Impedance Spectroscopy of the Electro-oxidation of Small Organic Molecules on Platinum and Platinum-ruthenium Electrocatalysts PDF Download
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Author: Ryan Edward Melnick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 638
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Author: Ryan Edward Melnick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 638
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Author: Qingjun Zhao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Author: László Guczi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461403448
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 543
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Book Description
The increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the decrease of the available amount of fossil fuels necessitate finding new alternative and sustainable energy sources in the near future. This book summarizes the role and the possibilities of catalysis in the production of new energy carriers and in the utilization of different energy sources. The main goal of this work is to go beyond those results discussed in recent literature by identifying new developments that may lead to breakthroughs in the production of alternative energy. The book discusses the use of biomass or biomass derived materials as energy sources, hydrogen formation in methanol and ethanol reforming, biodiesel production, and the utilization of biogases. Separate sections also deal with fuel cells, photocatalysis, and solar cells, which are all promising processes for energy production that depend heavily on catalysts.
Author: Horacio R. Corti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400777086
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 377
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Book Description
Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: Materials, Performance, Durability and Applications begins with an introductory overview of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFC); it focuses on the main goals and challenges in the areas of materials development, performance, and commercialization. The preparation and the properties of the anodic catalysts used for the oxidation of methanol, higher alcohols, and alcohol tolerant cathodes are then described. The membranes used as proton conductors in DAFC are examined, as well as alkaline membranes, focusing on the electrical conductivity and alcohol permeability. The use of different kinds of carbon materials as catalyst supports, gas diffusion layers, and current collectors in DAFC is also discussed. State of the art of the modeling is used to estimate performance and durability. The closing chapter reviews the use of DAFC in portable equipment and mobile devices and features a detailed discussion on the mechanisms of component degradation which limits their durability. This book is written to facilitate the understanding of DAFC technology, applications, and future challenges. It is an excellent introduction for electrochemical and material engineers interested in small fuel cells as portable energy sources, scientists focused on materials science for energy production and storage, as well as policy-makers in the area of renewable energies.
Author: Rachel L. Behrens
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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In support of the recent interest in fuels from renewable resources for fuel cells, the intermediates of the oxidation of formic acid and ethanol to CO2 on platinum electrodes have been examined. The adsorbed carbon monoxide intermediate continues to be the cause for a decrease in efficiency and activity for platinum electrodes and is the leading surface poison (intermediate) in the most common oxidation reactions. We have studied the CO species generated from both fuel and CO-saturated media to observe site conversion of the CO species on polycrystalline platinum and platinum single crystal surfaces with respect to concentration, composition of electrolyte, and potential with electrochemical techniques and broad-band sum frequency generation spectroscopy (BB-SFG). In situ BB-SFG allows for the chemical analysis of electrode surfaces to examine details of surface electrochemical reactions. SFG is based on a second order nonlinear optical process that is forbidden in centrosymmetric media. Therefore, SFG is intrinsically interface-sensitive and enables surface chemical measurements without contribution from the bulk. With the aid of a femtosecond IR laser, we probe vibrational transitions of adsorbates in real time on the electrode surface as the potential at the surface is scanned at rates up to 5 mV/s. Studies of CO species, other reaction intermediates, and adsorbates will be discussed in relation to their poisoning of catalysis by single crystal Pt electrodes. These experiments demonstrate the sensitivity of the BB-SFG technique to the adsorbed species, and its capability to examine adsorption site conversions of the species on the electrode surface. In formic acid fuel solution, in situ BB-SFG was used to obtain vibrational spectra of CO adsorbates produced from formic acid oxidation on a Pt(100) electrode in sulfuric acid and perchloric acid media. The BB-SFG simultaneously monitored all forms of the CO intermediates, including steady-state, as the potential was scanned at 5 mV/s. Spectra were compared to those obtained from CO adsorbed from a CO-saturated electrolyte. While adsorbed from HCOOH, CO had a sharp atop transition near 2050 cm-1 and a broader multiply-bonded transitions in the 1700-1900 cm-1 range, which appear to result from bridge-like and higher-coordinated (possibly fourfold) CO. As the potential was scanned from -0.2 to 0.3 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), the bridge-like CO disappeared and the amount of atop CO increased. At potentials above 0.5 V, CO was in steady-state, being oxidized on the surface to CO2 and replenished by CO from HCOOH. These measurements show that BB-SFG can observe potential-dependent interconversion of different CO forms on the electrode surface and can measure steady-state reaction intermediates on a surface in real time. In situ BB-SFG was also employed to study ethanol on platinum electrodes as a means to elucidate the mechanism of this reaction on catalyst surfaces for fuel cell applications. Recently, the interest in ethanol has increased, not only as a renewable resource, but especially as a fuel source due to its high theoretical yield of 12 electrons released upon complete oxidation. Incomplete oxidation, a major setback with ethanol oxidation, forms byproducts and intermediates slowing the oxidation reaction or prohibiting it from occurring further. Among the byproducts are acetic acid and acetaldehyde, where the C-C bond is not yet broken, or the intermediate CO, where the C-C bond has been broken and is further oxidized to CO2. Using simultaneous electrochemical techniques and broad-band sum frequency generation, these byproducts and intermediates formed on platinum electrodes will be discussed in both acidic and basic media, as a function of electrolyte composition and ethanol concentration.
Author: Jungwon Shin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Author: Marshall C. Smart
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 534
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Author: Xinghua Xia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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Author: Pongsaton Amornpitoksuk
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789740420002
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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