Author: Markus Moehler
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031399447
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 291
Get Book
Book Description
This book provides an overview of the available evidence surrounding immunotherapy in gastrointestinal cancers, and discusses its future place in clinical practice. Immunotherapy has celebrated some astonishing therapeutic successes in a variety of cancer types and is becoming increasingly relevant in daily clinical practice. Currently, the predominant class of immunotherapeutic drugs is the so-called checkpoint inhibitors, which disengage the physiological brakes on the immune system, enabling a more effective anti-cancer immune response. Malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract, which account for the majority of cancer cases worldwide, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, creating an urgent need for more effective therapies. A large number of clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in gastrointestinal malignancies and demonstrated its potential in certain subsets of patients. This book will appeal to a wide readership, including oncologists, health care professionals in general and biomedical scientists.
Author: Xiaofang Che
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832526101
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 212
Get Book
Book Description
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including gastric cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, and pancreatic cancer, seriously threaten the health of human beings worldwide with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The clinical successes achieved with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 have opened a new cancer therapy era and brought new hope to cancer patients. However, the overall response rate (ORR) of ICI monotherapy in the non-selective population is only about 20%, in which some patients subsequently develop immunotherapy resistance. Moreover, the remaining 70-80% of patients displayed primary resistance to ICIs, and a few patients even experienced hyper progression disease (HPD). Although PD-L1 expression, mismatch repair deficient (MMRd), high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) , high homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), and tumor infiltrated immune cells (TILs) are known as effective biomarkers for immunotherapy, growing studies have reported that ICIs could not improve the OS of all patients with PD-L1 expression higher than 50%, and the ORR of MSI-H patients was only about 60%, whereas some patients with low PD-L1 expression or MSS could still benefit from immunotherapy, indicating the complexity of ICI resistance. Therefore, it is of great importance and significance to explore the prediction biomarkers for primary or acquired immunotherapy resistance and elucidate their underlying molecular mechanisms and develop reversal strategies. Due to the multiple steps of the cancer immune cycle and complex immune microenvironment, any disorders of immune cell infiltration or T cell activation, such as lack of antigens and/or their presentation, lack of response to antigen presentation, and T cell priming, could contribute to ICI resistance. The combination with anti-angiogenesis therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and other ICIs has improved the efficacy of ICI therapy to some extent in the clinic. Although numerous studies related to ICI resistance were reported in GI cancers, due to the strong spatial/temporal heterogeneity and the complex immune microenvironment in different kinds of GI cancers and different individuals, many questions about ICI resistance and reversal strategies remain unsolved. The aim of this Research Topic is to provide a forum to exhibit the latest research achievement related to the exploration of biomarkers for immunotherapy resistance including HPD and the underlying molecular mechanisms, as well as the development of reversal strategies in GI cancers. We hope this Research Topic will lead to a better understanding of precision cancer immunotherapy and provide useful clues for clinical application to benefit more GI cancer patients with immunotherapy.
Author: Ramakrishna Vadde
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811564876
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 257
Get Book
Book Description
This book reviews current immunotherapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, including immune composition, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cell therapy, and peptide vaccines used to protect against esophageal, gastric, hepato-biliary, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. It also discusses the current challenges of using immunotherapy for the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. The book reviews highly sensitive and specific immunomarkers for the detection of GI malignancies, and examines therapeutic vaccines and the major cytokines involved in GI immunotherapy, as well as their basic biology and clinical applications. In closing, the book explores various aspects of computational biology for the detection and treatment of GI malignancies.
Author: Chi Chun Wong
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832544444
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 204
Get Book
Book Description
Currently, the treatment options for gastrointestinal malignancies mainly include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy, etc. Drug therapy is one of the main treatments for patients with advanced stages, but the efficacy of chemotherapy seems to have reached a plateau, and the progress of traditional molecular targeted therapy is relatively slow. In addition, the benefits of the current chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy for patients with advanced stages of gastrointestinal malignancies are still not satisfactory. Tumor immunotherapy is an emerging therapeutic approach and is a current research hotspot, and there are hopes that immunotherapy can help further improve the prognosis and quality of life for patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. At the same time, potential targets of immunotherapeutic drugs and prognostic biomarkers for gastrointestinal malignancies have been less studied than other common cancers, such as lung cancer. Prognostic biomarker studies are the beginning of exploring new drug targets and revealing potential mechanisms of tumor progression. Immunotherapies, particularly PD1 or PD-L1 antagonists, have demonstrated effective therapeutic efficacy against various types of cancer. To date, many PD1 drugs are available for cancer treatment, and more than 100 PD1 drugs are in clinical trials. However, the question of how to screen sensitive patients and predict the efficacy of immunotherapy remains unresolved. In addition, predictive biomarkers and treatment guidelines for immunotherapy of gastrointestinal malignancies have hardly been studied.
Author: David Kerr
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319430637
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 252
Get Book
Book Description
This book is about the manipulation of the immune system as a therapeutic approach to gastrointestinal cancer and its clinical applications, exploring therapeutic approaches which might be taken under the broad banner of immunotherapy. Starting by introducing concepts of modern immunology, the clinical applications of immunotherapy are then discussed. The reader will learn about the three broad classes of immune therapeutic agents: cell-based treatment; antibody therapy; cytokine application and the key effector cells and mechanisms which might cause tumour rejection. The reverse side of this equation, the genetic and molecular mechanisms which the tumour can use to escape immune control and regulation, is also discussed. Through reviewing the most up-to-date evidence, this volume provides an overview of the important scientific lessons learned from past failure of immunotherapeutics in the clinic and highlights more positive recent data, coupled to practical guidelines for clinical usage. Written by a team of worldwide experts, this is an indispensable guide for medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, radiation therapists, pharmacists, oncology nurse specialists.
Author: Gianluigi Giannelli
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288974261X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 151
Get Book
Book Description
Author: Qi Yang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832532373
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 127
Get Book
Book Description
Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint molecules is gradually becoming an important treatment strategy for gastrointestinal tumours and inflammation. This Research Topic will focus on the role of immune checkpoint molecules in gastrointestinal inflammation and tumours, the latest progress in the corresponding regulatory mechanisms. Meanwhile, this topic explores the similarities and differences of different immune checkpoint molecules in tumours such as gastric cancer and colorectal cancer and inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, intestinal-related sepsis, and peritoneal infection. Furthermore, not only limited to oncology treatment, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors extends to inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoint molecules offers great promise for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Immunotherapy is one of the most cutting-edge fields in the current treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been gradually applied in the clinical treatment of gastrointestinal tumours and have been gradually explored in gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. However, whether the expression of different immune checkpoint molecules affects the selection of immune checkpoint molecular inhibitors, how to combine different immune checkpoint molecular inhibitors, and how to screen outpatients responsive to immune checkpoint molecular inhibitors in urgent scientific questions to be addressed.
Author: Ti Wen
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832506712
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 149
Get Book
Book Description
Author: Theodore Hong
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319431153
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 245
Get Book
Book Description
This up-to-date, hands-on manual offers clear guidance on contouring and treatment planning for both standard and advanced radiation therapy in patients with gastrointestinal cancers and simultaneously draws together the available relevant clinical data for each type of cancer with a view to driving treatment recommendations. The full range of malignancies is covered, including esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, hepatic, biliary, colon, rectal, and anal cancers and pelvic recurrences. Additional chapters are devoted to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to the liver for metastatic disease. The management of gastrointestinal cancers with radiation therapy has become increasingly complex. Specifically, the emergence of new techniques such as SBRT and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has further increased the need to understand how to contour targets and organs at risk, how to perform safe treatment planning, and when to apply these technologies. In this context, Radiation Therapy for Gastrointestinal Cancers represents an ideal reference for both established clinical radiation oncologists and radiation oncology residents.
Author: Rui Liao
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288976379X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 174
Get Book
Book Description
