Impact of Accelerated Hydrothermal Aging on Structure and Performance of Cu-SSZ-13 SCR Catalysts PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Author: James Song
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Languages : en
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Author: Moustafa El-Gindy
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031362160
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 469
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Book Description
This book introduces and provides a detailed understanding of on- and off-road vehicle dynamics. It discusses classical on-road tyre mechanics, including finite element tyre modelling and validation, using a combination of theoretical and experimental data sets. Chapters explore new computational techniques that describe terrain models and combined to develop better off-road vehicle models, and focus is placed on terrain characterization and modelling, using two popular modelling techniques, as well as performance characteristics of off-road vehicles - including rolling and driven combinations, traction, and steering. The effect of multi-pass and soil compaction on tyre performance is described as well. The book presents a unique neuro-tyre model for both on-road and off-road situations, capable of computing the steering, braking characteristics, and soil compaction. Road vehicle characteristics are described, including the stability and control, roll centre and roll axis, and rollover mechanics. The road vehicle braking performance is also described, including the brake components, choice of brake, and the transient load transfer. Finally, the dynamics and control of multi-wheel combat vehicles are presented and described extensively. The book is dedicated to undergraduate and graduate engineering students, in addition to researchers, and the automotive industry. As well as provide the readers with a better understanding of vehicle dynamics and soil mechanics. The book is also beneficial for automotive industries looking for a quick and reliable model to be implemented in their main software.
Author: Oliver Kröcher
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038973645
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO
x" that was published in Catalysts
Author: Isabella Nova
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489980717
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 715
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Book Description
Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts presents a complete overview of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia/urea. The book starts with an illustration of the technology in the framework of the current context (legislation, market, system configurations), covers the fundamental aspects of the SCR process (catalysts, chemistry, mechanism, kinetics) and analyzes its application to useful topics such as modeling of full scale monolith catalysts, control aspects, ammonia injections systems and integration with other devices for combined removal of pollutants.
Author: Adam Lamar Foster
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 173
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Book Description
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO[Subscript x] with urea/NH[Subscript 3] is a leading candidate to the impending more stringent emissions regulations for diesel engines. Currently, there is no consensus on the durability and the deactivation mechanisms associated with zeolite-based SCR catalysts, nor is there an established protocol for rapidly aging zeolite-based SCR catalysts that replicates the catalyst deactivation associated with field service. A 517 cc single-cylinder, naturally-aspirated direct injection (NA/DI) diesel engine is used to perform accelerated thermal aging on Fe-zeolite SCR catalysts. The engine is fitted with an exhaust aftertreatment system consisting of a DOC, a SCR catalyst and a DPF. Accelerated aging protocol established for the SCR catalyst utilizes high temperature exhaust gases during the active regeneration of the DPF. Accelerated aging is carried out at exhaust gas temperatures of 650, 750 and 850°C at the SCR inlet and at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of approximately 40,000 h−1. The engine is maintained at 1500 rpm and supplemental fuel is injected upstream of the DOC to alter the temperature of the aftertreatment system. The aged Fe-zeolite SCR catalysts are evaluated for NO[Subscript x] performance in a bench-flow reactor and characterized by multiple surface characterization techniques for materials changes. The NO[Subscript x] performance of the front sections of the engine-aged catalysts is severely degraded. BET surface area measurements of the engine-aged catalyst indicate a severe reduction of catalyst surface area in the front sections of the catalysts aged at 750 and 850°C. However, the catalyst aged at 650°C has a catalyst surface area similar to that of a fresh catalyst; thereby ruling out reduction of catalyst surface area as the sole cause of the catalyst deactivation seen in the front sections of the engine-aged catalysts. The similar shape of the NO[Subscript x] conversion profiles observed with these catalyst sections even at different aging temperatures indicates some type of catalyst poisoning; however, the cause of catalyst degradation in these catalyst sections is not identified in this investigation. There is a good relationship between the NO[Subscript x] performance and catalyst aging temperature for the rear sections of the engine-aged catalysts - NO[Subscript x] performance decreases with increasing aging temperature. XRD patterns and NO oxidation experiments reveal evidence of zeolite dealumination in the engine-aged catalysts. BET surface area measurements show that catalyst surface area decreases with increasing aging temperature, which further supports the suggestion of zeolite dealumination as the cause of catalyst deactivation in the rear sections of the engine-aged catalysts. A comparison between the engine-aged and field-aged catalysts is conducted to assess the validity of the implemented accelerated thermal aging protocol in replicating the aging conditions observed in the field-aged catalyst. Bench-flow reactor evaluation is used to determine the NO[Subscript x] performance of the engine-aged and field-aged catalysts, and in depth surface studies are used to determine the deactivation mechanisms associated with each type of catalyst aging. SEM micrographs and BET surface area measurements of the aged catalysts show that the deactivation mechanism associated with catalyst aging is primarily physical damage to the zeolite washcoat for both the field-aged and engine-aged catalysts. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction and NO oxidation experiments identify zeolite dealumination as the underlying cause of the washcoat degradation. Finally, BFR evaluation shows that the NO[Subscript x] performance of the catalyst aged at 750°C for approximately 50 hours compares very well to that of the field-aged catalyst with a service life of 3 years. It is concluded that accelerated thermal aging on the engine bench is successful in bringing about similar catalyst changes to those seen with the field-aged catalyst.
Author: Santi Kulprathipanja
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9783527629572
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 618
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Book Description
This first book to offer a practical overview of zeolites and their commercial applications provides a practical examination of zeolites in three capacities. Edited by a globally recognized and acclaimed leader in the field with contributions from major industry experts, this handbook and ready reference introduces such novel separators as zeolite membranes and mixed matrix membranes. The first part of the book discusses the history and chemistry of zeolites, while the second section focuses on separation processes. The third and final section treats zeolites in the field of catalysis. The three sections are unified by an examination of how the unique properties of zeolites allow them to function in different capacities as an adsorbent, a membrane and as a catalyst, while also discussing their impact within the industry.
Author: Yiquan Xie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Due to global lean exhaust gas and new emission regulations, exhaust after-treatment systems of diesel engines are getting more and more sophisticated and comprise a series of catalytic units. In the present work, two of these catalytic systems were studied, Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOC) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalysts. Particular attention is paid to their performance in the presence of alkali compounds when bio-diesel is utilized as the alternative fuel.Firstly, this thesis focuses on the catalytic behavior of the Diesel Oxidation Catalyst using different aging characteristics of road mileage in order to improve the efficiency of an ammonia SCR system on an after-treatment line composed by a DOC + DPF + SCR. The studied catalyst is a commercial diesel oxidation catalyst (Pt/Pd/Al2O3) provided by Continental. Hydrothermal aging under different conditions on carrots of monolith were performed. Also studied in the monolith form over the commercial DOC, the influence of the addition of different alkali metal species (K and Na) on the commercial DOC through catalytic tests performed on this structured catalyst under multicomponent (C3H6 / CO / NO / NO2) co-feeding conditions was explored. Aiming at investigating the effects of the presence of different alkali metal species on the DOC at the level of active phase, homemade bimetallic DOC is prepared and then different alkali metal species incorporated. Finally, encouraged by the evident influence of alkali compounds on DOCs, their impacts on the downstream SCR catalysts are also studied in this thesis. The studied SCR catalyst is a commercial V2O5-based catalyst provided by UMICORE company.
Author: Luciana Lisi
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039215469
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
Catalyst lifetime represents one of the most crucial economic aspects in industrial catalytic processes, due to costly shutdowns, catalyst replacements, and proper disposal of spent materials. Not surprisingly, there is considerable motivation to understand and treat catalyst deactivation, poisoning, and regeneration, which causes this research topic to continue to grow. The complexity of catalyst poisoning obviously increases along with the increasing use of biomass/waste-derived/residual feedstocks and with requirements for cleaner and novel sustainable processes. This book collects 15 research papers providing insights into several scientific and technical aspects of catalyst poisoning and deactivation, proposing more tolerant catalyst formulations, and exploring possible regeneration strategies.
Author: Luca Lietti
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1788013239
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 514
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Book Description
This book will be the first to comprehensively present the current research on catalysts used for NOx abatement in lean exhausts.
