Implementing Enhanced Biological Phosphorous Removal in High Strength Wastewater PDF Download
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Author: Chang Hoon Ahn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Author: Chang Hoon Ahn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Author: Cao Ye Shi
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843393816
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Book Description
Special Offer: Cao Ye Shi Author Set - Buy all three books together and save a total £76! Biological Phosphorus Removal Activated Sludge Process in Warm Climates presents the results of detailed research on the Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) activated sludge process under warm climate conditions (20oC - 30oC), which is part of the R & D program of Public Utilities Board (PUB) Singapore. The investigations and studies presented in this book are application-oriented, but at the same time the studies aim at an insightful understanding of the EBPR with the knowledge of the latest development in academic field. The focus points are: EBPR performance of laboratory-scale and full-scale activated sludge processes under the site conditions in warm climates The carbon competition and distribution between PAO and GAO (and denitrifiers) in the process The stoichiometry and kinetics of P-release, COD uptake in the anaerobic environment and P-uptake in the aerobic environment under different temperatures and operating conditions PAO and GAO population fractions, shift and dominance studies using FISH and batch tests The inter-relationships between the system performance, process design and the microbial community EBPR for industrial wastewater (high ratio of feed COD/P) treatment under warm climates. Together with the preceding book – Biological Nitrogen Removal Activated Sludge Process in Warm Climates – published by IWA in 2008, this book fills the gap of biological nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removal in warm climates and provides unique experiences and knowledge for Process and design researchers and engineers in wastewater research, students and academic staff in Civil/Sanitation/Environment Departments, as well as Managers, Engineers and Consultants in water companies and water utilities. Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/SELECTIONOFDOMESTICWASTEWATERTREATMENTSYSTEMSINWARMCLIMATEREGIONS
Author: Rogelio Ernesto Zuniga Montanez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Municipal wastewater contains a number of constituents that can have detrimental effects if discharged to receiving water bodies. Phosphorus (P) is of specific interest as a limiting nutrient in aquatic ecosystems that can cause eutrophication. In enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) store excess P intracellularly. To achieve this accumulation, the organisms are exposed consecutively to anaerobic and either aerobic or anoxic conditions. During the anaerobic phase, PAOs consume and store organic carbon with P release, followed by the aerobic/anoxic phase during which the stored carbon is oxidized and P is taken up and stored as polyphosphate. PAOs are not the only bacteria that can thrive under these cyclic conditions and they face competition from glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs). The latter have a similar metabolism but do not accumulate P. Most research to date has focused on the use of certain volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as carbon sources and on process conditions at temperatures common in temperate climates. Much remains unknown about the potential of EBPR in tropical regions and the suitability of other carbon substrates to drive the accumulation of phosphate. The purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to the understanding of EBPR at high temperatures and with unconventional carbon sources. Three different studies were designed and conducted with the following aims: (a) to evaluate the long-term EBPR stability and key microbial community in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) designed to achieve P removal in Singapore, (b) to study the process efficiency, biochemical transformations and organisms involved in a laboratory-scale EBPR reactor fed by alternating the substrates acetate and glutamate, and (c) to assess the potential of using unconventional carbon sources for EBPR by testing glutamate and glucose as alternating substrates at the laboratory-scale. The research included experiments at the full- and laboratory-scale, all at a mean temperature of 30 °C. Sustained observations in all three studies served to uncover the biochemical and microbial community dynamics. In the full-scale study, I conducted a yearlong evaluation of the EBPR activity at a WWTP that had been retrofitted to facilitate EBPR in Singapore. A mean P removal efficiency of 90 % was observed throughout the sampling period, similar to temperate climate installations and contrary to earlier reports that EBPR was not feasible at high temperatures. The main PAOs present in the reactor were Tetrasphaera, Candidatus Accumulibacter (Accumulibacter) and Dechloromonas, with mean relative abundances of 1.53, 0.43 and 0.69 %, respectively. The PAO community underwent changes during the surveyed period, with a marked transition from a Tetrasphaera-dominated community to a more even one. The link between PAOs and the P released in the anaerobic compartment was supported by a statistically significant correlation between the relative abundance of these organisms and the measured P concentrations. GAOs and PAOs coexisted without compromising the EBPR activity. In one of the laboratory-scale studies, glutamate and acetate were alternated as the carbon source for a reactor operated at 30 °C. Complete and stable P removal was achieved with a predominantly glutamate-containing feed, after modifying operating parameters commonly used in VFA-fed systems to a COD/P ratio of 40:1 mg COD/mg P and a cycle duration of 8 h. Long-term EBPR with a feed dominated by glutamate in a laboratory-scale reactor has not been previously reported. The P and carbon cycling patterns were different for glutamate and acetate. Reduced P release and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation happened when glutamate was fed, but not with acetate, where glutamate appeared to be stored as an unidentified non-PHA compound or as different compounds. The PAO Accumulibacter and the GAO Candidatus Competibacter (Competibacter) remained the only known EBPR bacteria during the period of good EBPR performance, at similar relative abundances. A canonical correlation analysis revealed that the relative abundance of some non-PAO organisms correlated more strongly with variables that denoted good EBPR activity than did the abundance of any of the known PAOs. In the last study, a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor was used to test the EBPR potential of glutamate and glucose as alternating carbon sources in a high temperature process. The recommended influent COD/P ratio and batch duration for VFA-fed systems were unsuccessful. After modifications, COD/P ratios of 20:1 and 40:1 mg COD/ mg P resulted in complete P removal, but only in the short term. The EBPR stoichiometry with these two carbon substrates differed from that of VFA-fed systems. For both, lower P and PHA cycling was observed, and intracellular carbon storage compounds that were not PHA appeared to contribute to P cycling, as shown from carbon balances. A very diverse EBPR community was present in the reactor, including Accumulibacter, Tetrasphaera and Dechloromonas PAOs, and Competibacter, Defluviicoccus, Micropruina and Kineosphaera GAOs. Most of these organisms have not been reported before in laboratory-scale EBPR reactors operated at high temperatures. The work presented in this dissertation expands the understanding of EBPR by showing that the process is possible and stable in full-scale treatment plants at high temperature, with removal efficiencies similar to those observed in temperate climates. In addition, it was shown that unconventional carbon sources, specifically, glutamate and glucose, do participate in EBPR and that complete and stable phosphorus removal can be achieved with glutamate as dominant substrate at high temperature. A core PAO and GAO community was present in the three systems, where the interactions among members were more complex than previously considered, including competition, coexistence and succession events. The results obtained from this work enhance our fundamental knowledge of EBPR as an industrial process, as well as the metabolic diversity, niches and dynamics of PAOs and GAOs. The study outcomes can inform design and operational strategies at full-scale treatment plants. Lastly, the consideration of both high temperatures and unconventional carbon sources for EBPR is expected to aid in the development of more efficient treatment processes.
Author: Clifford W. Randall
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780877629221
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 454
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Book Description
This book presents information that can be used for the design and operation of wastewater treatment plants that utilize biological nutrient removal processes, i.e., processes that utilize biological mechanisms instead of chemical mechanisms, to remove phosphorus and nitrogen from wastewaters. The book provides: basic fundamentals, concepts, and theories; design of prefermentation units, various types of BNR systems, and secondary clarifiers; retrofitting conventional activated sludge plants; modeling considerations; and special considerations for BNR systems. It includes full-scale and pilot plant case histories, design examples, and retrofit of existing plants.
Author: S. Bathe
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 9781843395096
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
Aerobic Granular Sludge has recently received growing attention by researchers and technology developers, worldwide. Laboratory studies and preliminary field tests led to the conclusion that granular activated sludge can be readily established and profitably used in activated sludge plants, provided 'correct' process conditions are chosen. But what makes process conditions 'correct'? And what makes granules different from activated sludge flocs? Answers to these question are offered in Aerobic Granular Sludge. Major topics covered in this book include: Reasons and mechanism of aerobic granule formation Structure of the microbial population of aerobic granules Role, composition and physical properties of EPS Diffuse limitation and microbial activity within granules Physio-chemical characteristics Operation and application of granule reactors Scale-up aspects of granular sludge reactors, and case studies Aerobic Granular Sludge provides up-to-date information about a rapidly emerging new technology of biological treatment.
Author: P. M. J. Janssen
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 9781843390121
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Biological phosphorus (bio-P) removal has become a reliable and well-understood process within wastewater treatment, despite being one of the most complex processes in the activated sludge process. Extended fundamental and full-scale research has been carried out into the bio-P process and the state-of-the-art is described in this report. A summarising historical overview gives insight into the establishment of the appropriate microbiological and biochemical basis of the process and the development of bio-P configurations in practice. Aspects of the bio-P process that have a direct influence on the efficiency of phosphorus removal are subjected to an in-depth investigation. This report presents guidelines for design and dimensioning in order to introduce and/or optimise the bio-P process in practice. Twelve bio-P installations are extensively described and the operational results and experiences are related to existing bio-P knowledge and guidelines. Based on a number of parameters, a comparison is made between the described bio-P plants. A steady state model is verified with extensive periods of practical experience of the plants. The bio-P model, which is provided on CD-ROM (available for download here), offers a reliable insight into the bio-P process, coupled with sensitivity analyses regarding wastewater characteristics and process parameters for the anaerobic volume and the P-ortho concentration in the final effluent. The report ends with a systematic approach to the design of the bio-P process, based on the background of the bio-P process itself, much practical experience and the analysis of operational bio-P plants. Also presented is a systematic approach to tackle operational aspects of the bio-P process in order to generate an acceptable low P effluent concentration. This optimisation of the bio-P process operation is supported by a decision diagram. Biological Phosphorus Removal will be an invaluable source of information for all those concerned with wastewater treatment, including plant managers, process designers, consultants and researchers.
Author: J. B. Neethling
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 9781843397403
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) has been used for decades to remove phosphorus from municipal wastewater because it allows facilities to meet water quality goals while minimizing chemical consumption and sludge production. However, there is still substantial variability in both the practices applied to achieve EBPR and the level of soluble phosphorus removal achieved. The objective of this research project was to develop information that can be used to help municipal wastewater treatment plants more efficiently and cost effectively remove phosphorus through EBPR processes. This project included detailed analysis of routine water quality and operating data, field testing observations, and special studies conducted over the course of the project to evaluate the variability of EBPR, factors influencing EBPR performance, and the relationship between EBPR and the presence of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs).
Author: Parnian Izadi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR), as a promising technology, has been implemented in many wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) worldwide, with high efficiency in phosphorus removal performance. In a well-operated EBPR, lower operational cost, reduced sludge production, and lower environmental impacts are achievable. Yet, with the proven capability of EBPR in efficient phosphorus removal, disturbance and periods of unexplained insufficient phosphorus removal have been detected in real WWTP in different cases due to loss of PAO biomass under presumed favorable conditions for EBPR. These complications may lead to process upset, system failure, and violation of discharge regulations. Disruption in process performance may originate from several external factors such as heavy rainfall, excessive nitrate loading to the anaerobic reactor, excessive aeration of activated sludge, or it may be a result of PAOs competition with other groups of microorganisms such as glycogen accumulating organisms (GAO). Therefore, the key in reaching low P-effluent levels is to optimize the operation and minimize the effect of inefficient factors. This Ph.D. study has focused on aeration as a crucial operational factor in the EBPR process in sequential batch reactor (SBR) systems. EBPR aerobic P-uptake, anaerobic P-release, and carbon storage of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) are closely related to oxygen mass transfer. The study is oriented to different aspects of aeration, addressing aeration concentration (dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration), aeration duration (aerobic hydraulic retention time (HRT)), and aeration pattern (continuous/intermittent). The performance of EBPR in SBRs under various aeration strategies was investigated for different DO concentrations (0.4-4 mg/L), HRT (120-320 minute), and aeration patterns of continuous and intermittent (25 to 50 minute on/off intermittent aeration/non-aeration intervals). Moreover, this study investigated the effect of reaching micro-aeration with adaptation strategies on EBPR performance. The development of steady and instant-DO reduction in different aeration strategies was studied in batch tests with enriched PAOs at different DO levels. Subsequently, comparative modeling using calibrated BioWin software was implemented for SBRs to predict the nutrient removal performance by changing DO concentration and the aerobic-HRT and understanding the effect of parameters on treatment performance to improve operation and control.
Author: D. Dochain
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 9781900222501
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
Environmental quality is becoming an increasing concern in our society. In that context, waste and wastewater treatment, and more specifically biological wastewater treatment processes play an important role. In this book, we concentrate on the mathematical modelling of these processes. The main purpose is to provide the increasing number of professionals who are using models to design, optimise and control wastewater treatment processes with the necessary background for their activities of model building, selection and calibration. The book deals specifically with dynamic models because they allow us to describe the behaviour of treatment plants under the highly dynamic conditions that we want them to operate (e.g. Sequencing Batch Reactors) or we have to operate them (e.g. storm conditions, spills). Further extension is provided to new reactor systems for which partial differential equation descriptions are necessary to account for their distributed parameter nature (e.g. settlers, fixed bed reactors). The model building exercise is introduced as a step-wise activity that, in this book, starts from mass balancing principles. In many cases, different hypotheses and their corresponding models can be proposed for a particular process. It is therefore essential to be able to select from these candidate models in an objective manner. To this end, structure characterisation methods are introduced. Important sections of the book deal with the collection of high quality data using optimal experimental design, parameter estimation techniques for calibration and the on-line use of models in state and parameter estimators. Contents Dynamical Modelling Dynamical Mass Balance Model Building and Analysis Structure Characterisation (SC) Structural Identifiability Practical Identifiability and Optimal Experiment Design for Parameter Estimation (OED/PE) Estimation of Model Parameters Recursive State and Parameter Estimation Glossary Nomenclature
Author: Francisco Javier Rubio Rincon
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351652710
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
The enhanced biological removal of phosphorus (EBPR) is a popular process due to high removal efficiency, low operational costs, and the possibility of phosphorus recovery. Nevertheless, the stability of the EBPR depends on different factors such as: temperature, pH, and the presence of toxic compounds. While extensive studies have researched the effects of temperature and pH on EBPR systems, little is known about the effects of different toxic compounds on EBPR. For example, sulphide has shown to inhibit different microbial activities in the WWTP, but the knowledge about its effects on EBPR is limited. Whereas the sulphide generated in the sewage can cause a shock effect on EBPR, the continuously exposure to sulphide potentially generated in WWTP can cause the acclimatization and adaptation of the biomass. This research suggests that sulphate reducing bacteria can proliferate in WWTP, as they are reversibly inhibited by the recirculation of sludge through anaerobic-anoxic-oxic conditions. The research enhances the understanding of the effect of sulphide on the anaerobic-oxic metabolism of PAO. It suggests that the filamentous bacteria Thiothrix caldifontis could play an important role in the biological removal of phosphorus. It questions the ability of PAO to generate energy from nitrate respiration and its use for the anoxic phosphorus uptake. Thus, the results obtained in this research can be used to understand the stability of the EBPR process under anaerobic-anoxic-oxic conditions, especially when exposed to the presence of sulphide.
