subnational tax expenditures currently stand at over 5 percent of GDP. Rationalizing them can only be comprehensively feasible in the context of a broader sequenced tax reform, and could reduce resource misallocation and income inequality, as well as provide new revenues.
Author: Maria Delgado Coelho
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513596624
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
The excessive complexity and burden of the Brazilian tax system, riddled by cumulative indirect taxes and heavy payroll contributions, have led to an accumulation of fiscal incentives aimed at reducing its burden on taxpayers and productive activities. Federal and subnational tax expenditures currently stand at over 5 percent of GDP. Rationalizing them can only be comprehensively feasible in the context of a broader sequenced tax reform, and could reduce resource misallocation and income inequality, as well as provide new revenues.
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821358801
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
What makes Brazil so unequal? This title looks at this question and shows how inequalities weaken Brazil's economic development and what are the best policy options to reduce this inequity.
Author: Carlos Góes
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484326539
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
In this study, we document the decline in income inequality and a convergence in consumption patterns in Brazilian states in a new database constructed from micro data from the national households’ survey. We adjust the state-Gini coefficients for spatial price differences using information on households’ rental prices available in the survey. In a panel regression framework, we find that labor income growth, formalization, and schooling contributed to the decline in inequality during 2004-14, but redistributive policies, such as Bolsa Família, have also played a positive role. Going forward, it will be important to phase out untargeted subsidies, such as public spending on tertiary education, and contain growth of public sector wages, to improve budgetary efficiency and protect gains in equality.
Author: Luiz Kormann
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317602501
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 205
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Book Description
In the 1990s Brazil launched a comprehensive economic liberalization program. It lifted its trade barriers, adopted new market-oriented regulations, opened up its capital market and abandoned earlier efforts to internalize production and to build vertically integrated systems across several sectors of the economy. In spite of the visible gap that separated the top global giants from the large local enterprises, Brazilian companies seemed to be willing to join in an economic liberalization process that was bound to expose them to unprecedented levels of competition, bring about a high degree of uncertainty and, in many cases, ultimately put their own businesses at risk. Big Business and Brazil’s Economic Reforms examines the most emblematic aspect of the Brazilian economic reforms, the support from parts of the local entrepreneurial class for the opening up of the economy. It investigates the reasons why Brazil carried out these economic reforms in the 1990s, the transition process and the impact of the opening up of the economy on some of its most important sectors, such as the aerospace, auto and auto parts, food processing, oil and petrochemicals, ethanol, steel, telecoms and telecom equipment industries. This book offers an in-depth analysis of Brazil’s distinctive development paths, from the Latin American economic thinking of the early stages of its industrialization to the neo-liberal stance of the present day. It sheds new light on one of the main challenges facing all the large developing economies in their move to become more integrated into the world economy, the fostering of large enterprises, and is a great resource for students and researchers interested in global business, development economics, and Latin American economic history.
Author: Ms.Dora Benedek
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513586351
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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Book Description
This paper estimates the pass through of VAT changes to consumer prices, using a unique dataset providing disaggregated, monthly data on prices and VAT rates for 17 Eurozone countries over 1999-2013. Pass through is much less than full on average, and differs markedly across types of VAT change. For changes in the standard rate, for instance, final pass through is about 100 percent; for reduced rates it is significantly less, at around 30 percent; and for reclassifications it is essentially zero. We also find: differing dynamics of pass through for durables and non-durables; no significant difference in pass through between rate increases and decreases; signs of non-monotonicity in the relationship between pass through and the breadth of the consumption base affected; and indications of significant anticipation effects together with some evidence of lagged effects in the two years around reform. The results are robust against endogeneity and attenuation bias.
Author: Jolanta Iwin-Garzyńska
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789230985
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
Taxes are a constant part of life for every company and a constant element of economics, finance, and financial law. Any changes observed in the science and theory also apply to the importance and position of taxes in the practice of corporate finance, public finance, and economic growth. Beside this, a new meaning of taxes in the economies of countries in the world and the European Union is introduced. Taxes will always introduce risks and uncertainties in business, due to the high volatility and uncertainty of tax law. Moreover, being a category that affects the economic growth, they cause disturbances in stability and welfare of the state. Therefore, while considering the essence of taxes in a country, one should not consider this category in isolation from corporate finance and social welfare. Two things are certain in the world: death and taxes.
Author: Philip Arestis
Publisher: Palgrave MacMillan
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
This book examines a range of policy areas, such as inflation targeting, growth, public debt and fiscal policy. It contributes to the rich and ongoing debate on the economic policy reforms of the past decade in Brazil.
Author: Liz-Rejane Issberner
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1134844220
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 385
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Book Description
This book examines Brazil's position in the global ecological crisis and how social, political, ethical, scientific and economic issues affect its environmental performance.
Author: Gustavo Flores-Macias
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108474578
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 285
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Book Description
Offers a comprehensive, region-wide analysis of the politics of taxation in Latin America to make reforms politically palatable and sustainable.
Author: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 99
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Book Description
Brazil’s economy has shown remarkable resilience amid the ongoing disinflation. Economic activity has grown steadily, surpassing expectations, reflecting favorable demand and supply factors. With proactive and adequately restrictive monetary policy, headline inflation has declined to the target tolerance interval. Longstanding challenges remain, including elevated public debt and slow convergence to higher living standards. The authorities have advanced their ambitious sustainable and inclusive growth agenda, including the approval of a landmark VAT reform.
