Impact of Water Availability on Multiple Aspects of Plant-insect Interactions and Insect-induced Drought Responses in Plants PDF Download
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Author: Po An Lin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Drought and herbivory are two stresses that threaten productivity and survival of plants. While plant responses to either drought or herbivory are well studied, the responses of plants to concurrent drought and herbivory are unclear. This dissertation investigates the impact of water availability on plant-insect interactions using chemical ecology, plant physiology, molecular biology, and ecology approaches. We discovered that drought stress enhances plant resistance against insect herbivores and reduces plant tolerance against defoliation. In addition to its negative impact on plant tolerance, drought stress also reduces the number of insect natural enemies and other arthropods on plants. The reduction in arthropod number was found to benefit certain insect herbivores by reducing negative species interactions such as competition and predation. We hypothesized that the reduction in arthropod number on drought-stressed plants are partly associated with changes in plant volatile emission and found that the detrimental effects of drought on natural enemy attraction was associated with changes in herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) emissions. Using current knowledge on ecology of drought-plant-insect interactions, we discussed the implications of water availability on plant anti-herbivore defenses and the integration of water and pest management in crop production around the world. Furthermore, we discover the ability of insect herbivores to induce drought-like response for their own benefit. We identify a hydrogen peroxide-producing salivary protein (glucose oxidase, GOX) in caterpillar Helicoverpa zea that triggers stomatal closure in plants. Stomatal closures were further linked to inhibition of important defense related HIPVs, such as (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and (Z)-3-hexenol, which is similar to HIPV changes caused by drought. The findings discover an herbivore adaptation that utilize drought-like responses of plants for their own benefits and show the links between stomatal behavior and HIPV emission. This is the first study that utilizes CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis to study salivary protein function of insect herbivores and showed that organisms other than microbes can modulate behavior of stomata. As changes in water availability and pest continue to threaten plants in both natural and agricultural systems under climate changes, this dissertation contributes to a better understanding of the impacts of drought stress on plant-insect interactions from molecular, organismal, to populational levels. Additionally, we highlight the ability of insect herbivores to induce drought-like responses of plants, such as stomatal closure, for their own benefit, which is a novel strategy that have not been reported to date. We further demonstrate that stomata are important parts of plant responses to herbivores, in addition to its roles in responses to abiotic stresses and pathogen attack. However, significant knowledge gap exists in stomatal functions in plant-insect interactions, we are certain that the findings in this dissertation will incite further research and lead to a better understanding of stomatal functions in plant responses to their environment.
Author: Po An Lin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Drought and herbivory are two stresses that threaten productivity and survival of plants. While plant responses to either drought or herbivory are well studied, the responses of plants to concurrent drought and herbivory are unclear. This dissertation investigates the impact of water availability on plant-insect interactions using chemical ecology, plant physiology, molecular biology, and ecology approaches. We discovered that drought stress enhances plant resistance against insect herbivores and reduces plant tolerance against defoliation. In addition to its negative impact on plant tolerance, drought stress also reduces the number of insect natural enemies and other arthropods on plants. The reduction in arthropod number was found to benefit certain insect herbivores by reducing negative species interactions such as competition and predation. We hypothesized that the reduction in arthropod number on drought-stressed plants are partly associated with changes in plant volatile emission and found that the detrimental effects of drought on natural enemy attraction was associated with changes in herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) emissions. Using current knowledge on ecology of drought-plant-insect interactions, we discussed the implications of water availability on plant anti-herbivore defenses and the integration of water and pest management in crop production around the world. Furthermore, we discover the ability of insect herbivores to induce drought-like response for their own benefit. We identify a hydrogen peroxide-producing salivary protein (glucose oxidase, GOX) in caterpillar Helicoverpa zea that triggers stomatal closure in plants. Stomatal closures were further linked to inhibition of important defense related HIPVs, such as (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and (Z)-3-hexenol, which is similar to HIPV changes caused by drought. The findings discover an herbivore adaptation that utilize drought-like responses of plants for their own benefits and show the links between stomatal behavior and HIPV emission. This is the first study that utilizes CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis to study salivary protein function of insect herbivores and showed that organisms other than microbes can modulate behavior of stomata. As changes in water availability and pest continue to threaten plants in both natural and agricultural systems under climate changes, this dissertation contributes to a better understanding of the impacts of drought stress on plant-insect interactions from molecular, organismal, to populational levels. Additionally, we highlight the ability of insect herbivores to induce drought-like responses of plants, such as stomatal closure, for their own benefit, which is a novel strategy that have not been reported to date. We further demonstrate that stomata are important parts of plant responses to herbivores, in addition to its roles in responses to abiotic stresses and pathogen attack. However, significant knowledge gap exists in stomatal functions in plant-insect interactions, we are certain that the findings in this dissertation will incite further research and lead to a better understanding of stomatal functions in plant responses to their environment.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789464479379
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The aim of this thesis was to elucidate the influence of water availability on plant responses to insect herbivory, extending beyond direct impacts to encompass broader ecological consequences. To achieve this, a comparative approach was adopted, focusing on closely related wild plant species within the Rorippa genus that grow in different habitats along a water gradient. This approach aimed to establish connections between plant adaptations to- and the impact of water conditions on interactions between plants and insects. A diverse array of techniques, including transcriptomics, metabolomics, analysis of insect behavior and performance, was employed to unveil the distinct responses of differently adapted plants to herbivory under varying water conditions. By delving into the repercussions of double trouble on diverse wild plants, this study offers crucial fundamental insights into how wild plants thrive in complex, multi-stress, environments. Such understanding is crucial for predicting the repercussions of climate change on ecosystems and bolstering agricultural resilience.
Author: Ricardo Aroca
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642326528
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the multiple strategies that plants have developed to cope with drought, one of the most severe environmental stresses. Experts in the field present 17 chapters, each of which focuses on a basic concept as well as the latest findings. The following major aspects are covered in the book: · Morphological and anatomical adaptations · Physiological responses · Biochemical and molecular responses · Ecophysiological responses · Responses to drought under field conditions The contributions will serve as an invaluable source of information for researchers and advanced students in the fields of plant sciences, agriculture, ecophysiology, biochemistry and molecular biology.
Author: Sener Akinci
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535109332
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 191
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Book Description
The same amount of water has been present on our planet for about 4 billion years, since shortly after the Earth was formed. Since then it has cycled through evaporation, condensation, precipitation and surface runoff multiple times. Water scarcity as an abiotic factor ranging from moderate to severe stress levels, accompanied by loss of moisture in the soil, is extremely hard for most organisms to cope with, particularly terrestrial plants and their food-chain dependents. Because of the potential for increasing temporary, or posssibly permanent, drought conditions in the future, there is intense focus on improving plant resistance to drought and increasing yield performance in water- limited environments through genotype selection in important crops. This book aims to contribute to understanding of how plants and other organisms respond to water stress conditions, and the various survival strategies adopted under differing moisture levels.
Author: Ruiping Luo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In many terrestrial systems, water is an important resource that impacts plant growth, survival and responses to herbivory. These impacts often cascade to affect herbivores and their predators, altering trophic interactions. Working with milkweed plants and aphid herbivores, I investigated: 1) The interactive effects of water availability and temperature on plant-herbivore-predator dynamics and 2) The effect of drought timing on plant-herbivore interactions. I show that water is important in shaping trophic dynamics. While I did not find evidence for interactions between temperature and water availability impacting trophic dynamics, my first study demonstrates the influence of water and temperature on herbivore populations differed over time, and my second study showed both plants and herbivores to be highly sensitive to changes in the timing of short-term drought. This research illustrates the significance of considering temporal scale when examining environmental change and trophic dynamics.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123876826
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Book Description
Advances in Botanical Research publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences. Currently in its 57th volume, the series features a wide range of reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology and ecology. This thematic volume describes developments in understanding of plant responses to drought and salinity in post-genomic and are evaluated by world wide- known experts. Multidisciplinary reviews written from a broad range of scientific perspectives For over 40 years, series has enjoyed a reputation for excellence Contributors internationally recognized authorities in their respective fields
Author: Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319288997
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 538
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Book Description
Abiotic stress adversely affects crop production worldwide, decreasing average yields for most of the crops to 50%. Among various abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production, drought stress is considered to be the main source of yield reduction around the globe. Due to an increasing world population, drought stress will lead to a serious food shortage by 2050. The situation may become worse due to predicated global climate change that may multiply the frequency and duration and severity of such abiotic stresses. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding on complex mechanisms of drought stress tolerance and to develop modern varieties that are more resilient to drought stress. Identification of the potential novel genes responsible for drought tolerance in crop plants will contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of crop responses to drought stress. The discovery of novel genes, the analysis of their expression patterns in response to drought stress, and the determination of their potential functions in drought stress adaptation will provide the basis of effective engineering strategies to enhance crop drought stress tolerance. Although the in-depth water stress tolerance mechanisms is still unclear, it can be to some extent explained on the basis of ion homeostasis mediated by stress adaptation effectors, toxic radical scavenging, osmolyte biosynthesis, water transport, and long distance signaling response coordination. Importantly, complete elucidation of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms for drought stress, perception, transduction, and tolerance is still a challenge to the plant biologists. The findings presented in volume 1 call attention to the physiological and biochemical modalities of drought stress that influence crop productivity, whereas volume 2 summarizes our current understanding on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of drought stress resistance in plants.
Author: Parvaiz Ahmad
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111905446X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 784
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Book Description
Plants are subjected to a variety of abiotic stresses such as drought, temperature, salinity, air pollution, heavy metals, UV radiations, etc. To survive under these harsh conditions plants are equipped with different resistance mechanisms which vary from species to species. Due to the environmental fluctuations agricultural and horticultural crops are often exposed to different environmental stresses leading to decreased yield and problems in the growth and development of the crops. Drought stress has been found to decrease the yield to an alarming rate of some important crops throughout the globe. During last few decades, lots of physiological and molecular works have been conducted under water stress in crop plants. Water Stress and Crop Plants: A Sustainable Approach presents an up-to-date in-depth coverage of drought and flooding stress in plants, including the types, causes and consequences on plant growth and development. It discusses the physiobiochemical, molecular and omic approaches, and responses of crop plants towards water stress. Topics include nutritional stress, oxidative stress, hormonal regulation, transgenic approaches, mitigation of water stress, approaches to sustainability, and modern tools and techniques to alleviate the water stress on crop yields. This practical book offers pragmatic guidance for scientists and researchers in plant biology, and agribusinesses and biotechnology companies dealing with agronomy and environment, to mitigate the negative effects of stress and improve yield under stress. The broad coverage also makes this a valuable guide enabling students to understand the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of environmental stress in plants.
Author: Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319324233
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 616
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Book Description
Drought is one of the most severe constraints to crop productivity worldwide, and thus it has become a major concern for global food security. Due to an increasing world population, droughts could lead to serious food shortages by 2050. The situation may worsen due to predicated climatic changes that may increase the frequency, duration and severity of droughts. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the complex mechanisms associated with drought tolerance and to develop modern crop varieties that are more resilient to drought. Identification of the genes responsible for drought tolerance in plants will contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that could enable crop plants to respond to drought. The discovery of novel drought related genes, the analysis of their expression patterns in response to drought, and determination of the functions these genes play in drought adaptation will provide a base to develop effective strategies to enhance the drought tolerance of crop plants. Plant breeding efforts to increase crop yields in dry environments have been slow to date mainly due to our poor understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in how plants respond to drought. In addition, when it comes to combining favourable alleles, there are practical obstacles to developing superior high yielding genotypes fit for drought prone environments. Drought Tolerance in Plants, Vol 2: Molecular and Genetic Perspectives combines novel topical findings, regarding the major molecular and genetic events associated with drought tolerance, with contemporary crop improvement approaches. This volume is unique as it makes available for its readers not only extensive reports of existing facts and data, but also practical knowledge and overviews of state-of-the-art technologies, across the biological fields, from plant breeding using classical and molecular genetic information, to the modern omic technologies, that are now being used in drought tolerance research to breed drought-related traits into modern crop varieties. This book is useful for teachers and researchers in the fields of plant breeding, molecular biology and biotechnology.
Author: Arun Shanker
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535122509
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 770
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Book Description
The impact of global climate change on crop production has emerged as a major research priority during the past decade. Understanding abiotic stress factors such as temperature and drought tolerance and biotic stress tolerance traits such as insect pest and pathogen resistance in combination with high yield in plants is of paramount importance to counter climate change related adverse effects on the productivity of crops. In this multi-authored book, we present synthesis of information for developing strategies to combat plant stress. Our effort here is to present a judicious mixture of basic as well as applied research outlooks so as to interest workers in all areas of plant science. We trust that the information covered in this book would bridge the much-researched area of stress in plants with the much-needed information for evolving climate-ready crop cultivars to ensure food security in the future.
