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Author: Kevin N. Couper
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889630463
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 487
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Book Description
Malaria, caused by infection with protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium, is a highly prevalent and lethal infectious disease, responsible for 435,000 deaths in 2017. Optimism that malaria was gradually being controlled and eliminated has been tempered by recent evidence that malaria control measures are beginning to stall and that Plasmodium parasites are developing resistance to front-line anti-malarial drugs. An important milestone has been the recent development of a malaria vaccine (Mosquirix) for use in humans, the very first against a parasitic infection. Unfortunately, this vaccine has modest and short-lived efficacy, with vaccinated individuals possibly being at increased risk of severe malarial disease when protection wanes. Thus, to define new ways to combat malaria, there remains an urgent requirement to identify the immune mechanisms that promote resistance to malarial disease and to understand why these so often fail. The review and primary research articles in this Research Topic illustrate the breadth of research performed worldwide aimed to understand the biology of the Plasmodium parasite, the roles of the various cell types that act within the immune response against the parasite, and the parasitological and immunological basis of severe malarial disease. The articles in section 1 exemplify the different vaccination strategies being developed and tested by the research community in the fight against malaria. The articles in section 2 review important overarching aspects of malaria immunology and the use of models to study human malaria. The articles in section 3 describe the ways through which the Plasmodium parasite is initially recognised by the immune system during infection, how the parasite can directly impact this critical event to restrict anti-Plasmodial immunity, and resolve the roles of key innate cell populations, such as dendritic cells, in coordinating malarial immunity. The articles in sections 4-6 outline the roles T and B cell populations play during malaria, highlighting the activation, diversification and regulation of the crucial cell types during malaria, and discuss some of the reasons adaptive immunity to malaria is often considered so poor compared with other diseases. The articles in section 7 provide up to date information on the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria, bridging our understanding of the syndrome in humans with information learned from animal models. Overall, the articles in this research, many of which are published by leaders in the malaria field, emphasize the imagination and technical advances being employed by researchers against malaria. We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). We hereby state publicly that the IUIS has had no editorial input in articles included in this Research Topic, thus ensuring that all aspects of this Research Topic are evaluated objectively, unbiased by any specific policy or opinion of the IUIS.
Author: Kevin N. Couper
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889630463
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 487
Get Book Here
Book Description
Malaria, caused by infection with protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium, is a highly prevalent and lethal infectious disease, responsible for 435,000 deaths in 2017. Optimism that malaria was gradually being controlled and eliminated has been tempered by recent evidence that malaria control measures are beginning to stall and that Plasmodium parasites are developing resistance to front-line anti-malarial drugs. An important milestone has been the recent development of a malaria vaccine (Mosquirix) for use in humans, the very first against a parasitic infection. Unfortunately, this vaccine has modest and short-lived efficacy, with vaccinated individuals possibly being at increased risk of severe malarial disease when protection wanes. Thus, to define new ways to combat malaria, there remains an urgent requirement to identify the immune mechanisms that promote resistance to malarial disease and to understand why these so often fail. The review and primary research articles in this Research Topic illustrate the breadth of research performed worldwide aimed to understand the biology of the Plasmodium parasite, the roles of the various cell types that act within the immune response against the parasite, and the parasitological and immunological basis of severe malarial disease. The articles in section 1 exemplify the different vaccination strategies being developed and tested by the research community in the fight against malaria. The articles in section 2 review important overarching aspects of malaria immunology and the use of models to study human malaria. The articles in section 3 describe the ways through which the Plasmodium parasite is initially recognised by the immune system during infection, how the parasite can directly impact this critical event to restrict anti-Plasmodial immunity, and resolve the roles of key innate cell populations, such as dendritic cells, in coordinating malarial immunity. The articles in sections 4-6 outline the roles T and B cell populations play during malaria, highlighting the activation, diversification and regulation of the crucial cell types during malaria, and discuss some of the reasons adaptive immunity to malaria is often considered so poor compared with other diseases. The articles in section 7 provide up to date information on the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria, bridging our understanding of the syndrome in humans with information learned from animal models. Overall, the articles in this research, many of which are published by leaders in the malaria field, emphasize the imagination and technical advances being employed by researchers against malaria. We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). We hereby state publicly that the IUIS has had no editorial input in articles included in this Research Topic, thus ensuring that all aspects of this Research Topic are evaluated objectively, unbiased by any specific policy or opinion of the IUIS.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 9780309045278
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Malaria is making a dramatic comeback in the world. The disease is the foremost health challenge in Africa south of the Sahara, and people traveling to malarious areas are at increased risk of malaria-related sickness and death. This book examines the prospects for bringing malaria under control, with specific recommendations for U.S. policy, directions for research and program funding, and appropriate roles for federal and international agencies and the medical and public health communities. The volume reports on the current status of malaria research, prevention, and control efforts worldwide. The authors present study results and commentary on the: Nature, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and epidemiology of malaria. Biology of the malaria parasite and its vector. Prospects for developing malaria vaccines and improved treatments. Economic, social, and behavioral factors in malaria control.
Author: Peter Perlmann
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3805573766
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
Despite extensive efforts to control it, malaria is still one of the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide. This book, now in its second edition, provides a broad and up-to-date overview of the rapidly expanding field of malaria immunology and its importance in the control of this disease. The first section deals with the malaria parasite and its interactions with both the vertebrate host and the mosquitoes which transmit the disease. In the second part, the mechanisms of immunity and their regulation by environmental and genetic factors are discussed. Finally, this volume contains several chapters on malaria vaccine development, describing the application of the most recent vaccine technologies as well as ongoing and planned vaccine trials. Authored by well-recognized experts, this volume not only demonstrates the rapid progress being made in the search for vaccines against malaria, but also broadens our understanding of immunity to infection in general. It is therefore highly recommended reading for all scientists and professionals in the fields of immunology, infection and vaccine development.
Author: Uday Kishore
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781461495291
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The book starts with dissecting mechanisms underlying viral immune evasion via exploiting the host complement system by vaccinia virus, and by modulating the type 1 interferon response by RNA viruses. Yet another chapter looks into how viroporins expressed by different families of viruses causing influenza A virus, SARS, hepatitis C and HIV interact with several cellular pathways. Understanding of these mechanisms can aid the development of novel potential anti‐viral targets. The chapter on tuberculosis discusses the emerging importance of the innate immune mechanisms against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and latency. This book has a strong focus on fungal pathogenesis and immunity, starting with virulence and host factors that attain great importance in candidiasis and associated escape tricks of seriously opportunistic fungi. Two chapters on Aspergillus fumigatus elaborate on the pathogenic mechanisms: first discussing A. fumigatus‐airway epithelium interaction, followed by fungal and host factors that are paramount in the development of allergic and invasive aspergillosis. In the subsequent chapter, there is a general discussion on the innate and adaptive immune responses against primary and opportunistic fungal pathogens.
Author: Michael F. Good
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849352584
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
Some of the world's leading research scientists in the field have contributed to this new book on malaria vaccine development. The book examines various strategies being pursued against the different stages of the parasite (the sporozoite, asexual erythrocytic stages, and sexual stages). It describes vaccines that combat the parasite directly, vaccines aimed at preventing disease, vaccines based on attenuated parasites, and vaccines based on small, carefully defined synthetic peptides. The book provides a compendium of current approaches, lists of preferred antigens, and the results of vaccine trials to date. Molecular immunology involved with both the natural immune response to parasites and with the constraints on inducing immunity are emphasized throughout the book. Views on how vaccines may be tested and then integrated into malaria control programs are also discussed. Molecular Immunological Considerations in Malaria Vaccine Development will be useful for researchers and students in immunology, parasitology, biotechnology, vaccine design, and tropical and public health.
Author:
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN:
Category : Malaria
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Author: Maria M. Mota
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331945210X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 275
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Book Description
Currently, malaria kills more than 300,000 people per year, making it a top priority of world leaders and international organizations, who are working towards implementing and coordinating efforts to eradicate this disease. An effective malaria vaccine is recognized as the key element that will decide between success and failure in this fight. At present, despite intensive research efforts, such a vaccine is not yet available for use. However, there are a number of advanced candidate vaccines with high chances of success in the short term. Malaria: Immune Response to Infection and Vaccination provides a comprehensive view on the immune response to malaria and to the different vaccines under development. The book offers the following: - Contributions by top research leaders in the field, - Comparisons of the immune responses to both malaria infection and malaria vaccines, which are traditionally treated separately, - Coverage of the immune responses to the different stages of malaria, which are frequently treated as separate fields of research.
Author: Sylvie Manguin
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789235502
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 454
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Book Description
Towards Malaria Elimination - A Leap Forward was started to mark the occasion for renewed commitment to end malaria transmission for good (the WHO's call for "Malaria Free World" by 2030). This book is dedicated for the benefit of researchers, scientists, program and policy managers, students and anyone interested in malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases with the goal of sharing recent information on success stories, innovative control approaches and challenges in different regions of the world. Some main issues that emerged included multidrug-resistant malaria and pandemic risk, vaccines, cross-border malaria, asymptomatic parasite reservoir, the threat of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi, insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors and outdoor malaria transmission. This book is one little step forward to bring together in 17 chapters the experiences of malaria-expert researchers from five continents to present updated information on disease epidemiology and control at the national/regional level, highlighting the constraints, challenges, accomplishments and prospects of malaria elimination.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309165938
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
For more than 50 years, low-cost antimalarial drugs silently saved millions of lives and cured billions of debilitating infections. Today, however, these drugs no longer work against the deadliest form of malaria that exists throughout the world. Malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africaâ€"currently just over one million per yearâ€"are rising because of increased resistance to the old, inexpensive drugs. Although effective new drugs called "artemisinins" are available, they are unaffordable for the majority of the affected population, even at a cost of one dollar per course. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance examines the history of malaria treatments, provides an overview of the current drug crisis, and offers recommendations on maximizing access to and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. The book finds that most people in endemic countries will not have access to currently effective combination treatments, which should include an artemisinin, without financing from the global community. Without funding for effective treatment, malaria mortality could double over the next 10 to 20 years and transmission will intensify.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309219396
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 570
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Book Description
Many potential applications of synthetic and systems biology are relevant to the challenges associated with the detection, surveillance, and responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. On March 14 and 15, 2011, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to explore the current state of the science of synthetic biology, including its dependency on systems biology; discussed the different approaches that scientists are taking to engineer, or reengineer, biological systems; and discussed how the tools and approaches of synthetic and systems biology were being applied to mitigate the risks associated with emerging infectious diseases. The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology is organized into sections as a topic-by-topic distillation of the presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop. Its purpose is to present information from relevant experience, to delineate a range of pivotal issues and their respective challenges, and to offer differing perspectives on the topic as discussed and described by the workshop participants. This report also includes a collection of individually authored papers and commentary.