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Author: Chung-min Hsieh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
[Truncated abstract] Knowledge of in situ stress for underground construction or excavations is important. With an input of in situ stress magnitude/orientations, one can predict the potential failure, improve the efficiency of ground support and/or provide the parameters for numerical modelling/planning to make the design cost effective. In this thesis, two rock memory-based in situ stress measurement methods, the acoustic emission method and the Deformation rate analysis method, were studied. The acoustic emission method utilizes the Kaiser effect to recover the previously applied maximum stress, which is expected to be the in situ stress. The phenomenon that Kaiser has found and the usage of the Kaiser effect for the in situ stress measurement were reviewed, and a series of tests in aluminium, agate, sandstone, ultramafic and slate samples with different conditions in the sample end was performed. The result shows that the Kaiser effect method of the in situ stress determination has severe limitations. Firstly, the asperities/irregularities/residual material at the sample ends at low stress can manifest themselves as the Kaiser effect. This 'ghost' Kaiser effect created by the sample ends is not related to the rock memory and it is an artefact of the test preparation. A thin plastic sheet (TML strain gauge) plus silicone gel can be a buffer material to reduce the noise from end. A multichannel source location system could also be able to detect the origin of signal. Secondly, the process of crack generation/growth can create sufficient change in the stress path in the following loading cycle. Because the Kaiser effect is masked by the acoustic emission associated with the damage accumulation, the acoustic emission could start much earlier than the previous maximum stress. In order to prevent the damage accumulation from imitating the Kaiser effect and misleading the analysis, one should find the stress range in which the Kaiser effect can be detected, before using the Kaiser effect as a stress measurement method...
Author: Chung-min Hsieh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
[Truncated abstract] Knowledge of in situ stress for underground construction or excavations is important. With an input of in situ stress magnitude/orientations, one can predict the potential failure, improve the efficiency of ground support and/or provide the parameters for numerical modelling/planning to make the design cost effective. In this thesis, two rock memory-based in situ stress measurement methods, the acoustic emission method and the Deformation rate analysis method, were studied. The acoustic emission method utilizes the Kaiser effect to recover the previously applied maximum stress, which is expected to be the in situ stress. The phenomenon that Kaiser has found and the usage of the Kaiser effect for the in situ stress measurement were reviewed, and a series of tests in aluminium, agate, sandstone, ultramafic and slate samples with different conditions in the sample end was performed. The result shows that the Kaiser effect method of the in situ stress determination has severe limitations. Firstly, the asperities/irregularities/residual material at the sample ends at low stress can manifest themselves as the Kaiser effect. This 'ghost' Kaiser effect created by the sample ends is not related to the rock memory and it is an artefact of the test preparation. A thin plastic sheet (TML strain gauge) plus silicone gel can be a buffer material to reduce the noise from end. A multichannel source location system could also be able to detect the origin of signal. Secondly, the process of crack generation/growth can create sufficient change in the stress path in the following loading cycle. Because the Kaiser effect is masked by the acoustic emission associated with the damage accumulation, the acoustic emission could start much earlier than the previous maximum stress. In order to prevent the damage accumulation from imitating the Kaiser effect and misleading the analysis, one should find the stress range in which the Kaiser effect can be detected, before using the Kaiser effect as a stress measurement method...
Author: Michael Tucker
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780415401630
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 580
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Book Description
With the new classification of chronic myeloproliferative disorders, and the rise of interest in molecularly targeted therapies, this timely text brings together international experts on the topic to discuss the current technologies and their implications for the treatment of patients. This title comprehensively covers chronic myeloid leukemia and Ph-negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders and is an essential resource for all practitioners in Hematologic Oncology.
Author: B. Amadei
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401153469
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 524
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Book Description
Rock masses are initially stressed in their current in situ state of stress and to a lesser natural state. Whether one is interested in the extent on the monitoring of stress change. formation of geological structures (folds, faults, The subject of paleostresses is only briefly intrusions, etc. ), the stability of artificial struc discussed. tures (tunnels, caverns, mines, surface excava The last 30 years have seen a major advance our knowledge and understanding of rock tions, etc. ), or the stability of boreholes, a in the in situ or virgin stress field, stress. A large body of data is now available on knowledge of along with other rock mass properties, is the state of stress in the near surface of the needed in order to predict the response of rock Earth's crust (upper 3-4km of the crust). masses to the disturbance associated with those Various theories have been proposed regarding structures. Stress in rock is usually described the origin of in situ stresses and how gravity, within the context of continuum mechanics. It is tectonics, erosion, lateral straining, rock fabric, defined at a point and is represented by a glaciation and deglaciation, topography, curva second-order Cartesian tensor with six compo ture of the Earth and other active geological nents. Because of its definition, rock stress is an features and processes contribute to the current enigmatic and fictitious quantity creating chal in situ stress field.
Author: E. Schempp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Bernard Amadei
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642820409
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 498
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Book Description
Any undisturbed rock mass is subject to natural stresses inclu ding gravitational stresses due to the mass of the overburden and possibly tectonic stresses due to the straining of the earth's crust and remanent stresses due to past tectonism. Knowledge of the in situ stress field must be integrated into any rock engineering design along with general rock mass characteristics such as de for mability, strength, permeability and time dependent behavior. For example, the choice of optimum orientation and shape of deep underground caverns or complex underground works will be controlled by the orientation and the magnitude of the in situ stress @ield if it is necessary to minimize stress concentration problems. Long term variation of the in situ stress field may also help to evaluate the potential hazard of earthquake occurences. The magnitude and orientation of the stress field ata point within a rock mass can be measured but there is no known method by which the state of stress at a point can be accurately determined by instruments located remotely. In general, measurements are made inside boreholes, on outcrops or on the internal surfaces of under ground cavities. Most of the measuring techniques intentionally disturb the state of stress in the rock and then measure consequent strains and displacements. Measured strains or displacements are then related to the stresses through assumptions of material behavior. A common procedure is to assume that the rock mass is linearly elastic, isotropic, continuous and homogeneous.
Author: K. Sugawara
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 100010818X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 602
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Book Description
This publication contains three special lectures, six keynote addresses and sixty-eight technical papers presented at the symposium. The wide variety of topics covered are grouped in the proceedings according to subject.
Author: John Joseph McElroy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 698
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Author: Abhinav Mishra
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781681174044
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Understanding in-situ rock stress is important in the exploration and engineering involving rock masses for mining, hydropower, tunneling, oil and gas production, and stone quarrying. Traditional methods of determining these stresses have not developed substantially to keep pace with the increasing utilization of rock masses. Contributed by a group of leading experts, this book addresses new developments in numerical modeling and advanced measuring techniques. In-Situ Rock Stress: Measurement, Interpretation and Application reflect the development in this field, covering measuring techniques, interpretation methods, and application of the in-situ stress in engineering practice. Estimate of the in-situ rock stress state can be realized by direct or indirect methods. Although the indirect method has developed rapidly in recent years, the direct field measurement is still by far dominating. Great improvements have been achieved with the 'traditional' field tests by overcoring and hydraulic fracturing, whilst the recently developed methods become matured. In addition, ideas of new methods and new instruments will make the stress estimate easier, less expensive and more reliable.
Author: Ellery Frank Schempp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Author: Ming Lu
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group
ISBN: 9780415401647
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Accompanying CD-ROM includes conference proceedings.
